Kriti Nagrath - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Kriti Nagrath

 Urban expansion in India is enormous and will place great pressures on natural resources, espec... more  Urban expansion in India is enormous and will place great pressures on natural resources, especially water and the atmosphere.  There are significant opportunities to reduce these pressures and contribute to human development through green building.  The regulatory framework for green building, with the adoption of Part 5 of the National Building Code, complemented by voluntary codes and green building rating systems, will provide adequate guidance for the expansion of green buildings in the short-term.  Standards for resource-efficient building materials need to be developed.  The capacity to design and construct green buildings needs to be strengthened.  More information about the actual costs and benefits of green buildings needs to be disseminated.

SN applied sciences, Jul 12, 2022

The aim of this research was the development of global 1.5 °C net-zero pathways for specific indu... more The aim of this research was the development of global 1.5 °C net-zero pathways for specific industries as classified under the Global Industry Classification System (GICS). In this article, we described the analysis of the Agriculture & Food and Forestry & Wood Products categories to determine their industry-specific Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions on a global level. The accounting methodologies for Scope 3 emissions were developed for entity-level accounting and reporting. However, we suggested an alteration of the methodology for industry-wide Scope 3 analyses because of poor data availability and to avoid counting emissions twice. In this article, we described the calculation method and the key results for netzero pathways for these two industry sectors. We showed that the decarbonization of the energy supply is possible for both sectors globally by 2050. We also described the land-use-related Scope 3 emissions for the agriculture and forestry sectors. The agricultural sector is unlikely to reach net-zero emissions by 2050, whereas the forest industry can become carbon negative.

Springer eBooks, 2015

The current trends of production and consumption are unsustainable in terms of environmental emis... more The current trends of production and consumption are unsustainable in terms of environmental emissions and resource use. With current trends of energy application, the emission and resource use will increase nearly twofold by 2050, creating an increased stress on the global resource base. Thus the only option is to create and promote low carbon and resource efficient technologies without compromising on the cost of goods produced and financial viability. As per WBSCD, by 2010 the cement industry in India alone contributed to 7 % of the total CO 2 emissions of the country. Realizing this the Indian cement industry has embarked on an ambitious roadmap of reducing it by 50 % within 2050. Despite this improvement, still the emissions will rise from current (2010) 137 MtCO 2 to around 468 MtCO 2 by 2050. The present initiative explores the role of a new type of developed low carbon cement in reducing CO 2 emissions and natural resource use. The cement is based on a ternary blend of calcined clay-limestone-clinker. Building made out of this low carbon cement and its associated building materials indicates a preliminary saving of 0.46 kg CO 2 per square meter and 1.55 kg wastes per square meter. Considering the fact that India has a current shortage of 1.2 billion square meter of rural and urban housing which is increasing by 10 % per year, the potential of CO 2 and resource saving from sustainable construction is quite high considering only the housing sector.

This report provides a technical and economic analysis of long-term energy and power development ... more This report provides a technical and economic analysis of long-term energy and power development plans for Viet Nam, carried out by the Institute for Sustainable Futures. The next Power Development Plan 8 is a historical opportunity to chart the way towards a low-carbon power system for Viet Nam, and avoid locking it in a high-carbon social structure.To undertake a sensitivity analysis of different energy system scenarios, we used various computer models: a GIS-based mapping tool to assess Viet Nam's potential for utility-scale solar photovoltaic, onshore wind, and offshore wind power generation within the country's space constraints; a long-term energy scenario model to develop mid- and long-term energy pathways for all sectors (power, industry, transport); a computer model that calculates future demands and load curves for the power sector to analyse Viet Nam's power sector, subdivided in eight regions, with 1 hour resolution; and an open-source cost optimisation tool to optimise the costs of power generation.

Springer eBooks, 2019

A detailed overview of the methodologies used to develop the 2.0 °C and 1.5 °C scenario presented... more A detailed overview of the methodologies used to develop the 2.0 °C and 1.5 °C scenario presented in this book. Starting with the overall modelling approach, the interaction of seven different models is explained which are used to calculate and developed detailed scenarios for greenhouse gas emission and energy pathways to stay within a 2.0 °C and 1.5 °C global warming limit. The following models are presented: • For the non-energy GHG emission pathways, the Generalized Equal Quantile Walk (GQW) method, the land-based sequestration design method and the Carbon cycle and climate (MAGICC) model. • For the energy pathways, a renewable energy resources assessment for space constrained environments ([R]E-SPACE, the transport scenario model (TRAEM), the Energy System Model (EM) and the power system model [R]E 24/7. The methodologies of an employment analysis model, and a metal resource assessment tool are outlined. These models have been used to examine the analysis of the energy scenario results.

