Kamran Syed - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Kamran Syed

Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2006

Northern peatlands are a diverse group of ecosystems varying along a continuum of hydrological, c... more Northern peatlands are a diverse group of ecosystems varying along a continuum of hydrological, chemical, and vegetation gradients. These ecosystems contain about one third of the global soil carbon pool, but it is uncertain how carbon and water cycling processes ...

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2006

Net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange was measured in two contrasting peatlands in northern Alber... more Net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange was measured in two contrasting peatlands in northern Alberta, Canada using the eddy covariance technique during the growing season (May-October). Sphagnum spp. made up approximately 66% of the total LAI (1.52 m 2 m À2) at the poor fen and the total N content of Sphagnum capitula was 7.8 mg g À1 at the peak of the growing season. In contrast, the dominant plant species at the extreme-rich fen site, the perennial sedge, Carex lasiocarpa, accounted for approximately 60% of the total LAI (1.09 m 2 m À2), and had leaf total N content of 19.3 mg g À1 at peak biomass. In addition, the peak aboveground biomass was higher at the poor fen (230.9 g m À2) than at the extreme-rich fen (157.1 g m À2). Both sites had maximum daily rates of net CO 2 uptake of approximately 5 mmol m À2 s À1 , and typical nighttime rates of CO 2 loss of approximately 2 mmol m À2 s À1 during the peak of the growing season. Calculations of maximum photosynthetic and respiratory capacity were consistently higher at the extreme-rich fen. The poor fen was a net sink for CO 2 during 4 of the 6 months (peaking at 44 g C m À2 in July), while only slight net losses of CO 2 (3 g C m À2) occurred in May and September. In contrast, the extreme-rich fen was calculated to be a significant net sink for CO 2 only during 2 months of the growing season (peaking at 30 g C m À2 in August), while significant net losses of CO 2 occurred in May (8 g C m À2) and in October (13 g C m À2). The plant species at the poor fen site were active earlier and later in the growing season, while it took longer for C. lasiocarpa to develop leaf tissue, and leaf senescence and reduction in photosynthetic activity occurred earlier in the fall at the extreme-rich fen. When integrated over the 6-month growing season, the poor fen was a net sink (90 g C m À2) that was three times larger than the extreme-rich fen (31 g C m À2). The ratio of cumulative total ecosystem respiration to gross primary production was 0.7 at the poor fen and 0.9 at the extreme-rich fen.

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2006

Peatlands cover about 21% of the landscape and contain about 80% of the soil carbon stock in west... more Peatlands cover about 21% of the landscape and contain about 80% of the soil carbon stock in western Canada. However, the current rates of carbon accumulation and the environmental controls on ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration in peatland ecosystems are poorly understood. As part of Fluxnet-Canada, we continuously measured net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) using the eddy covariance technique in a treed fen dominated by stunted Picea mariana and Larix laricina trees during August 2003-December 2004. The total carbon stock in the ecosystem was approximately 51,000 g C m À2 , with only 540 g C m À2 contributed by live above ground vegetation. The NEE measurements were used to parameterize simple physiological models to assess temporal variation in maximum ecosystem photosynthesis (A max) and ecosystem respiration rate at 10 8C (R 10). During midsummer the ecosystem had a relatively high A max (approx. 30 mmol m À2 s À1) with relatively low R 10 (approx. 4 mmol m À2 s À1). The peak midday NEE uptake rate during July and August was 10 mmol m À2 s À1. The ecosystem showed large seasonal variation in photosynthetic and respiratory activity that was correlated with shifts in temperature, with both spring increases and fall decreases in A max well predicted by the mean daily air temperature averaged over the preceding 21 days. Leaf-level gas exchange and spectral reflectance measurements also suggested that seasonal changes in photosynthetic activity were primarily controlled by shifts in temperature. Ecosystem respiration was strongly correlated with changes in ecosystem photosynthesis during the growing season, suggesting important links between plant activity and mycorrhizae and microbial activity in the shallow layers of the peat. Only very low rates of respiration were observed during the winter months. During 2004, the peatland recorded a net annual gain of 144 g C m À2 year À1 , the result of a difference between gross photosynthesis of 713 and total ecosystem respiration of 569 g C m À2 year À1 .

