K Siddique-e Rabbani - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by K Siddique-e Rabbani
Journal of Biological Physics, Aug 1, 2007
On electrical stimulation of a peripheral motor nerve, a delayed and reduced Fresponse is obtaine... more On electrical stimulation of a peripheral motor nerve, a delayed and reduced Fresponse is obtained, which is known to occur due to random backfiring of a few percent of the motor nerve fibres at the spinal end after antidromic conduction. F-latencies obtained from multiple stimulations vary in latency, size and shape because of this randomness. We hypothesised that, being a random process, recruitment of fibres for F-response would depend on the distribution of conduction velocity (DCV) for motor nerve fibres directly, and therefore, a frequency distribution of F-latencies (DFL) from such multiple F-responses would be an approximate mirror image of DCV, latency being inversely proportional to velocity. First, obtaining DFL from many human subjects, we have shown that this is a reproducible parameter for a nerve trunk of a subject, and hence reveals a new physiological phenomenon. DFL has a single peaked distribution, which is also expected for the DCV of a normal healthy motor nerve. To validate its hypothesised relationship to DCV further, DFLs were obtained from both median nerves of patients with unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The patterns of DFL from both sides remained almost the same except for a delay shift equal to that in between the two M-responses, which lends support to this hypothesis. DFL, and DCV as its suggested mirror image, appear to change systematically with certain known disorders such as cervical spondylosis, even at a subclinical stage, which needs further study. This also indicates that DFL may become a new and improved investigative diagnostic tool in neurophysiology.
Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, May 11, 2022
PubMed, Dec 1, 1993
The present experiment was designed to find out whether PEMF can act as a healing agent on induce... more The present experiment was designed to find out whether PEMF can act as a healing agent on induced fracture of rat tibia. Eighty rats were taken for this experiment. Under general anaesthesia mid-shaft of tibia and fibula of all rats were osteotomied, Intramedullary nailing was done for proper alignment of the fractured fragments. The animals were then divided into two groups: group-1 and Group-II. Each group contained forty animals. Out of these forty animals twenty were treated as experimental and twenty as control. From the third day of osteotomy, PEMF was applied to experimental rats around the osteotomy sites for a period of nine hours a day. PEMF was not applied to the control rats. The animals of group-1 and group-II were sacrificed after applied one week and three weeks of PEMF, respectively. Radiological and microscopical examination of the callus were performed. Gross and microscopic measurements of the callus were statistically analysed. The growth of callus was taken as a criterion of fracture healing. The results of the present experiment revealed significant enhancement of fracture healing in group-I. The results of the radiological evaluation of group-II experimental animals were also consistent with the morphological analysis. It was concluded that healing of fractured rat tibia was enhanced by the application of PEMF and this effect of PEMF was more pronounced at the end of third week.
ABSTRACT Electrical impedance measurements have the potential to detect and diagnose many disorde... more ABSTRACT Electrical impedance measurements have the potential to detect and diagnose many disorders and diseases in the human body. Focused Impedance Method (FIM) and Pigeon Hole Imaging (PHI) are two related simple modalities to obtain electrical impedance of localised regions, innovated by the author, and developed by his group at Dhaka. Other methods are either not localised, or if localised, are too much sophisticated and potentially expensive. In this paper several applications of FIM that are being tried are described. FIM and PHI can be made as portable equipment at low cost and can be designed to operate using reusable electrodes, requiring no consumable cost, thus making these techniques suitable for the Third World.
European Biophysics Journal, Sep 16, 2019
Electrical impedance measurements of biological tissue have many potential applications and tetra... more Electrical impedance measurements of biological tissue have many potential applications and tetrapolar impedance measurement (TPIM) with four electrodes is traditionally used which eliminates high skin contact impedance. A linear array of four electrodes for TPIM on the horizontal plane of a cylindrical volume conductor of diameter D, where the length of the array is πD/2 with potential electrodes near the centre of the array, will give a high sensitivity near the surface which reduces rapidly with depth. A recently proposed six-electrode variation of TPIM uses an additional pair of potential electrodes on the opposite side of the volume conductor in the same horizontal plane around the circumference, with the expectation that the sensitivity of the deeper regions will thereby be enhanced. The present work carries out a finite element simulation (using COMSOL) and an experimental phantom study (saline phantom) to quantitatively evaluate the improvement obtained by this new method. The new configuration doubled the sensitivity at the central region, which was reasonably uniform over a wider zone, gradually increasing towards the potential electrodes on both sides. This would be useful for a range of biological studies of deep body organs such as lungs, stomach, and bladder. where the respective external body shapes may be approximated by an oval cylinder and where electrical impedance techniques have shown promise.
