KUMAR PAWAN SINGH - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by KUMAR PAWAN SINGH

Improving the reproductive health of young women in developing countries requires access to safe ... more Improving the reproductive health of young women in developing countries requires access to safe and effective methods of fertility control. Contraception is a single most important intervention of fertility control which reduce burden of unwanted pregnancy and promote healthy living among young women. India is a vast country and has socio-cultural and behavioral diversities. To access the impact of type of modern contraceptives, the study has been carried out for the state Uttar Pradesh and a large influence on fertility and mortality of the country have been explained by this state only. The current study contains the influence of socio-cultural, demographic and behavioral factors on the use of temporary and permanent method of contraception which explains the current scenario of contraceptive use. The comparative study between the use of temporary method and permanent method of contraception has been carried out by controlling socioeconomic , cultural and demographic characteristics. The study reveals that the permanent method of contraception is more popular method than the temporary method of contraception among the females of Uttar Pradesh. As educational status and wealth status of the female increases the use of temporary method of contraception increases significantly. Females with higher marital duration and the females who have crossed their ideal family size have significantly higher chance of using permanent method of contraception. The study looks at data from the NFHS-III conducted from 2005-06 in Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state of India. The data contains 7510 currently married females of age-interval 15-49 years.

Irrational prescription of drugs is a common occurrence in clinical practice. The aim of the stud... more Irrational prescription of drugs is a common occurrence in clinical practice. The aim of the study is to assess the prescription pattern of drugs at the Outpatient Department of a tertiary care SGM Hospital, Central India, Madhya Pradesh. 3587 prescriptions were randomly collected from OPDs departments and were analysed according to the WHO/INRUD indicators. Results of this study show that the maximum patients - 43.57% attending OPD belonged to 33-42 age group, and maximum - 34.54% prescriptions were from the Department of Medicine. Nutritional supplements (25.83%), NSAIDs (25.43%), antibiotics (22.19%) and GIT drugs (18.75%) were the most commonly prescribed groups. Maximum (96.88%) drugs were prescribed by generic names. The average number of drugs per prescriptions was 3.11, most (36.71 %) of the prescriptions had 4 drugs, injectable drugs were used in 8.83% prescriptions, while fixed dose combinations were used in 33.43% prescriptions. Prescription rationality in this study is poor in terms of polypharmacy, and excessive use of nutritional supplements.

Advanced Science Focus, 2014

In this work, we report a very simple three-step route for the synthesis of graphene flakes. The ... more In this work, we report a very simple three-step route for the synthesis of graphene flakes. The three steps include thermal reduction, toluene-stabilization and minimal energy induction by sodium salt. Graphene flakes thus obtained were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy and further used for electrochemical sensing.

International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security, 2012

Black hole attack in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network is major problem related with the field of computer... more Black hole attack in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network is major problem related with the field of computer networking. In this paper we present the performance analysis of the black hole attack in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network. We elaborate the different types of attacks and their depth in ad hoc network. The performance metric is taken for the evaluation of attack which depends on a packet end to end delay, network throughput and network load. The delay, throughput and load are simulated by the help of OPNET 14.5 modeler. The simulation setup comprises of 30 Vehicular nodes moving with constant speed of 10 meter per second. The data rate of Vehicular nodes is 11 Mbps with default transmitting power of 0.005 watts. With On Demand Distance Vector Routing and Optimized Link State Routing the malicious node buffer size is lowered to a level which increase packet drops.

International Transactions in Operational Research, 2014

This paper evaluates the performance of coal-fired thermal power plants in India for the year 200... more This paper evaluates the performance of coal-fired thermal power plants in India for the year 2008-2009 using data envelopment analysis (DEA); subdividing the power plants into three categories depending on their scale-small, medium, and large. The classical DEA model is analyzed to identify the efficient ones from the whole gamut of plants run by various organizations of the central government, state government, and private sector. Slack analysis is carried out to explore the specific areas that need to be focused on, in quantitative terms, for the overall efficiency improvement. Further efficiency evaluation is extended from a single criterionbased conventional approach to a multiple criteria oriented approach, and the resulting DEA models are more efficient and flexible in many aspects, particularly in discriminant and weight analysis. Results of multicriteria DEA (MCDEA) are substantiated with cross-efficiency analysis by deploying the weights obtained by the MCDEA in the cross-efficiency analysis. On the basis of the insights provided by the outcome of the analysis, both qualitative and quantitative measures are proposed for improvement of the plant performances. The result of this analysis may assist the management of the power plants to introspect and review their systems and processes for optimal use of resources. The methodology adopted in the present work can also be employed for deeper understanding of power plants in other parts of India as well as in other countries.

Polar Biology, 2012

Environmental stress in the Arctic region leads to damage in plant membranes as a result of oxida... more Environmental stress in the Arctic region leads to damage in plant membranes as a result of oxidation processes. To withstand these stress conditions, plants are expected to produce antioxidants that differ from phenolics. Here we investigated the chemical composition and antioxidative activities of four Arctic flowering plant species (Dryas octopetala, Carex rupestris, Silene uralensis, and Deschampsia alpina.) through in vitro measurements of the Free Radical Scavenging activities (FRS), Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation (ILP) and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacities (TEAC). D. octopetala exhibited the highest ILP (76.45%) and FRS (86.58%) activities. The TEAC values were higher than those of the Trolox vitamin E standard in all four species. Overall, the antioxidative activity was highest in D. octopetala, followed by C. rupestris, S. uralensis, and D. alpina. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (ESI-MS/MS) analysis of methanolic extracts of these plants revealed the presence of organoselenides, linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS) and oligosaccharides, some of which are reported as antioxidants in the literature. Hence, it is likely that the antioxidant activities exhibited by these plants are not only related to the production of phenolics. This is the first report of the antioxidant potential of four Arctic flowering plants and the presence of selenides in D. octopetala and S. uralensis, and the production of LAS in C. rupestris. Our findings suggest that these plants can be used as nutraceutical sources of selenium and as biomarkers for environmental pollution.