Prepared for Lake Macquarie City Council, Jul 1, 2021

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Clean Energy Council, Jun 10, 2020

Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals, 2019

adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriat... more adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

APN Science Bulletin, 2016

The construction sector of India, Nepal and Pakistan are currently seeing a boom in the construct... more The construction sector of India, Nepal and Pakistan are currently seeing a boom in the construction sector owing to growing economy and rapid urbanisation. The growth of the sector has critical environmental implications. Apart from its energy footprint, it also has a high resource footprint. The sector also has linkages to several other industries such as cement, steel, paints, tiles, and fixtures manufacture etc. While extraction of these materials and manufacturing of the final products itself contributes greatly to the emissions released, inefficient technologies result in a larger emission increase, making the use of these materials both resource and energy intensive. In this study, focus has been laid on low-carbon and energy-efficient materials and technologies in the building sector that are presently in use in South Asia. The study thus highlights that the adoption of such materials and technologies requires multi-level interventions that range from public policies, awareness generation, capacity building and skill development to the use of financial incentives for the upscaling of such technologies.

Sustainability

Electric vehicle (EV) adoption is growing worldwide with increasing market pull from consumers an... more Electric vehicle (EV) adoption is growing worldwide with increasing market pull from consumers and market push from manufacturers of vehicles and charging equipment, as well as others in the supply chain. Governments have begun developing policies to support EV uptake and local governments, in particular, are examining what role they should play. In Australia, a large country with low population density, EV uptake has been slower in comparison to other similar economies. This paper discusses the status of EV charging infrastructure deployment in Australia with regards to local governments, by considering the extent to which they are relied upon for the deployment of such technology and what motivates them to act. It also covers the work undertaken by the authors with one local government in developing an EV charging infrastructure business model that will help the local community adopt and benefit from EVs. An applied use of the business canvas methodology adapted to suit local gove...

Sustainability

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) may contribute to decarbonisation of the transport sector... more The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) may contribute to decarbonisation of the transport sector and has the potential to offer value to consumers and electricity grid operators through its energy storage capabilities. While electricity tariffs can play an important role in consumer uptake of EVs, little is known about how EV charging tariff design affects EV users’ behaviour in participating in applications that can support the electricity grid, such as those applications classed under Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X). Examining the case of Australia, this study reviews the literature on electromobility with a focus on EV charging tariffs and its impact on consumer behaviour within the V2X context. The main findings drawn from up-to-date publications show that a well-designed EV tariff structure, available parking, and EV charging facilities can increase consumer participation in V2X. However, cooperation between EV users and grid operators is needed to establish a form of controlled c...

ISF expresses its appreciation to all those who supported and assisted in the development of this... more ISF expresses its appreciation to all those who supported and assisted in the development of this report. We are grateful to ACF for commissioning the report and to ACF staff, Suzanne Harter, Gavan McFadzean, Matt Rose, Toby Halligan and Tom Arup, who provided comments on drafts of the report. We would like to thank the Andrew Turley at the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO), Tim Nelson at AGL and Tim Jordan at the Clean Energy Finance Corporation (CEFC) for assisting us with data used in this analysis. We would also like to thank ISF colleagues, Geoff James, Tom Morris, Xavier Mayes, Tui Prichard and Ed Langham who assisted in the study. We also wish to thank Community Power Agency and in particular Nicky Ison for her valuable contribution to the study. Responsibility for the report resides with ISF.

Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals, 2019

Literature overview of published global and regional renewable energy potential estimates. This s... more Literature overview of published global and regional renewable energy potential estimates. This section provides definitions for different types of RE potentials and introduces a new category, the economic renewable energy potential in space constrained environments. The potential for utility scale solar and onshore wind in square kilometre and maximum possible installed capacity (in GW) are provided for 75 different regions. The results set the upper limits for the deployment of solar- and wind technologies for the development of the 2.0 °C and 1.5 °C energy pathways.