Physiological Measurement, 1996
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is designed essentially for two-dimensional imaging, but cu... more Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is designed essentially for two-dimensional imaging, but current flow in the third dimension causes images to be formed for objects in 3D. The present work has shown that the image of an object is shifted in position towards the centre almost linearly with the 3D distance from the electrode plane and that the slope of this linear variation depends on the radial distance of the object. An empirical curve has been fitted to this dependence, based on which a method has been developed to locate 3D point objects from EIT measurements in only two planes. This will be useful in clinical and other applications in which 3D objects are few and widely separated. This new methodology may be the basis for 3D imaging in the future.
Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology
Technology for providing clean drinking water to remote areas of low-resource nations remains a s... more Technology for providing clean drinking water to remote areas of low-resource nations remains a significant challenge for human life The study aimed to develop a simple technology for rural households that might be adopted to utilize the bactericidal properties of metals. Three thick metal sheets made of copper, zinc, and brass (an alloy of copper and zinc) were used in this study work. These metallic sheets were placed in three plastic (polythene) containers with base areas 11cm x 7cm each so that the metallic sheets covered the entire base areas of the respective containers. Fifty ml, one hundred ml, and four hundred ml of contaminated water from a public pond were added to each container, covered with lids, and shaken/left undisturbed at room temperature. The microbial analysis of Total Aerobic Bacteria (TAB), Total Coliform Bacteria (TCC), and E. coli was done every 24 hours up to twenty-eight days of storage at room temperature. E. coli is considered an indicator of diarrhoeal ...
Solid-state Electronics, Feb 1, 1983
ABSTRACT
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Apr 1, 1999
Frontiers in Neuroscience, Apr 17, 2023
Background: Based on published experimental evidence, a recent publication revealed an anomalous ... more Background: Based on published experimental evidence, a recent publication revealed an anomalous phenomenon in nerve conduction: for myelinated nerves the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) increases with stretch, which should have been the opposite according to existing concepts and theories since the diameter decreases on stretching. To resolve the anomaly, a new conduction mechanism for myelinated nerves was proposed based on physiological changes in the nodal region, introducing a new electrical resistance at the node. The earlier experimental measurements of NCV were performed on the ulnar nerve at different angles of flexion, focusing at the elbow region, but left some uncertainty for not reporting the lengths of nerve segments involved so that the magnitudes of stretch could not be estimated. Aims: The aim of the present study was to relate NCV of myelinated nerves with different magnitudes of stretch through careful measurements. Method: Essentially, we duplicated the earlier published NCV measurements on ulnar nerves at different angles of flexion but recording appropriate distances between nerve stimulation points on the skin carefully and assuming that the lengths of the underlying nerve segment undergoes the same percentages of changes as that on the skin outside. Results: We found that the percentage of nerve stretch across the elbow is directly proportional to the angle of flexion and that the percentage increase in NCV is directly proportional to the percentage increase in nerve stretch. Page's L Trend test also supported the above trends of changes through obtained p values. Discussion: Our experimental findings on myelinated nerves agree with those of some recent publications which measured changes in CV of single fibres, both myelinated and unmyelinated, on stretch. Analyzing all the observed results, we may infer that the new conduction mechanism based on the nodal resistance and proposed by the recent publication mentioned above is the most plausible one to explain the increase in CV with nerve stretch. Furthermore, interpreting the experimental results in the light of the new mechanism, we may suggest that the ulnar nerve at the forearm is always under a mild stretch, with slightly increased NCV of the myelinated nerves.
