Khalid ELAMARI - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Khalid ELAMARI
Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord
Mining, metallurgy & exploration, Dec 7, 2022
Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review
Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration
Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2022
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2021
Beneficiation of low-grade phosphate deposits through direct froth flotation has captured more at... more Beneficiation of low-grade phosphate deposits through direct froth flotation has captured more attention to satisfy the future needs of phosphorous industry. This is owing to the excessive consumption of the global reserves of high-grade phosphate deposits. Phosphate flotation using mixed collectors has been proved to give greater selectivity and high recovery of apatite comparing with fatty acids, which require selective depressant to be effective. However, the recovery of apatite from gangue minerals does not only rely on the selection of flotation reagents, but also the adsorption mechanism all together with solution chemistry. Accordingly, the current paper reviews the froth flotation studies conducted on phosphate ores, with highlighting the crucial role and optimization of collector types, depressants, and pH. Also, this review will provide some directions as an encouragement to the phosphate industries for the valorization of phosphorus from low-grade phosphate ore.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2021
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2020
Moroccan high-grade phosphate has so far always been upgraded by reverse flotation. Within a majo... more Moroccan high-grade phosphate has so far always been upgraded by reverse flotation. Within a major project to go back to the deposits considered as sterile or low grade, this preliminary study was conducted in a micro-flotation cell to find new routes for their beneficiation by direct flotation. Three collectors, alone and combined to modifiers, were evaluated for a potential direct flotation of apatite from calcite and quartz minerals. The obtained results demonstrated that sodium oleate (NaOl) and ATRAC 50S have an affinity toward both apatite and calcite, but not quartz. In the opposite, Phospholan PE 169 has an affinity toward the three minerals even when it is combined with depressants. NaOl and ATRAC 50S flotation selectivity of apatite can be improved by their combination at dosages of 5.56 to 3.7 mg/L sodium alginate or CMC at pH 9.5. Apatite recovery exceeded 95%, and calcite buoyancy decreased from about 50% to only 19.20% and 19.39% using sodium alginate and CMC as prior depressants, respectively. On the other hand, when ethylene glycol was added as a synergist with the collector ATRAC 50S and sodium alginate as a depressant, 78.10% apatite recovery was obtained with 23.78% and 1.47% for calcite and quartz, respectively. These results were correlated to adsorption tests, zeta potential measurements, and FTIR analysis.
Environmental Pollution, 2019
Environmental Pollution, 2017
Many questions about the soil pollution due to mining activities have been analyzed by numerous m... more Many questions about the soil pollution due to mining activities have been analyzed by numerous methods which help to evaluate the dispersion of the Metallic Trace Elements (MTE) in the soil and stream sediments of the abandoned mine of Kettara (Morocco). The transport of these MTE could have an important role in the degradation of groundwater and the health of people who are living in the vicinity. The present paper aims to evaluate the groundwater samples from 15 hydrogeological wells. This evaluation concerns the hydrogeological parameters, pH, Electrical conductivity, temperature and the groundwater level, and the geochemical assessment of Mg,
Mine Water and the Environment, 2015
ABSTRACT Abstract Hydrogeological and geochemical studies of the Ketarra abandoned mine watershed... more ABSTRACT Abstract Hydrogeological and geochemical studies of the Ketarra abandoned mine watershed showed that the groundwater chemical facies is linked to the drained schist. d2H and d18O isotope analysis revealed the influence of evaporation. High levels of dissolved ions, including sulphate, in groundwater collected down-gradient of pyrrhotite tailings are evidence of acid mine drainage. However, the groundwater is low in metals and generally complies with Morocco’s drinking water standards; only wells down-gradient of the mine waste is not of good quality. Most of the groundwater is acceptable for irrigation and all of it can be used for livestock. Keywords: Groundwater _ Acid mine drainage _ Sulphide tailings _ Lithology
