K. Kihm - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by K. Kihm
PresentationHeat transfer fluids are widely used in the chemical process industry and are availab... more PresentationHeat transfer fluids are widely used in the chemical process industry and are available in a wide range of properties. These fluids are flammable above their flash points and can cause explosions. Though the possibility of aerosol explosions has been widely documented, knowledge about the explosive potential of such aerosols is limited. The aerosol droplet size distributions of heat transfer fluids must be studied to characterize their explosion hazards. Current research by the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center involves non- intrusive measurement of such aerosol sprays using a Malvern Instrument Diffraction Particle Analyzer. The aerosol is generated by plain orifice atomization to simulate the formation and dispersion of heat transfer fluid aerosols through leaks in process equipment. A predictive model to relate the characteristic aerosol droplet size to bulk liquid pressure, temperature, fluid properties, orifice size and ambient conditions will be developed. Th...
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Journal of Heat Transfer, 2001
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Experiments in Fluids, 1996
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Applied Physics Letters, 2007
This letter presents theoretical and experimental investigations of the temperature effects (30-7... more This letter presents theoretical and experimental investigations of the temperature effects (30-70 °C) on the frequency responses of three different microcantilevers [thickness (h)/length (L)2=34.7,141,275 m-1] near a solid surface in aqueous liquid. The peak resonance response frequency shifts in the near-wall region are dominated by the temperature effects associated with the pronounced viscous dissipative effect of liquid. A relatively short and thick cantilever with a large value of h/L2 demonstrates higher thermal sensitivity Deltaf/DeltaT in the near-wall region.
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Imprint
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A label-free visualization technique is presented based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reflec... more A label-free visualization technique is presented based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reflectance sensing. The developed SPR imaging system is applied for the nonintrusive and real-time mapping of microscale mixture concentration fields. The key idea is that the SPR reflectance sensitively varies with the refractive index of the near-wall region of the test field contacting the thin metal (Au) layer. The Fresnel equation, based on Kretschmann's theory, correlates the SPR reflectance with the refractive index of the test medium and with the mixture concentration. An example application is presented for the case of ethanol penetrating into water contained in a micro-channel with a rectangular cross-section of 91-micrometer wide and 50-micrometer high. The measurement sensitivity, uncertainties and detection limitations of the implemented SPR imaging sensor are carefully examined for its potential as a nonintrusive means of microscale concentration field mapping.
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Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 1994
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International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2002
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments have been carried out to study the correlation betwe... more Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments have been carried out to study the correlation between the high-Reynolds number turbulent flow and wall heat transfer characteristics in a two-pass square channel with a smooth wall and a 90° rib-roughened wall. Detailed ...
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Experiments in Fluids, 2001
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Experiments in Fluids, 1992
The influence of a 45 degree leading edge on the development of a thermal boundary layer on a ver... more The influence of a 45 degree leading edge on the development of a thermal boundary layer on a vertical isothermal wall has been investigated by measuring detailed temperature profiles with a He- Ne laser specklegram technique. A digital image processor was employed to improve the accuracy in evaluating the space of fringes, which were constructed from the specklegram. A matrix
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Applied Optics, 1992
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Applied Optics, 1992
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Optics Letters, 1996
A new tomographic image reconstruction method is proposed that uses a genetic algorithm (GA), a r... more A new tomographic image reconstruction method is proposed that uses a genetic algorithm (GA), a robust optimization algorithm based on the genetic principle of natural selection. For the purpose of description, a simple axisymmetric reference density field is reconstructed from its interferometric projection by the developed GA-based tomography. This preliminary investigation shows a promising potential of the GA-based tomography to overcome the problems associated with other existing tomographic methods, particularly for limited projections.
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Optics Letters, 1996
A new tomographic image reconstruction method is proposed that uses a genetic algorithm (GA), a r... more A new tomographic image reconstruction method is proposed that uses a genetic algorithm (GA), a robust optimization algorithm based on the genetic principle of natural selection. For the purpose of description, a simple axisymmetric reference density field is reconstructed from its interferometric projection by the developed GA-based tomography. This preliminary investigation shows a promising potential of the GA-based tomography to overcome the problems associated with other existing tomographic methods, particularly for limited projections.
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Applied Physics Letters, 2008
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Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 1993
Analytical and experimental investigations were conducted to identify and better understand the p... more Analytical and experimental investigations were conducted to identify and better understand the parameters that govern the entrainment of liquid droplets in high-velocity gas streams flowing over capillary wicking structures. Using a flow visualization technique, two modes of entrainment were identified and described for high-velocity gas flows over an intermittently interrupted liquid surface. These two modes, roll-wave entrainment and stripping entrainment, were found to correspond to the lower and upper critical gas velocities, respectively. Measurements of the critical gas velocities and the droplet size distribution (Sauter mean diameter) of the entrained sprays were made as a function of the capillary pore size for three different mesh sizes and were compared with several analytical models developed in previous investigations. The flow visualization results indicate that the upper critical velocity is insensitive to variations in the capillary pumping rate provided the capilla...
