KENNEDY ONKWARE - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by KENNEDY ONKWARE

African journal of empirical research, Nov 12, 2023

In recent years, informal peace committees have rapidly made their mark, either as precautionary ... more In recent years, informal peace committees have rapidly made their mark, either as precautionary or as response mechanisms to particular conflicts globally. Their main purpose is to prevent the eruption or escalation of nascent micro-level conflict into violent and more widespread crises. There is an upsurge of women's socioeconomic conflicts despite the conflict prevention initiatives that have been put forward along Lake Victoria shores. The study objective was to examine the nature and extent of informal peace committees along Lake Victoria Shores, Kisumu County. The study was anchored on a conceptual framework and utilised conflict transformation theory and Galtung Peace Theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study was conducted in Kisumu County. The study used both probability and non-probability sampling techniques. The target population consisted of the following groups of respondents: fishermen and fish traders (3200) from Dunga, Ogal, and Nyamware beaches (men and women), state security officers, 1 county commissioner and county commander (1), sub-county commanders, chiefs (3), assistant chiefs (3), beach managers (3), the county fisheries department (15), victims of socioeconomic conflicts (778), and community members. Findings showed that the magnitude of resource-based conflicts in the area was high. The study also revealed that, despite several challenges faced by informal peace committees, they have demonstrated their ability to prevent the eruption or escalation of nascent micro-level conflict into violent and more widespread women's socioeconomic conflicts along Lake Victoria shores in Kisumu County, Kenya. Lack of legal and policy framework, lack of funds, and illiteracy are serious challenges affecting informal peace committees. The study concluded that informal peace committees are often small and simple initiatives, yet effective and sustainable.

African journal of empirical research, Aug 16, 2023

Global journal of interdisciplinary social sciences, 2015

Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) incursion into Somalia on October 14, 2011, was in pursuit of Al-Shaba... more Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) incursion into Somalia on October 14, 2011, was in pursuit of Al-Shabaab, the Al-Qaeda linked Somali terrorist cell group that had abducted foreign aid workers and tourists in Kenya. Since (KDF) October preemptive and preventive attack in Somalia, Al-Shabaab terrorists have executed a number of violent attacks in Kenyan territory like in Westgate mall in Nairobi in September 2013, in which 67 people were killed, Mpeketoni and Poromoko villages of Lamu County on June 16 and 17,where more than 60 people were butchered in cold blood, Mandera on 22 November 2014 in which 28 bus passengers were shot dead for not being able to recite the Koran, in Mandera again on Dec 2, 2014,where 36 quarry workers were killed and Garissa University College and taken responsibility. After the Garissa University College terror attack where 148 people were killed on 2 April, 2015, it has become crystal clear that Kenya has a domestic radicalization problem of its own. Kenyan nationals have conducted a number of recent terrorist attacks in Kenya, with many of them receiving military training from Al-Shabaab in neighboring Somalia. Radical clerics in mosques in Coast Counties, North Eastern Counties and Nairobi County, have recruited youths in Kenya for militancy. This is a desk top research, where we give details of recent terrorist attacks in Kenya and also identifies the factors behind the radicalisation of youths in Kenya.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Oct 26, 2022

Journal of Higher Education in Africa

Past studies have shown that the increased enrolment of students in public universities has not b... more Past studies have shown that the increased enrolment of students in public universities has not been matched with supporting human and technical resources. This has affected the quality of teaching and learning. This article examines pedagogical approaches in the context of mass expansion of tertiary education in selected public universities in Kenya. Further, the authors explore how managers within these institutions support academic staff in pedagogical innovations. The results from a survey of selected public universities showed that certain teaching and learning pedagogies have been favoured and used in these institutions to accommodate the increasing number of students. Further, although the study shows that there is an effort on the side of university lecturers and managers to use and/or support pedagogies that favour the large number of students, there are bottlenecks that are currently beyond their control. These include inadequate funding, staffing, and physical facilities,...

Acta Scientific Nutritional Health, 2019

Nutrition is an essential part of the HIV care package. Improved nutrition is not enough in itsel... more Nutrition is an essential part of the HIV care package. Improved nutrition is not enough in itself to keep people permanently healthy. Nevertheless, good nutrition may help prolong the period of time between HIV infection and the onset of opportunistic infections. In some communities affordable food supplementation may be feasible and it can have a positive impact on body composition and weight. Nutrition plays an important role in regard to the provision of antiretroviral treatment [1].

Historical Research Letter, 2016

The objective of this paper was to Asses strategies for managing intrastate conflicts and mitigat... more The objective of this paper was to Asses strategies for managing intrastate conflicts and mitigating human rights violation in the Republic of Sudan. The study design adopted was descriptive research that incorporated both, document analysis, quantitative and qualitative techniques. The findings showed that ahigh proportion (77%) of the respondents rated CPA’s contribution as a peace initiative to Republic of Sudan’s internal conflicts as average and above. The findings further revealed that the CPA’s contribution towards Republic of Sudan’s internal conflict had a significant effect on human right enforcement in Republic of Sudan. CPA and Referendum are the most popular peace initiatives in Republic of Sudan that has led to reduction of internal conflicts in Sudan. According to the findings of this study. Not all peace initiatives were successfully in contributing significantly positive to resolving conflicts in the republic of Sudan. Initiatives such as ACPP and referendum did no...

Journal of Defense …

This article starts from the assumption that piracy resembles terrorism in many aspects and attem... more This article starts from the assumption that piracy resembles terrorism in many aspects and attempts to support it through both a theoretical investigation and practical examples. The argument it makes is that Somali pirates should be prosecuted as terrorists. Moreover, it emphasizes the idea that for Somalia's neighboring countries and not only the implementation of such an approach consists in resorting to the antiterrorist conventions already in place. Thus, for example, Kenya Navy as a piracyfi ghting agency should rely on these conventions to justify the capture and prosecution of pirates in Kenyan courts. In this respect, we emphasize the idea that only by resorting to an established international legal framework can Kenya identify the tools to counter pirates' actions within legal limits. Moreover, this should be paralleled by efforts towards rebuilding Somalia and its institutions if long-term solutions are to be envisaged in the eradication of piracy in the Indian Ocean. In conclusion, the article looks at the concepts of piracy, terrorism and development in the Horn of Africa, suggests that piracy is a form of Terrorism and, makes a series of recommendations.

A major challenge facing student affairs’ administration is management of students’ conflicts. St... more A major challenge facing student affairs’ administration is management of students’ conflicts. Students’ in Kenyan public universities inadvertently resort to rioting and destructive behavior to resolve their conflicts. This has been detrimental to the teaching and learning environment. The rationale for this study was to examine the types of peace initiative programmes in Kenyan public universities and their effectiveness in managing students’ conflicts. The study utilized the evaluation and correlational research designs. The study respondents were 478 students, 25 key respondents and 40 participants in focused group discussions sampled from five public universities in Kenya. Qualitative data was thematically analyzed while quantitative data was inferentially analyzed using the chi-square test for correlation and independence. The study established that, peace initiative programmes are varied in type and effectiveness. The Chi-Square test showed that there was a highly significant...

Journal of Defense Resources Management, 2013

War causes and conduct have fascinated war planners, war executors and scholars for a long time b... more War causes and conduct have fascinated war planners, war executors and scholars for a long time because little attention has been given to how wars are ended. This oversight is apparent not only in historical accounts of warfare but, more importantly, in contemporary analyses and doctrinal formulations of deterrence and overall defense policies. Just as historians have focused on how wars begin and are fought, military analysts and planners have concentrated on infl uencing the initiation and conduct of warfare rather than on analyzing the process and requirements for terminating warfare on acceptable terms and at acceptable costs. Confl ict termination is the formal end of fi ghting, not the end of confl ict. Despite the volumes of research and literature on the subject, belligerents mismanage war termination. The major objective of wartime strategy is defeating enemy arms as quickly as possible with the least cost in friendly casualties. As long as hostilities endure, diplomacy is subordinated to military requirements. War termination planning, as it is currently accomplished, takes the form of civil affair planning on the details of how the vanquished will be managed following the capitulation of the enemy and cessation of hostilities. We argue that Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) prudently terminated its war with the terrorists group Al-Shabaab that merged with Al-Qaeda when they agreed to be integrated into the African Union Mission for Somalia (AMISOM) which is backed up by the United Nations.

Egerton Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, 2010

Since the entry of the Kenyan defence forces (KDF) into Somalia, it was expected that Kenya would... more Since the entry of the Kenyan defence forces (KDF) into Somalia, it was expected that Kenya would suffer blows of reprisal attacks from her neighbour. Even before it started, the military expedition was met by a series of threats from the Al-Shabaab that it would attack Kenya if it dared send its forces to Somalia [1]. Kenya Defence Forces’ (KDF) preemptive and preventive actions were justifi ed after the terrorist group Al-Shabaab performed a series of kidnappings and cross-border incursions into Kenya, all of which threatened security and the lucrative tourism industry in East Africa’s largest economy [2]. Towards the end of 2011 events like the kidnapping of two foreigners and the killing of another in the Kenyan resorts on the east coast, the abduction of two aid workers from the Dadaab refugee camp, and the attack against Kenyan soldiers in cross-border raids raised a lot of concern for the Kenyan THE REPRISAL ATTACKS BY AL-SHABAAB AGAINST KENYA

Al-Shabaab terrorist group's series of kidnappings and cross-border incursions into Kenya thr... more Al-Shabaab terrorist group's series of kidnappings and cross-border incursions into Kenya threatened security and the lucrative tourism industry in East Africa's largest economy. Towards the end of 2011 events like the kidnapping of two foreigners and the killing of another in the Kenyan resorts on the east coast, the abduction of two aid workers from the Dadaab refugee camp, and the attack against Kenyan soldiers in cross-border raids raised a lot of concern for the Kenyan government. Consequently, the latter decided that the national security interest of Kenya had to be protected. As a result, the decision of the government was to go to war against Al-Shabaab. This prompted the Kenya Defence Forces' (KDF) incursion to Somalia in a pre-emptive and preventive campaign aimed at fl ushing out Al-Shabaab from this country. The campaign took off in mid-October 2011 and it was dubbed "Operation Linda Nchi", Swahili for "Protect the country'. In this article...