Mine Water and the Environment, 2017
The effect of water quality on the flotation of a complex polymetallic sulphide ore was studied u... more The effect of water quality on the flotation of a complex polymetallic sulphide ore was studied using a Doehlert-based experimental design. Flotation tests were carried out using a sulphide ore provided by the Guemassa-Marrakech mining company, Morocco (MCG), using simulated tailings dam water. The optimal results, with a galena recovery of 86% and selectivity, relative to chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrrhotite at 58, 63, and 68%, respectively, were reached with a water quality of 5 mg/L Cu2+, 13 mg/L Zn2+, 1390 mg/L Ca2+, 140 mg/L Mg2+, 4130 mg/L SO42−, and 13 mg/L PAX. These results indicate that fresh water usage could be reduced in lead circuit flotation at the MCG plant by substituting water from the tailings dam.ZusammenfassungDie Auswirkungen der Wasserqualität auf die Flotation des polymetallischen Sulfid Erzes wurden untersucht mit Hilfe des DOEHLERT basierten Ansatzes. Flotation Tests wurde mit Sulfid Erzen der Guemassa Marrakech Bergbaugesellschaft Marokko (MCG) und künstlichen Flotationsteich Wässern durchgeführt. Das beste Ergebnis mit einem Ausbringen von 86% aus dem Bleierz, bezogen auf den Kupferkies 58%, Zinkblende 62% und Magnetkies 68%, wurden erreicht mit einer Wasserqualität von 5mg/L Cu2+, 13 mg/L Zn2+, 1390 mg/L Ca2+, 140 mg/L Mg2+, 4230 mg/L SO42- und 13 mg/L PAX. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Frischwasser in der Bleiflotationsstufe der MCG ersetzt werden kann durch Wasser der Flotationsteiche.ResumenEl efecto de la calidad del agua sobre la flotación de un mineral sulfurado polimetálico se estudió a través del diseno experimental basado en Doehlert. Los ensayos de flotación se hicieron con un mineral sulfurado proveniente de la compania minera Guemassa-Marrakech, Marruecos (MCG), usando el agua que simulaba la del dique de colas. Los resultados óptimos, con una recuperación de galena del 86% y selectividad, relativa a calcopirita, esfalerita y pirrotita de 58, 63 y 68%, respectivamente, se alcanzaron con agua de 5 mg/L Cu2+, 13 mg/L Zn2+, 1390 mg/L Ca2+, 140 mg/L Mg2+, 4130 mg/L SO42- y 13 mg/L PAX. Estos resultados indican que el uso de agua fresca puede ser reducido en el circuito de flotación en la planta MCG sustituyéndola por agua de los diques de cola.抽象应用基于Doehlert试验设计(Doehlert-based experimental design)的优化方法研究了水质对复合多金属硫化物浮选工艺的影响。以摩洛哥Guemassa-Marrakech矿业公司(MCG)提供的硫化物和模拟尾矿坝水进行浮选试验。优化浮选水质为Cu2+、Zn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-和PAX浓度分别为5mg/L、13mg/L、1390 mg/L、140mg/L、4130mg/L和13mg/L;同时,相对于黄铜矿、闪锌矿和磁黄铁矿58%、63%和68%的回收率,方铅矿选择性回收率可达86%。研究结果表明,MCG厂可通过利用尾矿水减少铅循环浮选工艺淡水使用。
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 2013
Chalcopyrite concentrate from Hajar Mine, Morocco, was leached with nitro-fluosilicic acid leach ... more Chalcopyrite concentrate from Hajar Mine, Morocco, was leached with nitro-fluosilicic acid leach solution. The pregnant leach solution obtained contained 19.3 g/dm 3 Cu, 18.1 g/dm 3 Fe, 4.5 g/dm 3 Zn and 0.03 g/dm 3 Pb. Copper recovery from this pregnant leach liquor was performed by solvent extrac- tion using Acorga M5397 diluted in Escaid 110. McCabe-Thiele distribution isotherms showed that at pH 1.7 complete and selective copper extraction can be achieved with φo/φa =1.5/1 in 3 stages of extraction. Stripping of the loaded copper by treating the organic phases by a fresh sulphuric acid solution was easily realized.
In order to assess the relationship between the groundwater mineralization of Roc-Blanc watershed... more In order to assess the relationship between the groundwater mineralization of Roc-Blanc watershed (Morocco), lithology, fracturation and abandoned mine tailings in the area, a multidisciplinary work was conducted by using the geochemical assessment approaches. Geological and hydrochemical results showed the following: (i) the main direction of fractures and the groundwater flow investigations reveal hydrogeological structures as dividing axis according to the SE and NW directions; (ii) correlations between the principal elements (Cl−, SO42−; Na+, Cl−) indicate that the mineralization of the Roc-Blanc groundwater is deduced from sulphates, chlorides and alkaline formations and iii) the dissolution of carbonate, gypsum and anhydrite constitutes the principal source of the mineralization processes. The saturation index shows that dissolution of gypsum and anhydrite is one of the origins of sulphates and calcium in the water resources of the study area. Abandoned mine tailings have no e...