Quaternary Research, 2004

Well-preserved shorelines in Estancia basin and a relatively simple hydrologic setting have promp... more Well-preserved shorelines in Estancia basin and a relatively simple hydrologic setting have prompted several inquiries into the basin's hydrologic balance for the purpose of estimating regional precipitation during the late Pleistocene. Estimates have ranged from 86% to 150% of modern, the disparity largely the result of assumptions about past temperatures. In this study, we use an array of models for surface-water runoff, groundwater flow, and lake energy balance to examine previously proposed scenarios for late Pleistocene climate. Constraints imposed by geologic evidence of past lake levels indicate that precipitation for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) may have doubled relative to modern values during brief episodes of colder and wetter climate and that annual runoff was as much as 15% of annual precipitation during these episodes.

International Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 2021

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2017

A tooth is said to be impacted if it does not reach the occlusal plane even after two-thirds root... more A tooth is said to be impacted if it does not reach the occlusal plane even after two-thirds root formation. The aetiology of impacted teeth is varied and multi-factorial. Significant problems associated with impacted teeth include trismus, infection, cervical caries of second molars. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of distal caries in second molar teeth due to impacted third molars and to compare with similar studies conducted elsewhere. Study included assessment of patients reporting between 2009 to 2014 for dental care at College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study which included a total of 6000 Orthopantomograms (OPGs). The data collected was decoded and entered into excel spread sheet. Descriptive analysis of the data was done and results were displayed as frequency table and graphs. A total of 979 patients had impacted third molars (16.31%). A total of 39% patient's with impacted t...

This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at T... more This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author.

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 2007

Indian Journal of Otology

Journal of international oral health : JIOH, 2013

To report the prevalence of impacted third molars according to the age, gender and type among Sau... more To report the prevalence of impacted third molars according to the age, gender and type among Saudi population. This retrospective study involved 3800 panoramic radiographs of subjects aged 18 to 45 years who presented to the College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for oral care during the period from February 2009 to February 2011. Data collected was entered into a spreadsheet (Excel 2000; Microsoft, US) and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. A total of 713 impacted teeth were identified (18.76%) (p=0.003). The male to female ratio with impacted third molars was 604:109 (5.54:1) and the ratio of patients with impacted teeth was (5:1). Age group 1 (i.e., 20 to 25 years)had the highest prevalence of third molar tooth impaction (64.5%) and this decreased with increasing age. Incidence of tooth impaction is higher in the mandible than in maxilla. Males had a higher incidence of third molar impaction as compare...

Dynamic topography information landscapes are capable of visualizing longitudinal changes in larg... more Dynamic topography information landscapes are capable of visualizing longitudinal changes in large document repositories. Resembling tectonic processes in the natural world, dynamic rendering reflects both long-term trends and short-term fluctuations in such repositories. To visualize the rise and decay of topics, the mapping algorithm elevates and lowers related sets of concentric contour lines. Acknowledging the growing number of documents to be processed by stateof-the-art Web intelligence applications, we present a scalable, incremental approach for generating such landscapes. The processing pipeline includes a number of sequential tasks, from crawling, filtering and pre-processing Web content to projecting, labeling and rendering the aggregated information. Processing steps central to incremental processing are found in the projection stage which consists of document clustering, cluster force-directed placement, and fast document positioning. We introduce two different positioning methods and compare them in an incremental setting using two different quality measures. The evaluation is performed on a set of approximately 5000 documents taken from the environmental blog sample of the Media Watch on Climate Change (www.ecoresearch.net/climate), a Web content aggregator about climate change and related environmental issues that serves static versions of the information landscapes presented in this paper as part of a multiple coordinated view representation.