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Experiments in Fluids, 2006
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Heat Transfer, Volume 2, 2002
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PresentationHeat transfer fluids are widely used in the chemical process industry and are availab... more PresentationHeat transfer fluids are widely used in the chemical process industry and are available in a wide range of properties. These fluids are flammable above their flash points and can cause explosions. Though the possibility of aerosol explosions has been widely documented, knowledge about the explosive potential of such aerosols is limited. The aerosol droplet size distributions of heat transfer fluids must be studied to characterize their explosion hazards. Current research by the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center involves non- intrusive measurement of such aerosol sprays using a Malvern Instrument Diffraction Particle Analyzer. The aerosol is generated by plain orifice atomization to simulate the formation and dispersion of heat transfer fluid aerosols through leaks in process equipment. A predictive model to relate the characteristic aerosol droplet size to bulk liquid pressure, temperature, fluid properties, orifice size and ambient conditions will be developed. Th...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Heat Transfer, 2001
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Experiments in Fluids, 1996
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Applied Physics Letters, 2007
This letter presents theoretical and experimental investigations of the temperature effects (30-7... more This letter presents theoretical and experimental investigations of the temperature effects (30-70 °C) on the frequency responses of three different microcantilevers [thickness (h)/length (L)2=34.7,141,275 m-1] near a solid surface in aqueous liquid. The peak resonance response frequency shifts in the near-wall region are dominated by the temperature effects associated with the pronounced viscous dissipative effect of liquid. A relatively short and thick cantilever with a large value of h/L2 demonstrates higher thermal sensitivity Deltaf/DeltaT in the near-wall region.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Imprint
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
A label-free visualization technique is presented based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reflec... more A label-free visualization technique is presented based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reflectance sensing. The developed SPR imaging system is applied for the nonintrusive and real-time mapping of microscale mixture concentration fields. The key idea is that the SPR reflectance sensitively varies with the refractive index of the near-wall region of the test field contacting the thin metal (Au) layer. The Fresnel equation, based on Kretschmann's theory, correlates the SPR reflectance with the refractive index of the test medium and with the mixture concentration. An example application is presented for the case of ethanol penetrating into water contained in a micro-channel with a rectangular cross-section of 91-micrometer wide and 50-micrometer high. The measurement sensitivity, uncertainties and detection limitations of the implemented SPR imaging sensor are carefully examined for its potential as a nonintrusive means of microscale concentration field mapping.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 1994
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2002
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments have been carried out to study the correlation betwe... more Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments have been carried out to study the correlation between the high-Reynolds number turbulent flow and wall heat transfer characteristics in a two-pass square channel with a smooth wall and a 90° rib-roughened wall. Detailed ...
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Experiments in Fluids, 2001
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Experiments in Fluids, 1992
The influence of a 45 degree leading edge on the development of a thermal boundary layer on a ver... more The influence of a 45 degree leading edge on the development of a thermal boundary layer on a vertical isothermal wall has been investigated by measuring detailed temperature profiles with a He- Ne laser specklegram technique. A digital image processor was employed to improve the accuracy in evaluating the space of fringes, which were constructed from the specklegram. A matrix
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Applied Optics, 1992
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Applied Optics, 1992
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Optics Letters, 1996
A new tomographic image reconstruction method is proposed that uses a genetic algorithm (GA), a r... more A new tomographic image reconstruction method is proposed that uses a genetic algorithm (GA), a robust optimization algorithm based on the genetic principle of natural selection. For the purpose of description, a simple axisymmetric reference density field is reconstructed from its interferometric projection by the developed GA-based tomography. This preliminary investigation shows a promising potential of the GA-based tomography to overcome the problems associated with other existing tomographic methods, particularly for limited projections.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Optics Letters, 1996
A new tomographic image reconstruction method is proposed that uses a genetic algorithm (GA), a r... more A new tomographic image reconstruction method is proposed that uses a genetic algorithm (GA), a robust optimization algorithm based on the genetic principle of natural selection. For the purpose of description, a simple axisymmetric reference density field is reconstructed from its interferometric projection by the developed GA-based tomography. This preliminary investigation shows a promising potential of the GA-based tomography to overcome the problems associated with other existing tomographic methods, particularly for limited projections.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Applied Physics Letters, 2008
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Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 1993
Analytical and experimental investigations were conducted to identify and better understand the p... more Analytical and experimental investigations were conducted to identify and better understand the parameters that govern the entrainment of liquid droplets in high-velocity gas streams flowing over capillary wicking structures. Using a flow visualization technique, two modes of entrainment were identified and described for high-velocity gas flows over an intermittently interrupted liquid surface. These two modes, roll-wave entrainment and stripping entrainment, were found to correspond to the lower and upper critical gas velocities, respectively. Measurements of the critical gas velocities and the droplet size distribution (Sauter mean diameter) of the entrained sprays were made as a function of the capillary pore size for three different mesh sizes and were compared with several analytical models developed in previous investigations. The flow visualization results indicate that the upper critical velocity is insensitive to variations in the capillary pumping rate provided the capilla...
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Experiments in Fluids, 2006
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Heat Transfer, Volume 2, 2002
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