Electric vehicle (EV) adoption is growing worldwide with increasing market pull from consumers an... more Electric vehicle (EV) adoption is growing worldwide with increasing market pull from consumers and market push from manufacturers of vehicles and charging equipment, as well as others in the supply chain. Governments have begun developing policies to support EV uptake and local governments, in particular, are examining what role they should play. In Australia, a large country with low population density, EV uptake has been slower in comparison to other similar economies. This paper discusses the status of EV charging infrastructure deployment in Australia with regards to local governments, by considering the extent to which they are relied upon for the deployment of such technology and what motivates them to act. It also covers the work undertaken by the authors with one local government in developing an EV charging infrastructure business model that will help the local community adopt and benefit from EVs. An applied use of the business canvas methodology adapted to suit local gove...

 Urban expansion in India is enormous and will place great pressures on natural resources, espec... more  Urban expansion in India is enormous and will place great pressures on natural resources, especially water and the atmosphere.  There are significant opportunities to reduce these pressures and contribute to human development through green building.  The regulatory framework for green building, with the adoption of Part 5 of the National Building Code, complemented by voluntary codes and green building rating systems, will provide adequate guidance for the expansion of green buildings in the short-term.  Standards for resource-efficient building materials need to be developed.  The capacity to design and construct green buildings needs to be strengthened.  More information about the actual costs and benefits of green buildings needs to be disseminated.

This report provides a technical and economic analysis of long-term energy and power development ... more This report provides a technical and economic analysis of long-term energy and power development plans for Viet Nam, carried out by the Institute for Sustainable Futures. The next Power Development Plan 8 is a historical opportunity to chart the way towards a low-carbon power system for Viet Nam, and avoid locking it in a high-carbon social structure.To undertake a sensitivity analysis of different energy system scenarios, we used various computer models: a GIS-based mapping tool to assess Viet Nam's potential for utility-scale solar photovoltaic, onshore wind, and offshore wind power generation within the country's space constraints; a long-term energy scenario model to develop mid- and long-term energy pathways for all sectors (power, industry, transport); a computer model that calculates future demands and load curves for the power sector to analyse Viet Nam's power sector, subdivided in eight regions, with 1 hour resolution; and an open-source cost optimisation tool ...

 Urban expansion in India is enormous and will place great pressures on natural resources, espec... more  Urban expansion in India is enormous and will place great pressures on natural resources, especially water and the atmosphere.  There are significant opportunities to reduce these pressures and contribute to human development through green building.  The regulatory framework for green building, with the adoption of Part 5 of the National Building Code, complemented by voluntary codes and green building rating systems, will provide adequate guidance for the expansion of green buildings in the short-term.  Standards for resource-efficient building materials need to be developed.  The capacity to design and construct green buildings needs to be strengthened.  More information about the actual costs and benefits of green buildings needs to be disseminated.

SN applied sciences, Jul 12, 2022

The aim of this research was the development of global 1.5 °C net-zero pathways for specific indu... more The aim of this research was the development of global 1.5 °C net-zero pathways for specific industries as classified under the Global Industry Classification System (GICS). In this article, we described the analysis of the Agriculture & Food and Forestry & Wood Products categories to determine their industry-specific Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions on a global level. The accounting methodologies for Scope 3 emissions were developed for entity-level accounting and reporting. However, we suggested an alteration of the methodology for industry-wide Scope 3 analyses because of poor data availability and to avoid counting emissions twice. In this article, we described the calculation method and the key results for netzero pathways for these two industry sectors. We showed that the decarbonization of the energy supply is possible for both sectors globally by 2050. We also described the land-use-related Scope 3 emissions for the agriculture and forestry sectors. The agricultural sector is unlikely to reach net-zero emissions by 2050, whereas the forest industry can become carbon negative.