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
Arabian Journal of Geosciences volume 13, Article number: 1252, 2020
Moroccan high-grade phosphate has so far always been upgraded by reverse flotation. Within a majo... more Moroccan high-grade phosphate has so far always been upgraded by reverse flotation. Within a major project to go back to the deposits considered as sterile or low grade, this preliminary study was conducted in a micro-flotation cell to find new routes for their beneficiation by direct flotation. Three collectors, alone and combined to modifiers, were evaluated for a potential direct flotation of apatite from calcite and quartz minerals. The obtained results demonstrated that sodium oleate (NaOl) and ATRAC 50S have an affinity toward both apatite and calcite, but not quartz. In the opposite, Phospholan PE 169 has an affinity toward the three minerals even when it is combined with depressants. NaOl and ATRAC 50S flotation selectivity of apatite can be improved by their combination at dosages of 5.56 to 3.7 mg/L sodium alginate or CMC at pH 9.5. Apatite recovery exceeded 95%, and calcite buoyancy decreased from about 50% to only 19.20% and 19.39% using sodium alginate and CMC as prior ...
Arabian Journal of Geosciences volume 13, Article number: 1252, 2020
Moroccan high-grade phosphate has so far always been upgraded by reverse flotation. Within a majo... more Moroccan high-grade phosphate has so far always been upgraded by reverse flotation. Within a major project to go back to the deposits considered as sterile or low grade, this preliminary study was conducted in a micro-flotation cell to find new routes for their beneficiation by direct flotation. Three collectors, alone and combined to modifiers, were evaluated for a potential direct flotation of apatite from calcite and quartz minerals. The obtained results demonstrated that sodium oleate (NaOl) and ATRAC 50S have an affinity toward both apatite and calcite, but not quartz. In the opposite, Phospholan PE 169 has an affinity toward the three minerals even when it is combined with depressants. NaOl and ATRAC 50S flotation selectivity of apatite can be improved by their combination at dosages of 5.56 to 3.7 mg/L sodium alginate or CMC at pH 9.5. Apatite recovery exceeded 95%, and calcite buoyancy decreased from about 50% to only 19.20% and 19.39% using sodium alginate and CMC as prior ...
Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord
Mining, metallurgy & exploration, Dec 7, 2022
Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review
Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration
Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2022
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2021
Beneficiation of low-grade phosphate deposits through direct froth flotation has captured more at... more Beneficiation of low-grade phosphate deposits through direct froth flotation has captured more attention to satisfy the future needs of phosphorous industry. This is owing to the excessive consumption of the global reserves of high-grade phosphate deposits. Phosphate flotation using mixed collectors has been proved to give greater selectivity and high recovery of apatite comparing with fatty acids, which require selective depressant to be effective. However, the recovery of apatite from gangue minerals does not only rely on the selection of flotation reagents, but also the adsorption mechanism all together with solution chemistry. Accordingly, the current paper reviews the froth flotation studies conducted on phosphate ores, with highlighting the crucial role and optimization of collector types, depressants, and pH. Also, this review will provide some directions as an encouragement to the phosphate industries for the valorization of phosphorus from low-grade phosphate ore.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2021
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2020
Moroccan high-grade phosphate has so far always been upgraded by reverse flotation. Within a majo... more Moroccan high-grade phosphate has so far always been upgraded by reverse flotation. Within a major project to go back to the deposits considered as sterile or low grade, this preliminary study was conducted in a micro-flotation cell to find new routes for their beneficiation by direct flotation. Three collectors, alone and combined to modifiers, were evaluated for a potential direct flotation of apatite from calcite and quartz minerals. The obtained results demonstrated that sodium oleate (NaOl) and ATRAC 50S have an affinity toward both apatite and calcite, but not quartz. In the opposite, Phospholan PE 169 has an affinity toward the three minerals even when it is combined with depressants. NaOl and ATRAC 50S flotation selectivity of apatite can be improved by their combination at dosages of 5.56 to 3.7 mg/L sodium alginate or CMC at pH 9.5. Apatite recovery exceeded 95%, and calcite buoyancy decreased from about 50% to only 19.20% and 19.39% using sodium alginate and CMC as prior depressants, respectively. On the other hand, when ethylene glycol was added as a synergist with the collector ATRAC 50S and sodium alginate as a depressant, 78.10% apatite recovery was obtained with 23.78% and 1.47% for calcite and quartz, respectively. These results were correlated to adsorption tests, zeta potential measurements, and FTIR analysis.