Solid-state Electronics, Sep 1, 1978
Micromachines, Mar 23, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
arXiv (Cornell University), May 29, 2019
Evoked EMG M-responses obtained from the thenar muscle in the palm by electrical stimulation of t... more Evoked EMG M-responses obtained from the thenar muscle in the palm by electrical stimulation of the median nerve demonstrate a well-established smooth bipolar shape for normal healthy subjects while kinks are observed in certain neurological disorders, particularly in cervical spondylotic neuropathy. A first differentiation failed to identify these kinks because of comparable values obtained for normally rising and falling segments of the smooth regions, and due to noise. In this study, the usefulness of the wavelet transform (WT), that provides localized measures of nonstationary signals is investigated. The Haar WT was used to analyze a total of 36 M-responses recorded from the median nerves of 6 normal subjects (having smooth shape) and 12 subjects with assumed neurological disorders (having kinks), for two points of stimulation on the same nerve. Features in the timescale representation of the M-responses were studied using WT to distinguish smooth M-responses from ones with kinks. Variations in the coefficient line of the WT were also studied to allow visualization of WT at different scales (inverse of frequency). The high and low frequency regions in the WT came out distinctively which helped identifications of kinks even of very subtle ones in the M-responses which were difficult to obtain using the differentiated signal. In conclusion, the wavelet analysis may be a technique of choice in identifying kinks in M-responses in relation to time, thus enhancing the accuracy of neurological diagnosis.
Journal of physics, Apr 18, 2013
Focused Impedance Method (FIM) gives enhanced localized sensitivity at the centre of a zone defin... more Focused Impedance Method (FIM) gives enhanced localized sensitivity at the centre of a zone defined by a simple system of electrodes, of which a 4-electrode version with electrodes at the corners of a square region has been studied in detail in the present work. The present work studies the effect of a large sphere whose diameter almost equals the dimensions of the central focused zone, or, the Focused Impedance. The sphere is placed at different positions with respect to the centre of the system at the electrode plane. The study has been made using a phantom in which the electrodes are fixed on a side wall while an insulating ball is hung at various positions inside the saline and moved with respect to the electrodes in their vicinity. The same was then simulated by providing appropriate parameters in COMSOL multiphysics, a software package utilizing Finite Element Method, by providing appropriately matching parameters. The measured impedance decreases to the background value as the ball is moved away from the centre in the electrode plane or along the depth, which is expected. The sensitivity also decreases with an increase in electrode spacing. The behaviours agreed very well with that obtained using COMSOL multiphysics package..
Solid-state Electronics, Jun 1, 1987
ABSTRACT
Solid-state Electronics, Jul 1, 1981
ABSTRACT
Bangladesh journal of medical physics, Apr 22, 2013
Journal of Biological Physics, Aug 1, 2007
On electrical stimulation of a peripheral motor nerve, a delayed and reduced Fresponse is obtaine... more On electrical stimulation of a peripheral motor nerve, a delayed and reduced Fresponse is obtained, which is known to occur due to random backfiring of a few percent of the motor nerve fibres at the spinal end after antidromic conduction. F-latencies obtained from multiple stimulations vary in latency, size and shape because of this randomness. We hypothesised that, being a random process, recruitment of fibres for F-response would depend on the distribution of conduction velocity (DCV) for motor nerve fibres directly, and therefore, a frequency distribution of F-latencies (DFL) from such multiple F-responses would be an approximate mirror image of DCV, latency being inversely proportional to velocity. First, obtaining DFL from many human subjects, we have shown that this is a reproducible parameter for a nerve trunk of a subject, and hence reveals a new physiological phenomenon. DFL has a single peaked distribution, which is also expected for the DCV of a normal healthy motor nerve. To validate its hypothesised relationship to DCV further, DFLs were obtained from both median nerves of patients with unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The patterns of DFL from both sides remained almost the same except for a delay shift equal to that in between the two M-responses, which lends support to this hypothesis. DFL, and DCV as its suggested mirror image, appear to change systematically with certain known disorders such as cervical spondylosis, even at a subclinical stage, which needs further study. This also indicates that DFL may become a new and improved investigative diagnostic tool in neurophysiology.
Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, May 11, 2022
PubMed, Dec 1, 1993
The present experiment was designed to find out whether PEMF can act as a healing agent on induce... more The present experiment was designed to find out whether PEMF can act as a healing agent on induced fracture of rat tibia. Eighty rats were taken for this experiment. Under general anaesthesia mid-shaft of tibia and fibula of all rats were osteotomied, Intramedullary nailing was done for proper alignment of the fractured fragments. The animals were then divided into two groups: group-1 and Group-II. Each group contained forty animals. Out of these forty animals twenty were treated as experimental and twenty as control. From the third day of osteotomy, PEMF was applied to experimental rats around the osteotomy sites for a period of nine hours a day. PEMF was not applied to the control rats. The animals of group-1 and group-II were sacrificed after applied one week and three weeks of PEMF, respectively. Radiological and microscopical examination of the callus were performed. Gross and microscopic measurements of the callus were statistically analysed. The growth of callus was taken as a criterion of fracture healing. The results of the present experiment revealed significant enhancement of fracture healing in group-I. The results of the radiological evaluation of group-II experimental animals were also consistent with the morphological analysis. It was concluded that healing of fractured rat tibia was enhanced by the application of PEMF and this effect of PEMF was more pronounced at the end of third week.
ABSTRACT Electrical impedance measurements have the potential to detect and diagnose many disorde... more ABSTRACT Electrical impedance measurements have the potential to detect and diagnose many disorders and diseases in the human body. Focused Impedance Method (FIM) and Pigeon Hole Imaging (PHI) are two related simple modalities to obtain electrical impedance of localised regions, innovated by the author, and developed by his group at Dhaka. Other methods are either not localised, or if localised, are too much sophisticated and potentially expensive. In this paper several applications of FIM that are being tried are described. FIM and PHI can be made as portable equipment at low cost and can be designed to operate using reusable electrodes, requiring no consumable cost, thus making these techniques suitable for the Third World.
European Biophysics Journal, Sep 16, 2019
Electrical impedance measurements of biological tissue have many potential applications and tetra... more Electrical impedance measurements of biological tissue have many potential applications and tetrapolar impedance measurement (TPIM) with four electrodes is traditionally used which eliminates high skin contact impedance. A linear array of four electrodes for TPIM on the horizontal plane of a cylindrical volume conductor of diameter D, where the length of the array is πD/2 with potential electrodes near the centre of the array, will give a high sensitivity near the surface which reduces rapidly with depth. A recently proposed six-electrode variation of TPIM uses an additional pair of potential electrodes on the opposite side of the volume conductor in the same horizontal plane around the circumference, with the expectation that the sensitivity of the deeper regions will thereby be enhanced. The present work carries out a finite element simulation (using COMSOL) and an experimental phantom study (saline phantom) to quantitatively evaluate the improvement obtained by this new method. The new configuration doubled the sensitivity at the central region, which was reasonably uniform over a wider zone, gradually increasing towards the potential electrodes on both sides. This would be useful for a range of biological studies of deep body organs such as lungs, stomach, and bladder. where the respective external body shapes may be approximated by an oval cylinder and where electrical impedance techniques have shown promise.
Physiological Measurement, 1996
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is designed essentially for two-dimensional imaging, but cu... more Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is designed essentially for two-dimensional imaging, but current flow in the third dimension causes images to be formed for objects in 3D. The present work has shown that the image of an object is shifted in position towards the centre almost linearly with the 3D distance from the electrode plane and that the slope of this linear variation depends on the radial distance of the object. An empirical curve has been fitted to this dependence, based on which a method has been developed to locate 3D point objects from EIT measurements in only two planes. This will be useful in clinical and other applications in which 3D objects are few and widely separated. This new methodology may be the basis for 3D imaging in the future.
Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology
Technology for providing clean drinking water to remote areas of low-resource nations remains a s... more Technology for providing clean drinking water to remote areas of low-resource nations remains a significant challenge for human life The study aimed to develop a simple technology for rural households that might be adopted to utilize the bactericidal properties of metals. Three thick metal sheets made of copper, zinc, and brass (an alloy of copper and zinc) were used in this study work. These metallic sheets were placed in three plastic (polythene) containers with base areas 11cm x 7cm each so that the metallic sheets covered the entire base areas of the respective containers. Fifty ml, one hundred ml, and four hundred ml of contaminated water from a public pond were added to each container, covered with lids, and shaken/left undisturbed at room temperature. The microbial analysis of Total Aerobic Bacteria (TAB), Total Coliform Bacteria (TCC), and E. coli was done every 24 hours up to twenty-eight days of storage at room temperature. E. coli is considered an indicator of diarrhoeal ...
Solid-state Electronics, Feb 1, 1983
ABSTRACT
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Apr 1, 1999
Frontiers in Neuroscience, Apr 17, 2023
Background: Based on published experimental evidence, a recent publication revealed an anomalous ... more Background: Based on published experimental evidence, a recent publication revealed an anomalous phenomenon in nerve conduction: for myelinated nerves the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) increases with stretch, which should have been the opposite according to existing concepts and theories since the diameter decreases on stretching. To resolve the anomaly, a new conduction mechanism for myelinated nerves was proposed based on physiological changes in the nodal region, introducing a new electrical resistance at the node. The earlier experimental measurements of NCV were performed on the ulnar nerve at different angles of flexion, focusing at the elbow region, but left some uncertainty for not reporting the lengths of nerve segments involved so that the magnitudes of stretch could not be estimated. Aims: The aim of the present study was to relate NCV of myelinated nerves with different magnitudes of stretch through careful measurements. Method: Essentially, we duplicated the earlier published NCV measurements on ulnar nerves at different angles of flexion but recording appropriate distances between nerve stimulation points on the skin carefully and assuming that the lengths of the underlying nerve segment undergoes the same percentages of changes as that on the skin outside. Results: We found that the percentage of nerve stretch across the elbow is directly proportional to the angle of flexion and that the percentage increase in NCV is directly proportional to the percentage increase in nerve stretch. Page's L Trend test also supported the above trends of changes through obtained p values. Discussion: Our experimental findings on myelinated nerves agree with those of some recent publications which measured changes in CV of single fibres, both myelinated and unmyelinated, on stretch. Analyzing all the observed results, we may infer that the new conduction mechanism based on the nodal resistance and proposed by the recent publication mentioned above is the most plausible one to explain the increase in CV with nerve stretch. Furthermore, interpreting the experimental results in the light of the new mechanism, we may suggest that the ulnar nerve at the forearm is always under a mild stretch, with slightly increased NCV of the myelinated nerves.
Solid-state Electronics, Sep 1, 1978
Micromachines, Mar 23, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
arXiv (Cornell University), May 29, 2019
Evoked EMG M-responses obtained from the thenar muscle in the palm by electrical stimulation of t... more Evoked EMG M-responses obtained from the thenar muscle in the palm by electrical stimulation of the median nerve demonstrate a well-established smooth bipolar shape for normal healthy subjects while kinks are observed in certain neurological disorders, particularly in cervical spondylotic neuropathy. A first differentiation failed to identify these kinks because of comparable values obtained for normally rising and falling segments of the smooth regions, and due to noise. In this study, the usefulness of the wavelet transform (WT), that provides localized measures of nonstationary signals is investigated. The Haar WT was used to analyze a total of 36 M-responses recorded from the median nerves of 6 normal subjects (having smooth shape) and 12 subjects with assumed neurological disorders (having kinks), for two points of stimulation on the same nerve. Features in the timescale representation of the M-responses were studied using WT to distinguish smooth M-responses from ones with kinks. Variations in the coefficient line of the WT were also studied to allow visualization of WT at different scales (inverse of frequency). The high and low frequency regions in the WT came out distinctively which helped identifications of kinks even of very subtle ones in the M-responses which were difficult to obtain using the differentiated signal. In conclusion, the wavelet analysis may be a technique of choice in identifying kinks in M-responses in relation to time, thus enhancing the accuracy of neurological diagnosis.
Journal of physics, Apr 18, 2013
Focused Impedance Method (FIM) gives enhanced localized sensitivity at the centre of a zone defin... more Focused Impedance Method (FIM) gives enhanced localized sensitivity at the centre of a zone defined by a simple system of electrodes, of which a 4-electrode version with electrodes at the corners of a square region has been studied in detail in the present work. The present work studies the effect of a large sphere whose diameter almost equals the dimensions of the central focused zone, or, the Focused Impedance. The sphere is placed at different positions with respect to the centre of the system at the electrode plane. The study has been made using a phantom in which the electrodes are fixed on a side wall while an insulating ball is hung at various positions inside the saline and moved with respect to the electrodes in their vicinity. The same was then simulated by providing appropriate parameters in COMSOL multiphysics, a software package utilizing Finite Element Method, by providing appropriately matching parameters. The measured impedance decreases to the background value as the ball is moved away from the centre in the electrode plane or along the depth, which is expected. The sensitivity also decreases with an increase in electrode spacing. The behaviours agreed very well with that obtained using COMSOL multiphysics package..
Solid-state Electronics, Jun 1, 1987
ABSTRACT
Solid-state Electronics, Jul 1, 1981
ABSTRACT
Bangladesh journal of medical physics, Apr 22, 2013