Springer eBooks, 2015

The current trends of production and consumption are unsustainable in terms of environmental emis... more The current trends of production and consumption are unsustainable in terms of environmental emissions and resource use. With current trends of energy application, the emission and resource use will increase nearly twofold by 2050, creating an increased stress on the global resource base. Thus the only option is to create and promote low carbon and resource efficient technologies without compromising on the cost of goods produced and financial viability. As per WBSCD, by 2010 the cement industry in India alone contributed to 7 % of the total CO 2 emissions of the country. Realizing this the Indian cement industry has embarked on an ambitious roadmap of reducing it by 50 % within 2050. Despite this improvement, still the emissions will rise from current (2010) 137 MtCO 2 to around 468 MtCO 2 by 2050. The present initiative explores the role of a new type of developed low carbon cement in reducing CO 2 emissions and natural resource use. The cement is based on a ternary blend of calcined clay-limestone-clinker. Building made out of this low carbon cement and its associated building materials indicates a preliminary saving of 0.46 kg CO 2 per square meter and 1.55 kg wastes per square meter. Considering the fact that India has a current shortage of 1.2 billion square meter of rural and urban housing which is increasing by 10 % per year, the potential of CO 2 and resource saving from sustainable construction is quite high considering only the housing sector.

This report provides a technical and economic analysis of long-term energy and power development ... more This report provides a technical and economic analysis of long-term energy and power development plans for Viet Nam, carried out by the Institute for Sustainable Futures. The next Power Development Plan 8 is a historical opportunity to chart the way towards a low-carbon power system for Viet Nam, and avoid locking it in a high-carbon social structure.To undertake a sensitivity analysis of different energy system scenarios, we used various computer models: a GIS-based mapping tool to assess Viet Nam's potential for utility-scale solar photovoltaic, onshore wind, and offshore wind power generation within the country's space constraints; a long-term energy scenario model to develop mid- and long-term energy pathways for all sectors (power, industry, transport); a computer model that calculates future demands and load curves for the power sector to analyse Viet Nam's power sector, subdivided in eight regions, with 1 hour resolution; and an open-source cost optimisation tool to optimise the costs of power generation.

Springer eBooks, 2019

A detailed overview of the methodologies used to develop the 2.0 °C and 1.5 °C scenario presented... more A detailed overview of the methodologies used to develop the 2.0 °C and 1.5 °C scenario presented in this book. Starting with the overall modelling approach, the interaction of seven different models is explained which are used to calculate and developed detailed scenarios for greenhouse gas emission and energy pathways to stay within a 2.0 °C and 1.5 °C global warming limit. The following models are presented: • For the non-energy GHG emission pathways, the Generalized Equal Quantile Walk (GQW) method, the land-based sequestration design method and the Carbon cycle and climate (MAGICC) model. • For the energy pathways, a renewable energy resources assessment for space constrained environments ([R]E-SPACE, the transport scenario model (TRAEM), the Energy System Model (EM) and the power system model [R]E 24/7. The methodologies of an employment analysis model, and a metal resource assessment tool are outlined. These models have been used to examine the analysis of the energy scenario results.

Prepared for Lake Macquarie City Council, Jul 1, 2021

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Clean Energy Council, Jun 10, 2020

Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals, 2019

adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriat... more adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

APN Science Bulletin, 2016

The construction sector of India, Nepal and Pakistan are currently seeing a boom in the construct... more The construction sector of India, Nepal and Pakistan are currently seeing a boom in the construction sector owing to growing economy and rapid urbanisation. The growth of the sector has critical environmental implications. Apart from its energy footprint, it also has a high resource footprint. The sector also has linkages to several other industries such as cement, steel, paints, tiles, and fixtures manufacture etc. While extraction of these materials and manufacturing of the final products itself contributes greatly to the emissions released, inefficient technologies result in a larger emission increase, making the use of these materials both resource and energy intensive. In this study, focus has been laid on low-carbon and energy-efficient materials and technologies in the building sector that are presently in use in South Asia. The study thus highlights that the adoption of such materials and technologies requires multi-level interventions that range from public policies, awareness generation, capacity building and skill development to the use of financial incentives for the upscaling of such technologies.

Sustainability

Electric vehicle (EV) adoption is growing worldwide with increasing market pull from consumers an... more Electric vehicle (EV) adoption is growing worldwide with increasing market pull from consumers and market push from manufacturers of vehicles and charging equipment, as well as others in the supply chain. Governments have begun developing policies to support EV uptake and local governments, in particular, are examining what role they should play. In Australia, a large country with low population density, EV uptake has been slower in comparison to other similar economies. This paper discusses the status of EV charging infrastructure deployment in Australia with regards to local governments, by considering the extent to which they are relied upon for the deployment of such technology and what motivates them to act. It also covers the work undertaken by the authors with one local government in developing an EV charging infrastructure business model that will help the local community adopt and benefit from EVs. An applied use of the business canvas methodology adapted to suit local gove...