Environmental Pollution, 2019
Environmental Pollution, 2017
Many questions about the soil pollution due to mining activities have been analyzed by numerous m... more Many questions about the soil pollution due to mining activities have been analyzed by numerous methods which help to evaluate the dispersion of the Metallic Trace Elements (MTE) in the soil and stream sediments of the abandoned mine of Kettara (Morocco). The transport of these MTE could have an important role in the degradation of groundwater and the health of people who are living in the vicinity. The present paper aims to evaluate the groundwater samples from 15 hydrogeological wells. This evaluation concerns the hydrogeological parameters, pH, Electrical conductivity, temperature and the groundwater level, and the geochemical assessment of Mg,
Mine Water and the Environment, 2015
ABSTRACT Abstract Hydrogeological and geochemical studies of the Ketarra abandoned mine watershed... more ABSTRACT Abstract Hydrogeological and geochemical studies of the Ketarra abandoned mine watershed showed that the groundwater chemical facies is linked to the drained schist. d2H and d18O isotope analysis revealed the influence of evaporation. High levels of dissolved ions, including sulphate, in groundwater collected down-gradient of pyrrhotite tailings are evidence of acid mine drainage. However, the groundwater is low in metals and generally complies with Morocco’s drinking water standards; only wells down-gradient of the mine waste is not of good quality. Most of the groundwater is acceptable for irrigation and all of it can be used for livestock. Keywords: Groundwater _ Acid mine drainage _ Sulphide tailings _ Lithology
Mine Water and the Environment, 2017
The effect of water quality on the flotation of a complex polymetallic sulphide ore was studied u... more The effect of water quality on the flotation of a complex polymetallic sulphide ore was studied using a Doehlert-based experimental design. Flotation tests were carried out using a sulphide ore provided by the Guemassa-Marrakech mining company, Morocco (MCG), using simulated tailings dam water. The optimal results, with a galena recovery of 86% and selectivity, relative to chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrrhotite at 58, 63, and 68%, respectively, were reached with a water quality of 5 mg/L Cu2+, 13 mg/L Zn2+, 1390 mg/L Ca2+, 140 mg/L Mg2+, 4130 mg/L SO42−, and 13 mg/L PAX. These results indicate that fresh water usage could be reduced in lead circuit flotation at the MCG plant by substituting water from the tailings dam.ZusammenfassungDie Auswirkungen der Wasserqualität auf die Flotation des polymetallischen Sulfid Erzes wurden untersucht mit Hilfe des DOEHLERT basierten Ansatzes. Flotation Tests wurde mit Sulfid Erzen der Guemassa Marrakech Bergbaugesellschaft Marokko (MCG) und künstlichen Flotationsteich Wässern durchgeführt. Das beste Ergebnis mit einem Ausbringen von 86% aus dem Bleierz, bezogen auf den Kupferkies 58%, Zinkblende 62% und Magnetkies 68%, wurden erreicht mit einer Wasserqualität von 5mg/L Cu2+, 13 mg/L Zn2+, 1390 mg/L Ca2+, 140 mg/L Mg2+, 4230 mg/L SO42- und 13 mg/L PAX. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Frischwasser in der Bleiflotationsstufe der MCG ersetzt werden kann durch Wasser der Flotationsteiche.ResumenEl efecto de la calidad del agua sobre la flotación de un mineral sulfurado polimetálico se estudió a través del diseno experimental basado en Doehlert. Los ensayos de flotación se hicieron con un mineral sulfurado proveniente de la compania minera Guemassa-Marrakech, Marruecos (MCG), usando el agua que simulaba la del dique de colas. Los resultados óptimos, con una recuperación de galena del 86% y selectividad, relativa a calcopirita, esfalerita y pirrotita de 58, 63 y 68%, respectivamente, se alcanzaron con agua de 5 mg/L Cu2+, 13 mg/L Zn2+, 1390 mg/L Ca2+, 140 mg/L Mg2+, 4130 mg/L SO42- y 13 mg/L PAX. Estos resultados indican que el uso de agua fresca puede ser reducido en el circuito de flotación en la planta MCG sustituyéndola por agua de los diques de cola.抽象应用基于Doehlert试验设计(Doehlert-based experimental design)的优化方法研究了水质对复合多金属硫化物浮选工艺的影响。以摩洛哥Guemassa-Marrakech矿业公司(MCG)提供的硫化物和模拟尾矿坝水进行浮选试验。优化浮选水质为Cu2+、Zn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-和PAX浓度分别为5mg/L、13mg/L、1390 mg/L、140mg/L、4130mg/L和13mg/L;同时,相对于黄铜矿、闪锌矿和磁黄铁矿58%、63%和68%的回收率,方铅矿选择性回收率可达86%。研究结果表明,MCG厂可通过利用尾矿水减少铅循环浮选工艺淡水使用。
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 2013
Chalcopyrite concentrate from Hajar Mine, Morocco, was leached with nitro-fluosilicic acid leach ... more Chalcopyrite concentrate from Hajar Mine, Morocco, was leached with nitro-fluosilicic acid leach solution. The pregnant leach solution obtained contained 19.3 g/dm 3 Cu, 18.1 g/dm 3 Fe, 4.5 g/dm 3 Zn and 0.03 g/dm 3 Pb. Copper recovery from this pregnant leach liquor was performed by solvent extrac- tion using Acorga M5397 diluted in Escaid 110. McCabe-Thiele distribution isotherms showed that at pH 1.7 complete and selective copper extraction can be achieved with φo/φa =1.5/1 in 3 stages of extraction. Stripping of the loaded copper by treating the organic phases by a fresh sulphuric acid solution was easily realized.
In order to assess the relationship between the groundwater mineralization of Roc-Blanc watershed... more In order to assess the relationship between the groundwater mineralization of Roc-Blanc watershed (Morocco), lithology, fracturation and abandoned mine tailings in the area, a multidisciplinary work was conducted by using the geochemical assessment approaches. Geological and hydrochemical results showed the following: (i) the main direction of fractures and the groundwater flow investigations reveal hydrogeological structures as dividing axis according to the SE and NW directions; (ii) correlations between the principal elements (Cl−, SO42−; Na+, Cl−) indicate that the mineralization of the Roc-Blanc groundwater is deduced from sulphates, chlorides and alkaline formations and iii) the dissolution of carbonate, gypsum and anhydrite constitutes the principal source of the mineralization processes. The saturation index shows that dissolution of gypsum and anhydrite is one of the origins of sulphates and calcium in the water resources of the study area. Abandoned mine tailings have no e...
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
Arabian Journal of Geosciences volume 13, Article number: 1252, 2020
Moroccan high-grade phosphate has so far always been upgraded by reverse flotation. Within a majo... more Moroccan high-grade phosphate has so far always been upgraded by reverse flotation. Within a major project to go back to the deposits considered as sterile or low grade, this preliminary study was conducted in a micro-flotation cell to find new routes for their beneficiation by direct flotation. Three collectors, alone and combined to modifiers, were evaluated for a potential direct flotation of apatite from calcite and quartz minerals. The obtained results demonstrated that sodium oleate (NaOl) and ATRAC 50S have an affinity toward both apatite and calcite, but not quartz. In the opposite, Phospholan PE 169 has an affinity toward the three minerals even when it is combined with depressants. NaOl and ATRAC 50S flotation selectivity of apatite can be improved by their combination at dosages of 5.56 to 3.7 mg/L sodium alginate or CMC at pH 9.5. Apatite recovery exceeded 95%, and calcite buoyancy decreased from about 50% to only 19.20% and 19.39% using sodium alginate and CMC as prior ...
Arabian Journal of Geosciences volume 13, Article number: 1252, 2020
Moroccan high-grade phosphate has so far always been upgraded by reverse flotation. Within a majo... more Moroccan high-grade phosphate has so far always been upgraded by reverse flotation. Within a major project to go back to the deposits considered as sterile or low grade, this preliminary study was conducted in a micro-flotation cell to find new routes for their beneficiation by direct flotation. Three collectors, alone and combined to modifiers, were evaluated for a potential direct flotation of apatite from calcite and quartz minerals. The obtained results demonstrated that sodium oleate (NaOl) and ATRAC 50S have an affinity toward both apatite and calcite, but not quartz. In the opposite, Phospholan PE 169 has an affinity toward the three minerals even when it is combined with depressants. NaOl and ATRAC 50S flotation selectivity of apatite can be improved by their combination at dosages of 5.56 to 3.7 mg/L sodium alginate or CMC at pH 9.5. Apatite recovery exceeded 95%, and calcite buoyancy decreased from about 50% to only 19.20% and 19.39% using sodium alginate and CMC as prior ...