K. Kihm - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by K. Kihm

Research paper thumbnail of Droplet Size Distributions of Heat Transfer Fluid Aerosols in Air

PresentationHeat transfer fluids are widely used in the chemical process industry and are availab... more PresentationHeat transfer fluids are widely used in the chemical process industry and are available in a wide range of properties. These fluids are flammable above their flash points and can cause explosions. Though the possibility of aerosol explosions has been widely documented, knowledge about the explosive potential of such aerosols is limited. The aerosol droplet size distributions of heat transfer fluids must be studied to characterize their explosion hazards. Current research by the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center involves non- intrusive measurement of such aerosol sprays using a Malvern Instrument Diffraction Particle Analyzer. The aerosol is generated by plain orifice atomization to simulate the formation and dispersion of heat transfer fluid aerosols through leaks in process equipment. A predictive model to relate the characteristic aerosol droplet size to bulk liquid pressure, temperature, fluid properties, orifice size and ambient conditions will be developed. Th...

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Research paper thumbnail of Study of Thermal Boundary Layers Occurring Around the Leading Edge of a Vertical Isothermal Wall Using Speckle Photography

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Research paper thumbnail of EVAPORATING CAPILLARY PORE FLOWS RANGING FROM 10-mm TO 10-μm DIAMETER

Journal of Heat Transfer, 2001

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Research paper thumbnail of Suggestive correctional methods for PIV image biasing caused by a rotating mirror system

Experiments in Fluids, 1996

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Research paper thumbnail of Temperature dependence of the near-wall oscillation of microcantilevers submerged in liquid environment

Applied Physics Letters, 2007

This letter presents theoretical and experimental investigations of the temperature effects (30-7... more This letter presents theoretical and experimental investigations of the temperature effects (30-70 °C) on the frequency responses of three different microcantilevers [thickness (h)/length (L)2=34.7,141,275 m-1] near a solid surface in aqueous liquid. The peak resonance response frequency shifts in the near-wall region are dominated by the temperature effects associated with the pronounced viscous dissipative effect of liquid. A relatively short and thick cantilever with a large value of h/L2 demonstrates higher thermal sensitivity Deltaf/DeltaT in the near-wall region.

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Research paper thumbnail of Proceedings of the ASME Heat Transfer Division. Volume 3: Experimental studies in multiphase flow; Multiphase flow in porous media; Experimental multiphase flows and numerical simulation of two-phase flows; Fundamental aspects of experimental methods; HTD-Volume 334

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Research paper thumbnail of Making a difference in smoking cessation interventions

Imprint

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Research paper thumbnail of Label-free and real-time imaging of microscale mixture concentration fields using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) reflectance

A label-free visualization technique is presented based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reflec... more A label-free visualization technique is presented based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reflectance sensing. The developed SPR imaging system is applied for the nonintrusive and real-time mapping of microscale mixture concentration fields. The key idea is that the SPR reflectance sensitively varies with the refractive index of the near-wall region of the test field contacting the thin metal (Au) layer. The Fresnel equation, based on Kretschmann's theory, correlates the SPR reflectance with the refractive index of the test medium and with the mixture concentration. An example application is presented for the case of ethanol penetrating into water contained in a micro-channel with a rectangular cross-section of 91-micrometer wide and 50-micrometer high. The measurement sensitivity, uncertainties and detection limitations of the implemented SPR imaging sensor are carefully examined for its potential as a nonintrusive means of microscale concentration field mapping.

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Research paper thumbnail of Entrained sprays from meshed-interface occurring in a heat pipe

Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 1994

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Research paper thumbnail of PIV flow measurements for heat transfer characterization in two-pass square channels with smooth and 90° ribbed walls

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2002

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments have been carried out to study the correlation betwe... more Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments have been carried out to study the correlation between the high-Reynolds number turbulent flow and wall heat transfer characteristics in a two-pass square channel with a smooth wall and a 90° rib-roughened wall. Detailed ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of transient turbulent flow fields using digital cinematographic particle image velocimetry

Experiments in Fluids, 2001

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Research paper thumbnail of Study of laminar thermal boundary layers occurring around the leading edge of a vertical isothermal wall using a specklegram technique

Experiments in Fluids, 1992

The influence of a 45 degree leading edge on the development of a thermal boundary layer on a ver... more The influence of a 45 degree leading edge on the development of a thermal boundary layer on a vertical isothermal wall has been investigated by measuring detailed temperature profiles with a He- Ne laser specklegram technique. A digital image processor was employed to improve the accuracy in evaluating the space of fringes, which were constructed from the specklegram. A matrix

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Research paper thumbnail of Image blurring of the test section boundary in a laser specklegram technique measuring temperature gradients of the compressible medium

Applied Optics, 1992

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Research paper thumbnail of Image blurring of the test section boundary in a laser specklegram technique measuring temperature gradients of the compressible medium

Applied Optics, 1992

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Research paper thumbnail of Optical tomography using a genetic algorithm

Optics Letters, 1996

A new tomographic image reconstruction method is proposed that uses a genetic algorithm (GA), a r... more A new tomographic image reconstruction method is proposed that uses a genetic algorithm (GA), a robust optimization algorithm based on the genetic principle of natural selection. For the purpose of description, a simple axisymmetric reference density field is reconstructed from its interferometric projection by the developed GA-based tomography. This preliminary investigation shows a promising potential of the GA-based tomography to overcome the problems associated with other existing tomographic methods, particularly for limited projections.