Sustainability

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) may contribute to decarbonisation of the transport sector... more The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) may contribute to decarbonisation of the transport sector and has the potential to offer value to consumers and electricity grid operators through its energy storage capabilities. While electricity tariffs can play an important role in consumer uptake of EVs, little is known about how EV charging tariff design affects EV users’ behaviour in participating in applications that can support the electricity grid, such as those applications classed under Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X). Examining the case of Australia, this study reviews the literature on electromobility with a focus on EV charging tariffs and its impact on consumer behaviour within the V2X context. The main findings drawn from up-to-date publications show that a well-designed EV tariff structure, available parking, and EV charging facilities can increase consumer participation in V2X. However, cooperation between EV users and grid operators is needed to establish a form of controlled c...

ISF expresses its appreciation to all those who supported and assisted in the development of this... more ISF expresses its appreciation to all those who supported and assisted in the development of this report. We are grateful to ACF for commissioning the report and to ACF staff, Suzanne Harter, Gavan McFadzean, Matt Rose, Toby Halligan and Tom Arup, who provided comments on drafts of the report. We would like to thank the Andrew Turley at the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO), Tim Nelson at AGL and Tim Jordan at the Clean Energy Finance Corporation (CEFC) for assisting us with data used in this analysis. We would also like to thank ISF colleagues, Geoff James, Tom Morris, Xavier Mayes, Tui Prichard and Ed Langham who assisted in the study. We also wish to thank Community Power Agency and in particular Nicky Ison for her valuable contribution to the study. Responsibility for the report resides with ISF.

Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals, 2019

Literature overview of published global and regional renewable energy potential estimates. This s... more Literature overview of published global and regional renewable energy potential estimates. This section provides definitions for different types of RE potentials and introduces a new category, the economic renewable energy potential in space constrained environments. The potential for utility scale solar and onshore wind in square kilometre and maximum possible installed capacity (in GW) are provided for 75 different regions. The results set the upper limits for the deployment of solar- and wind technologies for the development of the 2.0 °C and 1.5 °C energy pathways.

Electric vehicle (EV) adoption is growing worldwide with increasing market pull from consumers an... more Electric vehicle (EV) adoption is growing worldwide with increasing market pull from consumers and market push from manufacturers of vehicles and charging equipment, as well as others in the supply chain. Governments have begun developing policies to support EV uptake and local governments, in particular, are examining what role they should play. In Australia, a large country with low population density, EV uptake has been slower in comparison to other similar economies. This paper discusses the status of EV charging infrastructure deployment in Australia with regards to local governments, by considering the extent to which they are relied upon for the deployment of such technology and what motivates them to act. It also covers the work undertaken by the authors with one local government in developing an EV charging infrastructure business model that will help the local community adopt and benefit from EVs. An applied use of the business canvas methodology adapted to suit local gove...

 Urban expansion in India is enormous and will place great pressures on natural resources, espec... more  Urban expansion in India is enormous and will place great pressures on natural resources, especially water and the atmosphere.  There are significant opportunities to reduce these pressures and contribute to human development through green building.  The regulatory framework for green building, with the adoption of Part 5 of the National Building Code, complemented by voluntary codes and green building rating systems, will provide adequate guidance for the expansion of green buildings in the short-term.  Standards for resource-efficient building materials need to be developed.  The capacity to design and construct green buildings needs to be strengthened.  More information about the actual costs and benefits of green buildings needs to be disseminated.

This report provides a technical and economic analysis of long-term energy and power development ... more This report provides a technical and economic analysis of long-term energy and power development plans for Viet Nam, carried out by the Institute for Sustainable Futures. The next Power Development Plan 8 is a historical opportunity to chart the way towards a low-carbon power system for Viet Nam, and avoid locking it in a high-carbon social structure.To undertake a sensitivity analysis of different energy system scenarios, we used various computer models: a GIS-based mapping tool to assess Viet Nam's potential for utility-scale solar photovoltaic, onshore wind, and offshore wind power generation within the country's space constraints; a long-term energy scenario model to develop mid- and long-term energy pathways for all sectors (power, industry, transport); a computer model that calculates future demands and load curves for the power sector to analyse Viet Nam's power sector, subdivided in eight regions, with 1 hour resolution; and an open-source cost optimisation tool ...