Pharmacognosy Journal, 2010

Lectins, the carbohydrate-binding proteins of nonimmune origin, have been the subject of intense ... more Lectins, the carbohydrate-binding proteins of nonimmune origin, have been the subject of intense investigation over the last few decades owing to the variety of interesting biological properties. Most of the lectins which have been purified and characterized from plants have been obtained from dicotyledons. After the discovery of WGA [1] , the first lectin from a monocot (Gramineae), more lectins were isolated from this and other monocot families such as the Liliaceae [2] Amaryllidaceae, Alliaceae [3] and Araceae [4]. Various Gramineae lectins from Triticum aestivum, Secale cereale, Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa, Brachypodium sylvaticum and Agropyrum repens have been purified and characterized. Lectins are divided into different groups depending on their carbohydrate specificities as follows: (i) glucose and mannose binding, (ii) mannose binding, (iii) D-galactose binding, (iv) N-acetylglucosamine binding, and (v) sialic acid binding [5]. The abundance and the variety of carbohydrate specificities of lectins raised the interest to use these molecules for isolation and analysis of complex carbohydrates, cell separation and studies of cell surface architecture. Lectins display a variety of biological activities including antitumor [6] , immunomodulatory [7] , antifungal [8] , anti-HIV [9] , and anti-insect [10] activities. The first mitogenic agent to be described was PHA, the lectin from red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), by Nowell [11]. The discovery of lectin-mediated mitogenesis led to the detection of many other mitogenic lectins, most notably Concanavalin A [12] , WGA [13] and PWM [14]. Some examples include the mitogenic lectins from underground tubers of Gonatanthus pumilus and Sauromatum guttatum [15]. Carbohydrate epitopes expressed on cell surface undergo certain changes during transformation, for example

Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2013

ABSTRACT Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for plant height (PHT) and other yield-related traits inc... more ABSTRACT Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for plant height (PHT) and other yield-related traits including number of fruits per plant (NFP), ten fruits weight (TFW), fruit length (FL), fruit width (FW), total fruit weight (ToFW) and pericarp thickness (PT) were mapped in intraspecific advanced recom-binant inbred line (RIL) populations of pepper. The RILs were evaluated for 2 years (F 8 and F 9) for plant height and seven other yield-related traits. Three types of molecular markers; simple sequence repeat (SSR), sequenced characterized am-plified region (SCAR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)—were used to generate linkage maps. A total of 10 QTLs for yield-related traits were mapped on four linkage groups (LG). QTLs for plant height were mapped on LG5. The phenotypic contribution of these QTLs ranged from 8 % to 51 % in mean over environments. Out of 10 QTLs detected, nine were stable in both environments except the QTL for fruit length (Qfl.iivr.3.4) on LG3. The five QTLs; Qfw.iivr-2.1, Qtfw.iivr-2.1, Qtofw.iivr-2.1, Qnfp.iivr-2.1 and Qpt.iivr-2.1 were on the same marker interval on LG2 and one QTL, Qtofw.iivr-3.1 were tightly linked on LG3, which sug-gests that these genomic regions play an important role in enhancing pepper production. The genomic regions of all stable QTLs identified may serve as potential target regions for fine mapping and development of molecular markers for manipulation of yield and morphological traits in pepper.

Cancer Research, 2013

Resistance to chemotherapy and metastases are the major causes of breast cancer-related mortality... more Resistance to chemotherapy and metastases are the major causes of breast cancer-related mortality. Moreover, cancer stem cells (CSC) play critical roles in cancer progression and treatment resistance. Previously, it was found that CSC-like cells can be generated by aberrant activation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), thereby making anti-EMT strategies a novel therapeutic option for treatment of aggressive breast cancers. Here, we report that the transcription factor FOXC2 induced in response to multiple EMT signaling pathways as well as elevated in stem cell-enriched factions is a critical determinant of mesenchymal and stem cell properties, in cells induced to undergo EMT- and CSC-enriched breast cancer cell lines. More specifically, attenuation of FOXC2 expression using lentiviral short hairpin RNA led to inhibition of the mesenchymal phenotype and associated invasive and stem cell properties, which included reduced mammosphere-forming ability and tumor initiation. Wher...

Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2007

Situs inversus is a morphological anomaly of positioning of internal viscera wherein there is a r... more Situs inversus is a morphological anomaly of positioning of internal viscera wherein there is a reversal of the usual 'handedness' of visceral topography. The reversal may be thoracic, abdominal or both. It is estimated to occur in 1 in 5000-20,000 births. 1,2 Though situs inversus on its own is not pathological, it may be associated with cardiorespiratory, hepatopancreaticobiliary, gastrointestinal, neurological, orthopaedic and urological anomalies, some of which may be life-threatening. 1,3 In the published literature, there have been only about 40 reports of open cholecystectomy in the pre-laparoscopic era and 20 reports of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with situs inversus. 2,4,5 The variation from the norm of the sidedness of the gall bladder is attended by differences in presentation, difficulties in diagnosis and the need for modifications in operative technique as reported below. Case report A 57-year-old woman presented to the surgical clinic with a few months' history of intermittent left upper quadrant pain, radiating to the left scapular region and aggravated by fatty food. Imaging by an ultrasound scan and subsequently by a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatogram showed abdominal situs inversus with gall stones in a left-sided gall bladder (Fig. 1). The liver was oriented in a mirror image of its usual anatomical lie, with the larger anatomical lobe lying on the left side while the smaller lobe crossed the midline to the right.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1987