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Research paper thumbnail of Optical tomography using a genetic algorithm

Optics Letters, 1996

A new tomographic image reconstruction method is proposed that uses a genetic algorithm (GA), a r... more A new tomographic image reconstruction method is proposed that uses a genetic algorithm (GA), a robust optimization algorithm based on the genetic principle of natural selection. For the purpose of description, a simple axisymmetric reference density field is reconstructed from its interferometric projection by the developed GA-based tomography. This preliminary investigation shows a promising potential of the GA-based tomography to overcome the problems associated with other existing tomographic methods, particularly for limited projections.

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of adsorption-induced surface stress change on the stiffness of a microcantilever used as a salinity detection sensor

Applied Physics Letters, 2008

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Research paper thumbnail of Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Entrainment in Capillary Pumped Wicking Structures

Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 1993

Analytical and experimental investigations were conducted to identify and better understand the p... more Analytical and experimental investigations were conducted to identify and better understand the parameters that govern the entrainment of liquid droplets in high-velocity gas streams flowing over capillary wicking structures. Using a flow visualization technique, two modes of entrainment were identified and described for high-velocity gas flows over an intermittently interrupted liquid surface. These two modes, roll-wave entrainment and stripping entrainment, were found to correspond to the lower and upper critical gas velocities, respectively. Measurements of the critical gas velocities and the droplet size distribution (Sauter mean diameter) of the entrained sprays were made as a function of the capillary pore size for three different mesh sizes and were compared with several analytical models developed in previous investigations. The flow visualization results indicate that the upper critical velocity is insensitive to variations in the capillary pumping rate provided the capilla...

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Research paper thumbnail of Measurements of the minimum elevation of nano-particles by 3D nanoscale tracking using ratiometric evanescent wave imaging

Experiments in Fluids, 2006

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Research paper thumbnail of Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Measurements Using Optical Sectioning by Confocal Microscopy: Flow Around a Moving Air Bubble in a Micro-Channel

Heat Transfer, Volume 2, 2002

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Research paper thumbnail of Droplet Size Distributions of Heat Transfer Fluid Aerosols in Air

PresentationHeat transfer fluids are widely used in the chemical process industry and are availab... more PresentationHeat transfer fluids are widely used in the chemical process industry and are available in a wide range of properties. These fluids are flammable above their flash points and can cause explosions. Though the possibility of aerosol explosions has been widely documented, knowledge about the explosive potential of such aerosols is limited. The aerosol droplet size distributions of heat transfer fluids must be studied to characterize their explosion hazards. Current research by the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center involves non- intrusive measurement of such aerosol sprays using a Malvern Instrument Diffraction Particle Analyzer. The aerosol is generated by plain orifice atomization to simulate the formation and dispersion of heat transfer fluid aerosols through leaks in process equipment. A predictive model to relate the characteristic aerosol droplet size to bulk liquid pressure, temperature, fluid properties, orifice size and ambient conditions will be developed. Th...

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Research paper thumbnail of Study of Thermal Boundary Layers Occurring Around the Leading Edge of a Vertical Isothermal Wall Using Speckle Photography

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of EVAPORATING CAPILLARY PORE FLOWS RANGING FROM 10-mm TO 10-μm DIAMETER

Journal of Heat Transfer, 2001

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Suggestive correctional methods for PIV image biasing caused by a rotating mirror system

Experiments in Fluids, 1996

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Temperature dependence of the near-wall oscillation of microcantilevers submerged in liquid environment

Applied Physics Letters, 2007

This letter presents theoretical and experimental investigations of the temperature effects (30-7... more This letter presents theoretical and experimental investigations of the temperature effects (30-70 °C) on the frequency responses of three different microcantilevers [thickness (h)/length (L)2=34.7,141,275 m-1] near a solid surface in aqueous liquid. The peak resonance response frequency shifts in the near-wall region are dominated by the temperature effects associated with the pronounced viscous dissipative effect of liquid. A relatively short and thick cantilever with a large value of h/L2 demonstrates higher thermal sensitivity Deltaf/DeltaT in the near-wall region.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Proceedings of the ASME Heat Transfer Division. Volume 3: Experimental studies in multiphase flow; Multiphase flow in porous media; Experimental multiphase flows and numerical simulation of two-phase flows; Fundamental aspects of experimental methods; HTD-Volume 334