International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention

Gender disparity pervades global society due to socio-cultural practices that tend to disfavor gi... more Gender disparity pervades global society due to socio-cultural practices that tend to disfavor girls. Despite previous humanitarian responses, girl-child education still has numerous constraints due to socio-cultural practices. This situation exacerbates doubly during humanitarian emergencies. South Sudanese girls are often denied the same educational opportunities as boys in Kakuma Camp due to cultural attitudes and poverty. The general objective of the study was to investigate the socio-cultural practices affecting humanitarian response towards girl-child education among South Sudanese of Kakuma camp, Kenya. the study was underpinned by a conceptual framework anchored on two theories, namely, socio-cultural theory and theory of Change. The study utilized a descriptive survey research design and evaluative research design. The study was conducted in Kakuma refugee camp, located in Northwestern Kenya. The target population included girls in schools within the refugee camp. The study...

African Journal of Empirical Research

The issue of drug and substance abuse has become a major concern in Kenya, particularly in the co... more The issue of drug and substance abuse has become a major concern in Kenya, particularly in the coastal region. In response, the government has implemented various programs to mitigate the problem. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the government's programs for mitigating drug and substance abuse in the Kilifi and Mombasa counties of the coastal region of Kenya. Social learning theory and functionalism theory served as the study's guiding principles. The study was further underpinned by the interpretivism approach. The study used descriptive and evaluative research designs, with data collected through interviews and focus group discussions. The study was conducted in Kilifi and Mombasa Counties. Data was collected from 552 respondents, who included 384 household heads, 20 victims, 2 county education officers, 2 county commissioners, 2 county health officers, 70 administrative chiefs, 102 village elders, 9 senior NACADA officers, and 8 religious leaders. The data col...

International Journal of …, 2012

The discourse of this paper is on theoretical perspectives on mechanisms applied by selected trad... more The discourse of this paper is on theoretical perspectives on mechanisms applied by selected traditional Kenyan ethnic groups to induct, control and check sexual behavior of adolescents. The sexual behavior of the adolescents has been an area of concern for a long time to societies through out the globe. In Kenya, traditional societies had premised this concern on the understanding that if not checked; sexual behavior of adolescents could not only jeopardize the social order but also the overall functioning of the society. In view of this, majority of traditional Kenyan cultural groups are documented to have applied elaborate mechanisms of socializing, controlling and regulating sexual behavior of the adolescents until they became of age. These control mechanisms varied cross culturally but each society endeavored to produce a well adapted young person, with standard morals and keen to perpetuate it. While majority of the societies enacted strict restrictive measures to regulate and check adolescent sexual behavior, only one cultural group in Kenya allowed adolescents to express as well as, get involved sexually.

On the understanding that many scholarly work exist on the challenges of public policy, the appro... more On the understanding that many scholarly work exist on the challenges of public policy, the approach to these have been conventional type of outlining such. The authors of this paper chooses to interrogate the challenges of public policy formulation and evaluation using the questions what it is, who is involved, how it is conducted, and when/why. By asking these questions, a number of challenges are identified and this seems to add some knowledge to the understanding of challenges to students Public Policy, Political Science, Social Studies, and the general readership including practitioners in policy issues. This paper further expands public policy to entail even international policy. Keywords: Public Policy, Administration, Policy Analysis, Policy Formulation, Policy Evaluation

International Journal of Gender Studies

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of women’s peace building activities and mitigation of electoral ... more Purpose: To evaluate the effect of women’s peace building activities and mitigation of electoral conflicts in Nairobi County, Kenya. Methodology: The study used descriptive research design. The study focused on the individual women who were involved in peace building activities. Data was gathered through questionnaires, interviews, and FGDs. In total, the researcher conducted 17 FGDs, consisting of 8-12 people. A total of 386 respondents filled the semi structured questionnaire. Simple random sampling was used to select the respondents to fill the questionnaire. Purposive sampling was used to select the members to participate in the FGDs. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 22) was used to analyze quantitative data. Percentages, frequencies, figures, bar charts, pie charts and tables were used to present results. Qualitative data was analyzed using coding and thematic analysis. Results were presented in form of themes and verbatim. Results: Conflicts mainly take pa...

Sociology and Anthropology

and anthropology, maseno university, private bag 40105, maseno, Kenya 2 Dept. of disaster interve... more and anthropology, maseno university, private bag 40105, maseno, Kenya 2 Dept. of disaster intervention and humanitarian assistance, masinde muliro university of science and technology, 50100, Kakamega,