The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2013

The efflorescence of an individual KH(2)PO(4) droplet on Teflon substrate was investigated by mic... more The efflorescence of an individual KH(2)PO(4) droplet on Teflon substrate was investigated by micro-Raman spectroscopy. With the decrease of relative humidity (RH) from 98.0% to 73.0%, the KH(2)PO(4) droplet lost water gradually and entered into supersaturated state, which was reflected by the area ratio between the water stretching band to the sum of ν(s)-PO(2) and ν(s)-P(OH)(2) bands of the H(2)PO(4)(-) (A(H(2)O)/(A((ν(s)-PO(2))+A(ν(s)-P(OH)(2))))). In 1.0 mol l(-1) KH(2)PO(4) solution, the ν(s)-P(OH)(2) and ν(s)-PO(2) bands appeared at 877 and 1077 cm(-1). In the KH(2)PO(4) droplet, the two bands shifted to 894 and 1039 cm(-1) at 98.0% RH, to 899 and 1031 cm(-1) at 89.6% RH, and then to 904 and 997 cm(-1) at 73.0% RH. Moreover, the aggregation process between the H(2)PO(4)(-) ions was observed from the spectral characteristic of the ν(s)-P(OH)(2) band in the concentration process, including the transitions of the H(2)PO(4)(-) ions from monomer in bulk solutions (0.5-1.0 mol l(-1)) to possible dimers at 98.0% RH and then further to oligomers in the droplet with the RH decrease, which were indicated by the blueshift of the ν(s)-P(OH)(2) band and its full width at half-height as a function of the RH. When the RH reached at 72.0%, the anhydrous crystal was obtained. A strong peak appeared at 928 cm(-1), implying that the four oxygen atoms of the H(2)PO(4 (-) were all hydrogen bonding through the bridge hydrogen atoms to get the extensive hydrogen-bonded network structure of the H(2)PO(4)(-) association, leading to the symmetric increase of the H(2)PO(4)(-) ion from C(2v) in dilute solution to quasi-T(d) in the anhydrous crystal.

The journal of physical chemistry. A, Jan 16, 2012

A single K(2)HPO(4) droplet with size of ∼50 μm on a Teflon substrate was forced to enter into th... more A single K(2)HPO(4) droplet with size of ∼50 μm on a Teflon substrate was forced to enter into the supersaturated state by decreasing the relative humidity (RH), allowing accurate control over the concentration of the solute within a droplet of a nanogram. The K(2)HPO(4) solutions from dilute (0.1-1.0 mol·L(-1) bulk) to concentrated state (a droplet from RH 98.2% to 25.1%) were studied through micro-Raman spectroscopy in the spectral region of about 200-4000 cm(-1). The area ratio between the water stretching band to the sum of the ν(1)-PO(3), ν(2)-POH, and ν(4)-PO(3) bands of the HPO(4)(2-) at various RHs was used to describe the dehydration behavior of a microsized single K(2)HPO(4) droplet in dehumidifying process. The peak position of the v(1)-PO(3) band for the 1 mol·L(-1) bulk solution appeared at 991 cm(-1) and moved to 986 cm(-1) at 98.2% RH, to 978 cm(-1) at 70.2% RH, and then to 964 cm(-1) at 30.0% RH for a droplet, accompanying an increase of the full width at half-height...

This dissertation examines the variations in the results of a physically-based kinematic routing ... more This dissertation examines the variations in the results of a physically-based kinematic routing rainfall-runoff model (KINEROS2) in response to variations in the geometric model definitions caused by grid size and accuracy of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data sets. A range of ...

European Journal of …, 2011

... Muhammad Ilyas Assistant Professor of Economics at Superior University, Lahore Syed Kamran Ma... more ... Muhammad Ilyas Assistant Professor of Economics at Superior University, Lahore Syed Kamran Maqbool Student of M. Phil. ... Muhammad Tahir Rshid Ph. ... [8] Park, HY, Ofori-Dankwa, J. and Bishop,DR (1994), Organizational And Environmental Determinants Of Functional And ...

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2021

Abstract This paper shows the optimisation of the silicon nanowires (SiNWs) synthesis process and... more Abstract This paper shows the optimisation of the silicon nanowires (SiNWs) synthesis process and their features which are relevant for numerous sensing applications. In particular, the target was to design SiNWs substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The majority of SiNWS has been synthesized by vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) method utilizing Au catalyst. However, in this paper, we show that Ag-Au catalyst system offers advantageous features such as a higher number of SiNWs per unit area, reduced SiNWs thickness and improved diameter distribution. The novel SERS sensor was tested utilizing Mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) and compared with the traditional only Au catalysed system. Furthermore, the SiNWs features based on novel Ag-Au catalyst system were varied employing temperature, SiH4 partial pressure and deposition time. Axial and radial SiNWs growth rates and activation energies are determined and discussed.

Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2006

Northern peatlands are a diverse group of ecosystems varying along a continuum of hydrological, c... more Northern peatlands are a diverse group of ecosystems varying along a continuum of hydrological, chemical, and vegetation gradients. These ecosystems contain about one third of the global soil carbon pool, but it is uncertain how carbon and water cycling processes ...

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2006

Net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange was measured in two contrasting peatlands in northern Alber... more Net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange was measured in two contrasting peatlands in northern Alberta, Canada using the eddy covariance technique during the growing season (May-October). Sphagnum spp. made up approximately 66% of the total LAI (1.52 m 2 m À2) at the poor fen and the total N content of Sphagnum capitula was 7.8 mg g À1 at the peak of the growing season. In contrast, the dominant plant species at the extreme-rich fen site, the perennial sedge, Carex lasiocarpa, accounted for approximately 60% of the total LAI (1.09 m 2 m À2), and had leaf total N content of 19.3 mg g À1 at peak biomass. In addition, the peak aboveground biomass was higher at the poor fen (230.9 g m À2) than at the extreme-rich fen (157.1 g m À2). Both sites had maximum daily rates of net CO 2 uptake of approximately 5 mmol m À2 s À1 , and typical nighttime rates of CO 2 loss of approximately 2 mmol m À2 s À1 during the peak of the growing season. Calculations of maximum photosynthetic and respiratory capacity were consistently higher at the extreme-rich fen. The poor fen was a net sink for CO 2 during 4 of the 6 months (peaking at 44 g C m À2 in July), while only slight net losses of CO 2 (3 g C m À2) occurred in May and September. In contrast, the extreme-rich fen was calculated to be a significant net sink for CO 2 only during 2 months of the growing season (peaking at 30 g C m À2 in August), while significant net losses of CO 2 occurred in May (8 g C m À2) and in October (13 g C m À2). The plant species at the poor fen site were active earlier and later in the growing season, while it took longer for C. lasiocarpa to develop leaf tissue, and leaf senescence and reduction in photosynthetic activity occurred earlier in the fall at the extreme-rich fen. When integrated over the 6-month growing season, the poor fen was a net sink (90 g C m À2) that was three times larger than the extreme-rich fen (31 g C m À2). The ratio of cumulative total ecosystem respiration to gross primary production was 0.7 at the poor fen and 0.9 at the extreme-rich fen.

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2006

Peatlands cover about 21% of the landscape and contain about 80% of the soil carbon stock in west... more Peatlands cover about 21% of the landscape and contain about 80% of the soil carbon stock in western Canada. However, the current rates of carbon accumulation and the environmental controls on ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration in peatland ecosystems are poorly understood. As part of Fluxnet-Canada, we continuously measured net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) using the eddy covariance technique in a treed fen dominated by stunted Picea mariana and Larix laricina trees during August 2003-December 2004. The total carbon stock in the ecosystem was approximately 51,000 g C m À2 , with only 540 g C m À2 contributed by live above ground vegetation. The NEE measurements were used to parameterize simple physiological models to assess temporal variation in maximum ecosystem photosynthesis (A max) and ecosystem respiration rate at 10 8C (R 10). During midsummer the ecosystem had a relatively high A max (approx. 30 mmol m À2 s À1) with relatively low R 10 (approx. 4 mmol m À2 s À1). The peak midday NEE uptake rate during July and August was 10 mmol m À2 s À1. The ecosystem showed large seasonal variation in photosynthetic and respiratory activity that was correlated with shifts in temperature, with both spring increases and fall decreases in A max well predicted by the mean daily air temperature averaged over the preceding 21 days. Leaf-level gas exchange and spectral reflectance measurements also suggested that seasonal changes in photosynthetic activity were primarily controlled by shifts in temperature. Ecosystem respiration was strongly correlated with changes in ecosystem photosynthesis during the growing season, suggesting important links between plant activity and mycorrhizae and microbial activity in the shallow layers of the peat. Only very low rates of respiration were observed during the winter months. During 2004, the peatland recorded a net annual gain of 144 g C m À2 year À1 , the result of a difference between gross photosynthesis of 713 and total ecosystem respiration of 569 g C m À2 year À1 .

Quaternary Research, 2004

Well-preserved shorelines in Estancia basin and a relatively simple hydrologic setting have promp... more Well-preserved shorelines in Estancia basin and a relatively simple hydrologic setting have prompted several inquiries into the basin's hydrologic balance for the purpose of estimating regional precipitation during the late Pleistocene. Estimates have ranged from 86% to 150% of modern, the disparity largely the result of assumptions about past temperatures. In this study, we use an array of models for surface-water runoff, groundwater flow, and lake energy balance to examine previously proposed scenarios for late Pleistocene climate. Constraints imposed by geologic evidence of past lake levels indicate that precipitation for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) may have doubled relative to modern values during brief episodes of colder and wetter climate and that annual runoff was as much as 15% of annual precipitation during these episodes.

International Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 2021

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2017

A tooth is said to be impacted if it does not reach the occlusal plane even after two-thirds root... more A tooth is said to be impacted if it does not reach the occlusal plane even after two-thirds root formation. The aetiology of impacted teeth is varied and multi-factorial. Significant problems associated with impacted teeth include trismus, infection, cervical caries of second molars. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of distal caries in second molar teeth due to impacted third molars and to compare with similar studies conducted elsewhere. Study included assessment of patients reporting between 2009 to 2014 for dental care at College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study which included a total of 6000 Orthopantomograms (OPGs). The data collected was decoded and entered into excel spread sheet. Descriptive analysis of the data was done and results were displayed as frequency table and graphs. A total of 979 patients had impacted third molars (16.31%). A total of 39% patient's with impacted t...

This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at T... more This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author.

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 2007

Indian Journal of Otology

Journal of international oral health : JIOH, 2013

To report the prevalence of impacted third molars according to the age, gender and type among Sau... more To report the prevalence of impacted third molars according to the age, gender and type among Saudi population. This retrospective study involved 3800 panoramic radiographs of subjects aged 18 to 45 years who presented to the College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for oral care during the period from February 2009 to February 2011. Data collected was entered into a spreadsheet (Excel 2000; Microsoft, US) and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. A total of 713 impacted teeth were identified (18.76%) (p=0.003). The male to female ratio with impacted third molars was 604:109 (5.54:1) and the ratio of patients with impacted teeth was (5:1). Age group 1 (i.e., 20 to 25 years)had the highest prevalence of third molar tooth impaction (64.5%) and this decreased with increasing age. Incidence of tooth impaction is higher in the mandible than in maxilla. Males had a higher incidence of third molar impaction as compare...

Dynamic topography information landscapes are capable of visualizing longitudinal changes in larg... more Dynamic topography information landscapes are capable of visualizing longitudinal changes in large document repositories. Resembling tectonic processes in the natural world, dynamic rendering reflects both long-term trends and short-term fluctuations in such repositories. To visualize the rise and decay of topics, the mapping algorithm elevates and lowers related sets of concentric contour lines. Acknowledging the growing number of documents to be processed by stateof-the-art Web intelligence applications, we present a scalable, incremental approach for generating such landscapes. The processing pipeline includes a number of sequential tasks, from crawling, filtering and pre-processing Web content to projecting, labeling and rendering the aggregated information. Processing steps central to incremental processing are found in the projection stage which consists of document clustering, cluster force-directed placement, and fast document positioning. We introduce two different positioning methods and compare them in an incremental setting using two different quality measures. The evaluation is performed on a set of approximately 5000 documents taken from the environmental blog sample of the Media Watch on Climate Change (www.ecoresearch.net/climate), a Web content aggregator about climate change and related environmental issues that serves static versions of the information landscapes presented in this paper as part of a multiple coordinated view representation.

The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2013

The efflorescence of an individual KH(2)PO(4) droplet on Teflon substrate was investigated by mic... more The efflorescence of an individual KH(2)PO(4) droplet on Teflon substrate was investigated by micro-Raman spectroscopy. With the decrease of relative humidity (RH) from 98.0% to 73.0%, the KH(2)PO(4) droplet lost water gradually and entered into supersaturated state, which was reflected by the area ratio between the water stretching band to the sum of ν(s)-PO(2) and ν(s)-P(OH)(2) bands of the H(2)PO(4)(-) (A(H(2)O)/(A((ν(s)-PO(2))+A(ν(s)-P(OH)(2))))). In 1.0 mol l(-1) KH(2)PO(4) solution, the ν(s)-P(OH)(2) and ν(s)-PO(2) bands appeared at 877 and 1077 cm(-1). In the KH(2)PO(4) droplet, the two bands shifted to 894 and 1039 cm(-1) at 98.0% RH, to 899 and 1031 cm(-1) at 89.6% RH, and then to 904 and 997 cm(-1) at 73.0% RH. Moreover, the aggregation process between the H(2)PO(4)(-) ions was observed from the spectral characteristic of the ν(s)-P(OH)(2) band in the concentration process, including the transitions of the H(2)PO(4)(-) ions from monomer in bulk solutions (0.5-1.0 mol l(-1)) to possible dimers at 98.0% RH and then further to oligomers in the droplet with the RH decrease, which were indicated by the blueshift of the ν(s)-P(OH)(2) band and its full width at half-height as a function of the RH. When the RH reached at 72.0%, the anhydrous crystal was obtained. A strong peak appeared at 928 cm(-1), implying that the four oxygen atoms of the H(2)PO(4 (-) were all hydrogen bonding through the bridge hydrogen atoms to get the extensive hydrogen-bonded network structure of the H(2)PO(4)(-) association, leading to the symmetric increase of the H(2)PO(4)(-) ion from C(2v) in dilute solution to quasi-T(d) in the anhydrous crystal.

The journal of physical chemistry. A, Jan 16, 2012

A single K(2)HPO(4) droplet with size of ∼50 μm on a Teflon substrate was forced to enter into th... more A single K(2)HPO(4) droplet with size of ∼50 μm on a Teflon substrate was forced to enter into the supersaturated state by decreasing the relative humidity (RH), allowing accurate control over the concentration of the solute within a droplet of a nanogram. The K(2)HPO(4) solutions from dilute (0.1-1.0 mol·L(-1) bulk) to concentrated state (a droplet from RH 98.2% to 25.1%) were studied through micro-Raman spectroscopy in the spectral region of about 200-4000 cm(-1). The area ratio between the water stretching band to the sum of the ν(1)-PO(3), ν(2)-POH, and ν(4)-PO(3) bands of the HPO(4)(2-) at various RHs was used to describe the dehydration behavior of a microsized single K(2)HPO(4) droplet in dehumidifying process. The peak position of the v(1)-PO(3) band for the 1 mol·L(-1) bulk solution appeared at 991 cm(-1) and moved to 986 cm(-1) at 98.2% RH, to 978 cm(-1) at 70.2% RH, and then to 964 cm(-1) at 30.0% RH for a droplet, accompanying an increase of the full width at half-height...

This dissertation examines the variations in the results of a physically-based kinematic routing ... more This dissertation examines the variations in the results of a physically-based kinematic routing rainfall-runoff model (KINEROS2) in response to variations in the geometric model definitions caused by grid size and accuracy of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data sets. A range of ...

European Journal of …, 2011

... Muhammad Ilyas Assistant Professor of Economics at Superior University, Lahore Syed Kamran Ma... more ... Muhammad Ilyas Assistant Professor of Economics at Superior University, Lahore Syed Kamran Maqbool Student of M. Phil. ... Muhammad Tahir Rshid Ph. ... [8] Park, HY, Ofori-Dankwa, J. and Bishop,DR (1994), Organizational And Environmental Determinants Of Functional And ...

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2021

Abstract This paper shows the optimisation of the silicon nanowires (SiNWs) synthesis process and... more Abstract This paper shows the optimisation of the silicon nanowires (SiNWs) synthesis process and their features which are relevant for numerous sensing applications. In particular, the target was to design SiNWs substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The majority of SiNWS has been synthesized by vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) method utilizing Au catalyst. However, in this paper, we show that Ag-Au catalyst system offers advantageous features such as a higher number of SiNWs per unit area, reduced SiNWs thickness and improved diameter distribution. The novel SERS sensor was tested utilizing Mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) and compared with the traditional only Au catalysed system. Furthermore, the SiNWs features based on novel Ag-Au catalyst system were varied employing temperature, SiH4 partial pressure and deposition time. Axial and radial SiNWs growth rates and activation energies are determined and discussed.