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Making a difference in smoking cessation interventions

Imprint

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Label-free and real-time imaging of microscale mixture concentration fields using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) reflectance

A label-free visualization technique is presented based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reflec... more A label-free visualization technique is presented based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reflectance sensing. The developed SPR imaging system is applied for the nonintrusive and real-time mapping of microscale mixture concentration fields. The key idea is that the SPR reflectance sensitively varies with the refractive index of the near-wall region of the test field contacting the thin metal (Au) layer. The Fresnel equation, based on Kretschmann's theory, correlates the SPR reflectance with the refractive index of the test medium and with the mixture concentration. An example application is presented for the case of ethanol penetrating into water contained in a micro-channel with a rectangular cross-section of 91-micrometer wide and 50-micrometer high. The measurement sensitivity, uncertainties and detection limitations of the implemented SPR imaging sensor are carefully examined for its potential as a nonintrusive means of microscale concentration field mapping.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Entrained sprays from meshed-interface occurring in a heat pipe

Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 1994

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of PIV flow measurements for heat transfer characterization in two-pass square channels with smooth and 90° ribbed walls

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2002

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments have been carried out to study the correlation betwe... more Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments have been carried out to study the correlation between the high-Reynolds number turbulent flow and wall heat transfer characteristics in a two-pass square channel with a smooth wall and a 90° rib-roughened wall. Detailed ...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of transient turbulent flow fields using digital cinematographic particle image velocimetry

Experiments in Fluids, 2001

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Study of laminar thermal boundary layers occurring around the leading edge of a vertical isothermal wall using a specklegram technique

Experiments in Fluids, 1992

The influence of a 45 degree leading edge on the development of a thermal boundary layer on a ver... more The influence of a 45 degree leading edge on the development of a thermal boundary layer on a vertical isothermal wall has been investigated by measuring detailed temperature profiles with a He- Ne laser specklegram technique. A digital image processor was employed to improve the accuracy in evaluating the space of fringes, which were constructed from the specklegram. A matrix

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Image blurring of the test section boundary in a laser specklegram technique measuring temperature gradients of the compressible medium

Applied Optics, 1992

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Image blurring of the test section boundary in a laser specklegram technique measuring temperature gradients of the compressible medium

Applied Optics, 1992

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Optical tomography using a genetic algorithm

Optics Letters, 1996

A new tomographic image reconstruction method is proposed that uses a genetic algorithm (GA), a r... more A new tomographic image reconstruction method is proposed that uses a genetic algorithm (GA), a robust optimization algorithm based on the genetic principle of natural selection. For the purpose of description, a simple axisymmetric reference density field is reconstructed from its interferometric projection by the developed GA-based tomography. This preliminary investigation shows a promising potential of the GA-based tomography to overcome the problems associated with other existing tomographic methods, particularly for limited projections.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Optical tomography using a genetic algorithm

Optics Letters, 1996

A new tomographic image reconstruction method is proposed that uses a genetic algorithm (GA), a r... more A new tomographic image reconstruction method is proposed that uses a genetic algorithm (GA), a robust optimization algorithm based on the genetic principle of natural selection. For the purpose of description, a simple axisymmetric reference density field is reconstructed from its interferometric projection by the developed GA-based tomography. This preliminary investigation shows a promising potential of the GA-based tomography to overcome the problems associated with other existing tomographic methods, particularly for limited projections.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of adsorption-induced surface stress change on the stiffness of a microcantilever used as a salinity detection sensor

Applied Physics Letters, 2008

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Entrainment in Capillary Pumped Wicking Structures

Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 1993

Analytical and experimental investigations were conducted to identify and better understand the p... more Analytical and experimental investigations were conducted to identify and better understand the parameters that govern the entrainment of liquid droplets in high-velocity gas streams flowing over capillary wicking structures. Using a flow visualization technique, two modes of entrainment were identified and described for high-velocity gas flows over an intermittently interrupted liquid surface. These two modes, roll-wave entrainment and stripping entrainment, were found to correspond to the lower and upper critical gas velocities, respectively. Measurements of the critical gas velocities and the droplet size distribution (Sauter mean diameter) of the entrained sprays were made as a function of the capillary pore size for three different mesh sizes and were compared with several analytical models developed in previous investigations. The flow visualization results indicate that the upper critical velocity is insensitive to variations in the capillary pumping rate provided the capilla...

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Research paper thumbnail of Measurements of the minimum elevation of nano-particles by 3D nanoscale tracking using ratiometric evanescent wave imaging

Experiments in Fluids, 2006

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Measurements Using Optical Sectioning by Confocal Microscopy: Flow Around a Moving Air Bubble in a Micro-Channel

Heat Transfer, Volume 2, 2002

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact