Lawrence K . Wang - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Lawrence K . Wang

"Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", 2023

Tsao, Hung-ping (2023). 500 Natural Sudoku Puzzles. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Techno... more Tsao, Hung-ping (2023). 500 Natural Sudoku Puzzles. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). Volume 5, NUMBER 9B, September 2023; 477 pages. Lenox Institute Press, Auburndale, MA, 02466, USA. No. STEAM-VOL5-NUM9B-SEP2023; ISBN 978-0-9890870-3-2. https://doi.org/10.17613/g5jv-xt48 ...... ABSTRACT: • Hard sudoku puzzles are usually designed for defying our logical reasonings, so we can counter with the Principle of Least Choice (PLC) by selecting the least likely one when facing the multiple choices of our next move. The harder the puzzle, the more often PLC is recommended to be used. This lecture serves as the preface for promoting the natural Sudoku (Sudoku with 17 givens). Accordingly, I plan to give a series of lectures, each containing two puzzles with illustrative solutions, the second one of which is the demonstration of the first of the 49 practice puzzles with annotated solutions. All natural Sudoku puzzles are downloaded from Gordon Royle list. The minimum of 17 givens is required for a Sudoku puzzle to not having multiple solutions. There are no extra givens that puzzle makers can maneuver to design extremely hard Sudoku. Therefore, we shall not use PLC at all for any of our lectures. Hard puzzles can sometimes be solved by the construction of strategic flipflops. The purpose of my lectures is for you not to waste time in playing Sudoku. In addition to the introduction of efficient methods, we most importantly screen out those puzzles with multiple or no solutions in the collection of practice sets for you. The lectures are presented in the power point format, convenient for any interested instructors to use. ... POEM: 迷宮巧門四處築，Maze with clues has been built in every foreseeable place, 一切設障不難除；All barriers could be removed without any frustrating face; 無事且登三寶殿，In idle time please come to visit the three treasures palace, 閒情逸致玩數獨。Relax your mood and nerves and indulge in Sudoku space. .... KEYWORDS: Natural Sudoku, Puzzle, Row move, Column move, Block move, Box move, Grid move, Terminating move, Rule of unique solution, Candidate, Principle of the Least Choice,
Residue, Flipflops chain, Stratigic flipflops.

"Global Humanities and Liberal Arts", 2023

Lu, Toh-Ming (2023). Sarawak: my homeland. In: "Global Humanities and Liberal Arts", Wang, L... more Lu, Toh-Ming (2023). Sarawak: my homeland. In: "Global Humanities and Liberal Arts", Wang, Lawrence K. (Editor). Volume 2023, Number 7, 2023(7), July 25, 2023, 19 pages. Lenox Institute Press, Massachusetts, USA. lut@rpi.edu; Lenox.Institute@gmail.com; https://doi.org/10.17613/cxt3-xm50 ..... ABSTRACT: This electronic book describes recent history and events that occurred in Sarawak, my homeland. The story began in 1841 when Sir James Brooke, a British soldier and adventurer became the first Rajah (king) of Sarawak. When he died in 1868, his nephew, Charles Brooke took over his position and became the second Rajah of Sarawak. Charles Brooke signed an agreement with a Chinese leader, Wong Nai Siong to recruit a total of 1118 Chinese immigrants to the city of Sibu, Sarawak. When Charles Brooke passed away in 1917, his youngest son, Vyner Brooke, took over his position as the Third (and last) Rajah of Sarawak. During the Japanese occupation (1941-1945) Vyner and his family were in Sydney. After the war, in 1946 he returned to Sarawak and ceded Sarawak to the British government as a colony. 1963, Sarawak joined the Federation of Malaysia and became a state of Malaysia. ....... .. KEYWORDS: Sarawak, Borneo, Kalimandan, Sibu, White Rajah, James Brooke, Charles Brooke, Vyner Brooke, Wong Nai Siong, Chinese migration, World War II, Japanese occupation, Wallace Line, Nusantara, Lan-fang Republic, Brunei, Sabah, British Colony, Federation of Malaysia, Niah Caves. Prehistoric human migration. ..... NOTES: Dr. Lu served as the Chairman of the Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, RPI from 1992 to 1997. He published over 580 papers, 9 books, 12 patents, and graduated 51 Ph.D. students, many of them have assumed leadership positions in major semiconductor companies. Dr. Lu is also interested in teaching and learning pedagogy. His other interests include cosmology and anthropology. His hobby includes oil painting: (https://doi.org/10.17613/k9f1-y534).

"Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", 2023

Tsao, Hung-ping (2023). The Natural Sudoku Lecture 10. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Tec... more Tsao, Hung-ping (2023). The Natural Sudoku Lecture 10. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). Volume 5, NUMBER 9A, September 2023; 58 pages. Lenox Institute Press, Auburndale, MA, 02466, USA. No. STEAM-VOL5-NUM9A-SEP2023; ISBN 978-0-9890870-3-2. Doi.org/10.17613/dc30-wg05 ...... ABSTRACT: Hard sudoku puzzles are usually designed for defying our logical reasonings, so we can counter with the Principle of Least Choice (PLC) by selecting the least likely one when facing the multiple choices of our next move. The harder the puzzle, the more often PLC is recommended to be used. This lecture serves as the preface for promoting the natural Sudoku (Sudoku with 17 givens). Accordingly, I plan to give a series of lectures, each containing two puzzles with illustrative solutions, the second one of which is the demonstration of the first of the 49 practice puzzles with annotated solutions. All natural Sudoku puzzles are downloaded from Gordon Royle list. The minimum of 17 givens is required for a Sudoku puzzle to not having multiple solutions. There are no extra givens that puzzle makers can maneuver to design extremely hard Sudoku. Therefore, we shall not use PLC at all for any of our lectures. Hard puzzles can sometimes be solved by the construction of strategic flipflops. The purpose of my lectures is for you not to waste time in playing Sudoku. In addition to the introduction of efficient methods, we most importantly screen out those puzzles with multiple or no solutions in the collection of practice sets for you. The lectures are presented in the power point format, convenient for any interested instructors to use.

"Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", 2023

Lu, Toh-Ming (2023). My road to semiconductor research. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, ... more Lu, Toh-Ming (2023). My road to semiconductor research. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (Editors). Volume 5, Number 8A, 5(8A), August 1, 2023, 33 pages. Lenox Institute Press, Auburndale, Massachusetts, USA. Lenox.Institute@gmail.com; lut@rpi.edu. https://doi.org/10.17613/71gt-h283 ...... ABSTRACT: This electronic book is a memoir recalling how I entered semiconductor research and how I got involved in the US semiconductor research consortium called “Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC)”. In the late 1990’s I became the director of “Center for Advanced Interconnect Science and Technology” funded by SRC. The Center involved 15 universities, 30 faculty, and 40 graduate students doing advanced interconnect research. SRC member companies include Intel, IBM, AMD, TI, UMC (Taiwan), Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing (Singapore). The Center produced over 100 PhD students who later played leadership roles in semiconductor industry. In 2004, Novellus Systems, a major semiconductor manufacturing equipment company, donated a Cu deposition system to Fudan University in anticipation of future business in China. The company organized a workshop in Shanghai. I highlighted some of the activities. I also described some international students graduated from my group, in particular, the interesting and unusual educational and career paths of some Chinese graduate students, who eventually served semiconductor industry. Some future possibilities beyond the current Si technology are also briefly discussed. ...... KEYWORDS: vacuum tubes, semiconductor transistors, integrated circuits, interconnect, Semiconductor Research Corporation, Novellus Systems, beyond Si technology, quantum physics, quantum computing. ...... ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: I thank Professor Jian Shi for valuable discussions on future computing strategies.

"Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", 2023

Tsao, Hung-ping (2023). Touring Northern Taiwan Fortnight. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science,... more Tsao, Hung-ping (2023). Touring Northern Taiwan Fortnight. In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). Volume 5, NUMBER 5, May 2023; 51 pages. Lenox Institute Press, Auburndale, MA, 02466, USA. No. STEAM-VOL5-NUM5-MAY2023; https://doi.org/10.17613/eq40-vp42 ..... ABSTRACT: This is my recollection of two weeks stay in Northern Taiwan starting mid-April for promoting the Natural Sudoku by giving talks to various level of students ranging from elementary school to college. The first week was primarily spent on visiting relatives, friends and the historical site of my grandfather’s old three-storied mansion. The second week was mostly spent for the theme detailed as follows: (a) Hard sudoku puzzles are usually designed for defying our logical reasoning, so we can counter with the Principle of Least Choice (PLC) by selecting the least likely one when facing the multiple choices of our next move. The harder the puzzle, the more often PLC is recommended to be used. (b) This lecture serves as the preface for promoting the Natural Sudoku (Sudoku with 17 givens). Accordingly, I plan to give a series of lectures, each containing two puzzles with illustrative solutions, the second one of which is the demonstration of the first of the 49 practice puzzles with annotated solutions. All Natural Sudoku puzzles are downloaded from Gordon Royle list. (c) The minimum of 17 givens is required for a Sudoku puzzle to not having multiple solutions. There are no extra givens that puzzle makers can maneuver to design extremely hard Sudoku. Therefore, we shall not use PLC at all for any of our lectures. Hard puzzles can sometimes be solved by the construction of strategic flipflops. (d) The purpose of my lectures is for you not to waste time in playing Sudoku. In addition to the introduction of efficient methods, we most importantly screen out those puzzles with multiple or no solutions in the collection of practice sets for you. and (e) The lectures are presented in the power point format, convenient for any interested instructors to use.

“Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)”, 2023

Wang, LK and Wang, MHS (2023). Sustainable water and wastewater treatment systems consisting of ... more Wang, LK and Wang, MHS (2023). Sustainable water and wastewater treatment systems consisting of magnesium coagulation-precipitation, dissolved air flotation, recarbonation and filtration. In : “Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)”, Wang, LK, Wang, MHS and Pankivskyi, YI (eds.), 2023(6B), STEM-VOL2023-NUM6B-JUNE2023. 80 pages. June 2023, Lenox Institute Press, Massachusetts, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/y4wt-8230 ...... ABSTRACT: Historical developments, theory and principles of innovative sustainable water and wastewater systems consisting of magnesium coagulation-precipitation, dissolved air flotation (DAF) clarification, filtration and disinfection are introduced with an emphasis on five technology advancements: (a) the use of magnesium carbonate or magnesium chloride for replacing conventional aluminum sulfate coagulant, (b) the use of DAF for replacing conventional sedimentation clarification, (c) the use of magnesium coagulation-precipitation (either magnesium carbonate or magnesium chloride), DAF clarification, recarbonation (if needed), and filtration for water treatment, (d) the use of magnesium carbonate coagulation-precipitation, clarification, recarbonation (if needed), and filtration for wastewater treatment, (e) production and marketing of innovative combined magnesium and calcium sludge for replacing conventional lime as the soil conditioner or for nutrient removal in a biological wastewater treatment plant. Examples and case histories of the sustainable process system include: (a) magnesium coagulant for water purification with total chemical sludge recycle; (b) independent physicochemical wastewater treatment using magnesium coagulant and DAF-filtration for treating wastewaters containing toxic substances; (c) simultaneous removal of ammonium ions and phosphate ions from wastewater by magnesium ions for generating useful waste sludge (Struvite) which can be reused as a fertilizer; (d) chemical sludge reuse elsewhere for toxic chromium reduction; (e) waste chemical sludge reuse for biological nitrification neutralization at chicken and meat processing plants; (f) waste chemical sludge reuse for anaerobic digestion improvement at bakeries; (g) pretreatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) contaminated water prior to granular activated carbon, ion exchange, or membrane filtration; and (h) production and marketing of combined magnesium and calcium sludge as a soil conditioner. The authors' poem ( FATE IN THIS LIFE 今世缘) is presented in this publication.

“Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)”, 2023

Wang, LK, and Wang, MHS (2023). Innovative process system consisting of dissolved air flotation, ... more Wang, LK, and Wang, MHS (2023). Innovative process system consisting of dissolved air flotation, recarbonation and filtration, and using lime and sodium aluminate for removal of hardness, iron and manganese from groundwater (second edition). In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)”, Wang, LK and Tsao, HP (eds.), 5 (7A), STEAM-VOL5-NUM7A-JULY2023, 43 pages. July 2023, Lenox Institute Press, Massachusetts, USA.
https://doi.org/10.17613/mrfv-tg80 ...... ABSTRACT: This publication reports that (a) a new softening and Fe-Mn removal process system consisting of flocculation, dissolved air flotation (DAF), recarbonation and filtration has been demonstrated by continuous operation; (b) a new chemical combination including lime, sodium aluminate and carbon dioxide successfully removes Ca-Mg hardness, iron and manganese from groundwater; (c) innovative DAF (3-15 minutes detention time) cost-effectively replaces conventional sedimentation (4-6 hours detention); (d) DAF-filtration efficiently removes Fe-Mn without an additional oxidation step because of DAF aeration; (e) sodium aluminate enhances or replaces conventional soda ash for removal of non-carbonate hardness (NCH) due to aluminate's precipitating nature; (f) sodium aluminate improves manganese removal after DAF oxidation due to its flocculating nature; (g) useful terminologies of conventional and innovative softening processes for hardness, iron and manganese removal are provided. The authors call for further basic research regarding the chemistry of Ca-Mg removal by sodium aluminate noting that both calcium aluminate and magnesium aluminate are insoluble substances. Further call for research is directed toward simultaneous removal of hardness, Fe-Mn and dissolved organic matter (DOM) by new process systems and new chemical combinations. The author's new process systems and new chemical combinations can be applied to any manufacturers' process equipment. A groundwater having 15 NTU of turbidity, 216 mg/L as CaCO3 of total hardness, 3.56 mg/L of iron and 1.57 mg/L of manganese at pH 7.8 was successfully treated by the innovative DAF-recarbonation-filtration process system and new chemicals (sodium aluminate and lime).

"Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", 2023

Wang, LK, and Wang, MHS (2023). Reduction of high color, humic substances, turbidity, coliform ba... more Wang, LK, and Wang, MHS (2023). Reduction of high color, humic substances, turbidity, coliform bacteria, THMMFP, uv absorbance, cysts, chlorine demand, and metals from unpredictable water source by dissolved air flotation and filtration. In: "Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", Wang, LK, Wang, MHS, and Pankivskyi, YI (editors). Volume 2023, Number 6A, June 2023; pp.53. Lenox Institute Press, Massachusetts, USA.
https://hcommons.org/deposits/item/hc:55689/ ..... ABSTRACT: This publication documents: (a) the dissolved air flotation and filtration (DAFF) process; (b) the Drinking Water Standards and water quality goals; (c) standards for raw water sources; (d) the procedure for determination of the trihalomethane maximum formation potential (THMMFP), (e) the alternatives of treating an unpredictable water supply source, (f) the filter backwash wastewater recycle and total chemical sludge recycle technology, (g) the glossary of drinking water quality parameters, and (h) a 4-months DAFF research for treatment of an unpredictable water supply source. The raw water had wide ranges of color (25-90 CU), humic substances (1.5-9.6 mg/l), turbidity (1.08-14.2 NTU), coliform bacteria (1 to TNTC #/100 ml), THMMFP (127 to 683 ppb), UV absorbance (0.13 to 0.28 UV), cysts-size microscopic count (410 to 34623 #/ml), chlorine demand (2 to 2.5 mg/l), lead (0.038 mg/l), and pH (6.4-7.5 units). Under the government supervision, a continuous DAFF plant was operated at 100 gpm flow for treating the above raw water using alum, sodium aluminate, and polymer for 4 months. The DAFF effluent met the all drinking water standards, and the plant performance in terms of impurity percent removals was excellent: color (93%), humic substances (80%), turbidity (93%), coliform bacteria (99%), THMMFP (82%), UV Absorbance (86%), cyst-size microscopic count (99.6%), chlorine demand (52%), and lead (43%). Any manufacturer's dissolved air flotation (DAF) and filtration process equipment (such as AquaDAF, Clari-DAF, etc.) may achieve similar high performance for water purification.

"Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", 2023

Lu, Toh-Ming (2023). Turmoil and opportunities in higher education: The road of an academic dep... more Lu, Toh-Ming (2023). Turmoil and opportunities in higher education: The road of an academic department at the dawn of the 21st century. (Second Edition). In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (Editors). Volume 5, Number 2A, 5(2A), February 14, 2023, 233 pages. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. Lenox.Institute@gmail.com; lut@rpi.edu. ISBN: 0-9675372-0-7. https://doi.org/10.17613/jk0e-ph89 .....
ABSTRACT: At the turn of the 21 th Century, American higher education underwent a turbulent time. The debate was on how teaching could be carried out effectively and how learning could be achieved successfully. The main reason for this turmoil was the arrival of the information technology. Knowledge can be found any time and place through the web. The role of professors was not just transfer of knowledge, but also on teaching students how to learn. "Student centered" learning became a key focus. During his tenure as the Physics Department Chair, Dr. Toh-Ming Lu has been a major driving force for education reform. This memoir describes insights into what he saw and felt as a Department Chair during this turbulent time and how the higher education institutions may excel in the new era of information age. The memoir was first published in the spring of 1999 after he stepped down as the Department Chairman.

"Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", 2023

Lu, Toh-Ming (2023). Turmoil and opportunities in higher education: The road of an academic dep... more Lu, Toh-Ming (2023). Turmoil and opportunities in higher education: The road of an academic department at the dawn of the 21st century. (Second Edition). In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (Editors). Volume 5, Number 2A, 5(2A), February 14, 2023, 233 pages. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. Lenox.Institute@gmail.com; lut@rpi.edu. ISBN: 0-9675372-0-7. https://doi.org/10.17613/jk0e-ph89 ........ ABSTRACT: At the turn of the 21 th Century, American higher education underwent a turbulent time. The debate was on how teaching could be carried out effectively and how learning could be achieved successfully. The main reason for this turmoil was the arrival of the information technology. Knowledge can be found any time and place through the web. The role of professors was not just transfer of knowledge, but also on teaching students how to learn. "Student centered" learning became a key focus. During his tenure as the Physics Department Chair, Dr. Toh-Ming Lu has been a major driving force for education reform. This memoir describes insights into what he saw and felt as a Department Chair during this turbulent time and how the higher education institutions may excel in the new era of information age. The memoir was first published in the spring of 1999 after he stepped down as the Department Chairman.

“Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)”, 2022

Wang, LK, and Wang, MHS (2022). innovative process system consisting of dissolved air flotation, ... more Wang, LK, and Wang, MHS (2022). innovative process system consisting of dissolved air flotation, recarbonation and filtration, using lime and sodium aluminate for removal of hardness, iron and manganese from groundwater. In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)”, Wang, LK and Tsao, HP (eds.), 4 (10A), STEAM-VOL4-NUM10A-OCT2022. 35 pages. October 2022, Lenox Institute Press, Massachusetts, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/fpb4-he04. ..... ABSTRACT: The Lenox Institute of Water Technology (LIWT) has conducted a basic research: (a) a new softening and Fe-Mn removal process system consisting of dissolved air flotation (DAF), recarbonation and filtration has been demonstrated by operating a continuous water treatment plant (WTP); (b) a new chemical combination including lime, sodium aluminate and carbon dioxide has been used successfully for simultaneous removal of Ca-Mg hardness, iron and manganese from groundwater; (c) DAF (3-15 minutes detention time) replaces conventional sedimentation (4-6 hours detention) to become much more cost-effective; (d) DAF-filtration efficiently removes Fe-Mn without an additional oxidation step; (e) sodium aluminate enhances or replaces conventional soda ash for better removal of non-carbonate hardness (NCH) and better removal of manganese after DAF oxidation due to its flocculating nature; (f) the authors call for further basic research regarding the chemistry of Ca-Mg removal by sodium aluminate noting that both calcium aluminate and magnesium aluminate are insoluble substances; (g) further call for research is directed toward simultaneous removal of hardness, Fe-Mn and dissolved organic matter (DOM) by the new process system and new chemical combination; and (h) LIWT new process systems and new chemical combinations can be applied to any manufacturers' DAF, recarbonation and filtration process equipment (Sandfloat, Supracell, AquaDAF, Clari-DAF, etc. ) Specifically a groundwater having 15 NTU of turbidity, 216 mg/L (as CaCO3 of total hardness, 3.56 mg/L of iron and 1.57 mg/L of manganese at pH 7.8 was successfully treated by a continuous WTP consisting of a rectangular static hydraulic flocculator (detention time = 5.6 minutes), a DAF clarifier (detention time = 3 minutes), a recarbonation facility, and three sand filters (sand bed = 11 inches of silica sand; filtration rate = 2.5 gpm/ft2 = 101.75 Lpm/m2). With lime for initial chemical precipitation and pH adjustment to 11.2 , and 20 mg/L (as Al2O3) of sodium aluminate for enhanced precipitation and coagulation, excellent product water meeting the U.S. Drinking Water. Standards was produced. The quality of final filter effluent was: turbidity, 0.52 NTU; pH, 6.5 units; total hardness, 60 mg/L as CaCO3; iron, 0.04 mg/L; and manganese, 0.02 mg/L. It appears that the new water treatment system including flocculator, dissolved air flotation clarifier, recarbonation facility and filter is technically feasible for groundwater treatment. Lime, sodium aluminate and carbon dioxide are excellent chemical aids for simultaneous removal of turbidity, hardness, iron and manganese. Technical terminologies are introduced. Environmental researchers around the world are invited to continue this research

This publication concerns the role of pollinators, especially bees, in relation to our agricultur... more This publication concerns the role of pollinators, especially bees, in relation to our agriculture and economy. Besides being a critical participant in the reproductive process of most flowering plants, the bees' pollination services increase flowering crop yields, improve nutritional quality, and contribute significantly to the global economy. However, beekeepers that manage the domesticated European honey bee had noticed that huge numbers of their bees were dying in recent years, and apiculture is closely wedded to agriculture. Honey bees suffer from a variety of maladies attributed to pesticides, climate change, parasites, and disease, all of which contribute to increased bee mortality and catastrophic hive death such as Colony Collapse Disorder. A number of these issues appear to affect wild pollinators as well. In order to conserve and protect our pollinator resources, this chapter describes a number of major stressors that lead to bee mortality and offers suggestions to im...

The controlled application of biosolids to cropland by subsurface injection or surface spreading ... more The controlled application of biosolids to cropland by subsurface injection or surface spreading is introduced in this chapter. Specifically, the land application process operation, design criteria, performance, biosolids application rates, staffing requirements, process monitoring, sensory observation, normal operating procedures, process control considerations, emergency operating procedures, safety considerations, application and design examples, costs, and troubleshooting guide are presented and discussed in detail. Proper land application for watershed protection is discussed.

Books by Lawrence K . Wang

Chinese Community Center (2016). The 40th Anniversary Concert of the Chinese Community Center ... more Chinese Community Center (2016). The 40th Anniversary Concert of the Chinese Community Center Chorus 華社合唱團慶祝四十週年紀念演唱會, May 8, 2016, https://cccalbany.org/news/4023681 ...... ABSTRACT: 2016 marks the 40th anniversary of the Chinese Community Center (CCC) Chorus 紐約奧本尼華社合唱團. The CCC Chorus was founded in 1976 under the auspices of Chinese Community Center, a non-profit organization devoted to promoting and supporting the appreciation of Chinese cultural heritage in the Capital District. Our chorus was initiated by a few amateur singers with a desire for individual musical enrichment and community cultural activities. It is the longest performing group in CCC. We have represented CCC and brought musical enjoyment at charity functions, corporate events and international festivals. We have performed in many venues throughout the area, including a 1989 joint concert at Lincoln Center's Avery Fisher Hall with other Chinese choruses in the northeast states, and a 2011 Mo Hu (Mohawk Hudson Art Festival) performance at Schenectady's Proctors Theater with eight other Community Choruses in the Capital District. The CCC Chorus performs a wide variety of music including Chinese classics, traditional as well as popular pieces. In our 40 years together, we have accumulated a music library of more than one hundred selections, with numerous folk songs from the many regions of China. Over these years, the chorus has sung over 120 songs, written in various languages (English, Chinese, Taiwanese, Mongolian, Irish, Hebrew etc.) and of different genres (pop, folk, classical etc.). It's the common love for music and the fun atmosphere that let us take up the challenges and push forward. As the chorus goes into the next decade, the fun will continue for all of us, new and old, and we are looking forward to seeing you all, year after year. The CCC Chorus 40th anniversary concert program includes : (1) 白雲歌，送劉十六歸山 Song of the White Cloud [1976]; (2) 月琴 Moon Zither [1982]; (3) 詩經三首 Three Songs from “Book of Odes; (4) 再別康橋 Farewell to Cambridge [1977]; (5) Der Tanz, The Dance [1825]; (6) Cantique de Jean Racine, Chant by Jean Racine [1865]; (7) 賞月舞 Moon Dance; (8) 四海 Dorven Dalai [The Four Seas] [1983] ; (9) Dodi Li, My Beloved Is Mine; (10) The Shadow of Your Smile [1965]; (11) Summertime [1934]; (12) Amazing Grace [1779]; (13) Beautiful Dreamer [1862]; (14) 茉莉花 Jasmine Flower; (15). 大海呀，故鄉 The Call of the Ocean [1983]; (16) You Raise Me Up [2001]; (17) 海峽音詩 Ocean Gorge Symphonic Poem; (18) 大江東去 The Great River Flows East [1922]; (19) 我不知道風是在哪一個方向吹 No Idea in Which Direction the Wind Blows [2008]; (20) 月亮代表我的心 The Moon Speaks for My Heart; and (21) 口是心非 You Lie As You Swear [1997] ..... KEYWORDS: Music, Chinese Community Center (CCC), CCC Chorus, Albany, New York, USA, History, 40th Anniversary, Concert.

Global Humanities and Liberal Arts, 2023

Stoler, Paul (2023). Some memories of lifetime through years of paintings. In: "Global Humanit... more Stoler, Paul (2023). Some memories of lifetime through years of paintings. In: "Global Humanities and Liberal Arts", Wang, Lawrence K. (Editor). Volume 2023, Number 6, 2023(6), June 25, 2023, 27 pages. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. Lenox.Institute@gmail.com; stolerpaul@gmail.com. https://doi.org/10.17613/hnxd-9j13 ........ ABSTRACT: This work consists of a collection of paintings invoking some of my memories. Janet and I were married and started a life in Troy, New York, USA, 57 years ago where we raised a wonderful family. Some of these paintings include the following themes: our home life with family, my impressions of Troy’s urban plight in the 1960s and 70s, our periods of travel and residence in Paris, and my visit to Verchivka, Ukraine. There is also a group of paintings in this collection, made over the years, relating to the basic existential question faced by every human - who am I and why am I here? ..... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Toh-Ming Lu, who first made me aware of the possibility of producing this work and introducing me to Larry Wang of the Lenox Institute. Larry Wang of the Lenox Institute, for generously agreeing to publish this, and guiding me through this.
Janet Stoler, my wife and companion for encouragement, advice, and for helping to edit this work. ..... NOTE: I grew up in Brooklyn, together with my brother Larry and sister Matel. Our parents were immigrants from Poland and Ukraine. I attended Brooklyn College, and then obtained a PhD in nuclear physics from Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. There I met my future wife and life partner Janet. I was a faculty member in physics at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in Troy, New York, USA for 50 years, beginning in 1966. I taught and did research in nuclear/particle physics. Janet and I have had 57 wonderful years together raising our family: daughter Lisa and son David. We travelled to many interesting places, both internationally and domestically, many of which were made possible through my worldwide physics research collaborations.

"Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", 2023

Tsao, Hung-ping (2023). Mathematics of Hung-Ping Tsao II: Business Mathematics.In: "Evolutionary ... more Tsao, Hung-ping (2023). Mathematics of Hung-Ping Tsao II: Business Mathematics.In: "Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)", Wang, Lawrence K. and Tsao, Hung-ping (editors). Volume 5, NUMBER 4, April 2023; 238 pages. Lenox Institute Press, Auburndale, MA, 02466, USA. No. STEAM-VOL5-NUM4-APR2023, .... ABSTRACT: During my seventeen years (1985-2002) of teaching at College of Business, San Francisco State University, the tailor-made textbook “College Mathematics” for my classes has been out of print for over twenty years now. I would like to share its contents, except for problem sections, with readers who might benefit from quite a few innovative ideas in pedagogical perspectives. The purpose of this sequel of “MATHEMATICS OF HUNG-PING TSAO” (see the link h-tsao-2020-hcommons.org) is to share, retrospectively, with readers the stem of my teaching resources. I would especially like to refresh my Kung-fu analogy of those differentiation rules, new approach in solving optimization problems in calculus and the cross-multiplication method for solving linear programming problems. All in all, my doctoral dissertation “Some Extremal Problems in Ordered Structures” played an important role in my tortuous career, Part I and Part II of which were published more than ten years after their submissions to the Journal of Discrete Mathematics. I was mistreated by the Journal of Discrete Mathematics when Daniel J. Kleitman was the Chief Editor. To support my claim, I present in the end a rejection letter from Daniel J. Kleitman in 1975 with a referee’s comments, contrary to what the reviewer of Mathematical Review said about Part I of my doctoral dissertation. Partly because of my frustration, I pursued eight years of actuarial career, for which I have no remorse. As a matter of fact, I had benefited a lot from it. In “MATHEMATICS OF HUNG-PING TSAO” , I have included many tidbits in Actuarial Mathematics that I previously published in Transactions and ARCH of the Society of Actuaries.

"Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", 2023

El-Shafie, Y.M. (2023). "Sustainable implementation of natural stone waste as cement replacement ... more El-Shafie, Y.M. (2023). "Sustainable implementation of natural stone waste as cement replacement towards optimized concrete", In: "Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", Wang, L.K., Wang, M.H.S., and Pankivskyi, Y.I. (Series Editors). 129 pages. May 2023. Lenox Institute Press, Auburndale, Massachusetts, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/5vdn-4f05 ...... ABSTRACT: The main prospective is the natural characteristics of the stones. Thus, the optimal exploitation corresponds to their potentials and use possibilities. Ornamental stones include marble, granite and other refined stone types. The use of natural stones encompasses the extraction, transportation, manufacturing (sawing, polishing and cutting operations), shredding, installation and disposal process, which is a burden on the environment and causes health issues, in addition to economic issues. The process of recycling waste from the global industries is very profitable. However, waste is still not exploited in the best way on the industrial and investment level. Thus, the generated stone waste could be implemented in concrete composites in different additive percentage in order to rationalize the use of natural resources. The approach is to capacitate the concrete to absorb other industries waste and by-products. Therefore, the use of stone waste powder has a synergic effect positively on the environment, flora and fauna in addition to reducing the carbon footprint of cement, as a result of less energy consumption.