K L PRAKASH - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by K L PRAKASH

Journal of Waste Water Treatment & Analysis, 2012

Journal of ecology and the natural environment, Jan 31, 2010

In this study, multivariate statistical techniques, such as discriminant, factor /principal compo... more In this study, multivariate statistical techniques, such as discriminant, factor /principal component and cluster analyses were applied to water quality data set monitored in pre-and post-monsoon for twenty five locations during three years to investigate seasonal and spatial variations in river water quality. The variables were mainly divided into two categories viz., nonconservative-DO, BOD, COD, nitrates and phosphates and conservative parameters-TDS, conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and sulfates. Trivial elevated values of all non conservative Characteristics in pre-monsoon and some conservative parameters (SO4, Cl) in post-monsoon period reflected contribution on temporal effect on surface water. Results of principal component analysis evinced that all the parameters equally and significantly contribute to water quality variations in the river basin for both the seasons. Factor 1 and factor 2 analysis revealed the inverse relation of DO, indicating the control of dissolved oxygen on organic load and nutrients in different seasons. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped twenty five stations into three clusters in pre-monsoon and six clusters in post-monsoon with similar water quality features. Third clustered group of former and sixth of latter consisted one station (St.25), exhibiting significant spatial variation in physico-chemical composition.

Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, Oct 31, 2010

Journal of ecology and the natural environment, Sep 30, 2009

In the newly developed and old parts of Bangalore city, municipal, domestic and industrial efflue... more In the newly developed and old parts of Bangalore city, municipal, domestic and industrial effluents are channelized into an open sewerage system. Most of the wells situated within 2 km radius of this open sewerage networks were found to be profoundly loaded with total and facal coliform. The average counts of total and facal coliform from the lake samples were 227 and 79 CFU/100 ml, 82 and 14 CFU/100 ml from the open wells and 63 and 34 CFU/100 ml from the bore wells respectively. The level of contamination is beyond the permissible limit for indicator organisms in groundwater during winter season, which can render the consumer more vulnerable to health risks.

African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Apr 30, 2010

Radiogenic isotopes (3H and 14C) and stable isotope (18O) together with TDS, EC and salinity of w... more Radiogenic isotopes (3H and 14C) and stable isotope (18O) together with TDS, EC and salinity of water were used to discriminate qualitative and quantitative groundwater age, probable recharge time, flow respectively in groundwater of Challaghatta valley, Bangalore. The variations between TDS and EC values of sewage, corporation water, bore and open wells with concomitant variations in salinity confirmed an immerse relationship with the depth of wells, Also, the source of recharge and contamination of groundwater as sewage. However, lighter 18O bearing water more commonly occurred at higher elevations and heavier at lower elevations in the entire valley presenting a clear enrichment in 18O probably due to evaporation and confirming major source of surface water as SouthWest monsoon. The groundwater samples in valley contained higher 3H except five samples (OW21, OW24, BW5, BW20 and BW24), suggesting recent recharge and categorized as modern age water. Further, from the results of 14C it is inferred that some groundwater samples in Challaghatta valley belongs to old water regime with pmC values ranging between 58 and 112.

Abstract: This paper describes the Time series analysis of river water quality with emphasis on v... more Abstract: This paper describes the Time series analysis of river water quality with emphasis on variation in parameters as evidenced by statistical approach and mathematical models. The extensive study enabled to differentiate and realize the behaviour of river and catchment’s changes induced by human activities. The Time series analysis evaluation indicated trivial variation and movement in the water quality as reflected by the changes in the catchment characteristics. Although the observed trends showed an insignificant human contribution to basin hydrology and river water chemistry, noticeable human activities and unsustainable practices steadily contributed to change in water quality from the existing long term spectral signatures to short term spectral signatures. It is inferred that short term spectral signature exhibited on temporal scale by a monitoring program of this kind reflects an insalubrious river system and long term gradual changes in spectrum is an indication of he...

Investigation of heavy metals in crystalline aquifer

The present study covers the seasonal variations in the water quality of river Cauvery at point s... more The present study covers the seasonal variations in the water quality of river Cauvery at point source pollution, from Kollegal town. The town is situated on the right bank of the river. The data is compiled statistically to study the seasonal response of the river for domestic and agriculture pollution at a point source. A slight variation was obsd. in the summer season of 1999 and 2001. There was a decrease in the av. temp. from 28.33°C to 26.66°C, and also, there were variation in Elec. Cond. and Chlorides values. The water quality changes during southwest monsoon are attributed to variations in the river flow and also the drain outfall. A high bacterial count was noticed during monsoon of 1999, which may be due to flooding of water on the areas of open defecation along the river bank.

The present communication embodies results of study on E coli bacterial contamination of drinking... more The present communication embodies results of study on E coli bacterial contamination of drinking water, a common problem in many rural areas. A total of 272 water samples from sources such as Hand Pumps, Mini Water Supply and Pipeline Water Supply were analyzed to discern the E coli distribution and salinity of the water. The random distribution of E. coli among the different sources was noticed. In Kasaba (local) hobli of Anekal taluk about 18.58 per cent of hand pumps, 40 per cent of Pipeline water supply and 46.43 per cent Mini water supply sources were affected by E. coli. In Attibele a maximum of 70.83 per cent of Mini water supply sources showed excess of E. coli than the limits prescribed for drinking water. In the case of Sarjapura hobli Pipeline water supply sources also showed excess of E. coli. The Anekal taluk as a whole showed a maximum of 56.6 per cent of Mini water supply sources and a minimum of 21 per cent of hand pumps being affected by E. coli. This may be due to...

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2021

Radon activity concentrations have been measured by analysing a total of 93 bore well water sampl... more Radon activity concentrations have been measured by analysing a total of 93 bore well water samples, geographically spread over three taluks of Yadagir district. The analysis involved usage of Durridge’s RAD7 radon analyser equipment with RAD-H2O accessories by closed loop aeration concept. Having geometric mean concentrations of 37.0, 20.75 and 9.98 Bq/L, radon concentration in 5.71, 14.29 and 6.67% groundwater samples from Yadagir (8.88 Bq/L < Rn < 160 Bq/L), Shahapur (1.98 Bq/L < Rn < 591 Bq/L) and Surpur (0.586 Bq/L < Rn < 206 Bq/L) taluks respectively exceeded the alternative maximum contaminant level (AMCL) of the USEPA (148 Bq/L). Nearly 15% of the groundwater samples had radon concentrations higher than WHO reference level of 100 Bq/L. The calculated total annual effective dose in 38.71, 44.09, and 55.92% of the samples respectively for infants, children and adults was not in consistent with WHO recommended dose level of 100 µSv/y.

Journal of Applied Geochemistry, 2015

Airborne indoor radon activity ranged from 0.0 to 67.10 Bq/m3 with an average value of 20.71 Bq/m... more Airborne indoor radon activity ranged from 0.0 to 67.10 Bq/m3 with an average value of 20.71 Bq/m3 over a period of 48 hours, which was very less compared to the respective action level values of 148 and 100 Bq/m3 prescribed by EPA (1991) and WHO (2009). The radon progeny (PAEC) concentration varied from 0.0 to 7.25 mWL (average: 2.24 ± 2.11 mWL) while their resultant lifetime fatality risk varied from 0.0 x 10−4 to 0.90 x 10−4 (average: 0.28 x 10−4). The study area is categorized as low radon risk area (<10 kBq/m3) as the soil gas radon concentration varied from 7130 to 9590 Bq/m3 (viz., 7.13 to 9.59 KBq/m3).

Application of linear regression anal. is very much significant to construct the predictive model... more Application of linear regression anal. is very much significant to construct the predictive model using the present groundwater quality data from which, helps to predict the futuristic quality of groundwater of particular area. Here, 1026 groundwater samples of 272 villages were collected and analyzed for 14 parameters for physico-chem. and biol. quality of groundwater. Karl-Pearson Correlation coeffs., r, were used and attempts were made to develop the linear regression equations (y = Ax + B) for significantly correlated parameters. The results of the linear model emphasizes a pos. and significant correlation among the water quality parameters.

The present study was taken up to assess the fluoride status of ground waters of Anekal taluk. A ... more The present study was taken up to assess the fluoride status of ground waters of Anekal taluk. A total of 272 ground water samples were analyzed for the fluoride content. In local (Kasaba) Hobli about 17.22 per cent of samples showed excess fluoride with reference to BIS standards, whereas in Attibele and Sarjapura 15.48 and 30.0 per cent respectively were rich in fluorides. A total of 17.64 percent of the samples showed high level of fluoride in Anekal taluk and are not suitable for drinking purpose. Copyright Enviromedia.

An attempt was made in the present study to given an account on possible impact of the leather ta... more An attempt was made in the present study to given an account on possible impact of the leather tanning industry on the lives of its workers of leather tanning industry in Ambur City as well as on environment. Accordingly, the workers of tannery industry near Thuthipet road and Devalapuram road, Ambur expressed that working in wet conditions, handling chemicals and reportedly stated that the chemicals inside the industry have very strong smell/ odour, which makes them dizzy at times, many a times, facing severe joint pain in the knees, eye irritation besides skin rashes and discoloration of the skin. Majority of the respondents / workers (70%) stated that their health was in poor to bad condition. Further, the semi-structured questionnaire-based interview was conducted with inhabitants in their residence and outside their residence (shops, restaurants, and temple) to apprehend the level of degradation on the environment due to the leather tanning industry through the eyes of local in...

Advances in Applied Research, 2019

Atotal of 16 bore well samples were collected from Kolar and Malur taluks and analyzed for physic... more Atotal of 16 bore well samples were collected from Kolar and Malur taluks and analyzed for physico-chemical and irrigation water quality parameters. Electrical conductivity values indicated that 37.5% of the analyzed water samples were under permissible and doubtful categories and were unsuitable for drinking and irrigation purpose. Total hardness values classified 37.5% of the samples as very hard waters while 81.25% of the samples were non-saline (< 1000 mg L−1) in nature based on total dissolved solids (TDS) levels. Among cations, concentration of alkaline earth metals (Ca+Mg) was dominant over alkali metals (Na+K). Among anions, weak acidic anion (HCO2) concentration was dominant over strong acidic anion concentration (Cl+SO4) in 81.25% of the samples. Majority of the samples were suitable for irrigation purpose based on SAR (Sodium Absorption Ratio) and percent sodium values. WQI (Water Quality Index) values ranged from 7.56 to 24.69 (mean: 14.8) in the study area, which demonstrated their suitability for domestic and other utilitarian purposes. Fluoride content was above the BIS standard limit of 1.5 mg L−1 at Dhanamatanahally, Challahally, Garudnahally, Kolar West and Mangasandra places, which is a matter of concern in view of the health hazards of fluoride

Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out in the vicinity of dam and nearby residential site... more Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out in the vicinity of dam and nearby residential sites in four river basins in Karnataka with reference to SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx, employing Envirotech APM-460 Respirable Dust Sampler with provision to keep impingers having absorbing reagent. Further, three different methods of Air quality index (AQI) calculation on based on SPM and RSPM values were used to evaluate the prevailed ambient air quality in the near and surroundings areas at the time of dam constructional activities. The concentrations of SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx near the dam sites were respectively 540, 170, 5.8 and 17.9 ug/m3 in Varahi river basin; 440, 158, 3.8 and 11.4 ug/m3 in SLIS river basin and, 255.55, 83.3, 2.0 and 1.7 ug/m3 in SRLIS river basin. The SPM, RSPM and SO2 concentrations was 340, 70 and 0.3 ug/m3 in the vicinity of dam site of Bellary nala river basin while NOx concentration was below the detectable limit. AQI calculations revealed that the dam sites in all ...

Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India, 2009

This paper describes the Time series analysis of river water quality with emphasis on variation i... more This paper describes the Time series analysis of river water quality with emphasis on variation in parameters as evidenced by statistical approach and mathematical models. The extensive study enabled to differentiate and realize the behaviour of river and catchment's changes induced by human activities. The Time series analysis evaluation indicated trivial variation and movement in the water quality as reflected by the changes in the catchment characteristics. Although the observed trends showed an insignificant human contribution to basin hydrology and river water chemistry, noticeable human activities and unsustainable practices steadily contributed to change in water quality from the existing long term spectral signatures to short term spectral signatures. It is inferred that short term spectral signature exhibited on temporal scale by a monitoring program of this kind reflects an insalubrious river system and long term gradual changes in spectrum is an indication of healthy ...