Guyoung Kang - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Guyoung Kang
Optimizing Concentrations of Hemoglobin and Hydrogen Peroxide for Remediation of Benzo(a)pyrene (b[a]p) Contaminated Soils
한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집, Jun 1, 2014
Feasibility Process for Remediation of the Crude Oil Contaminated Soil
AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 16, 2015
Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater, 2012
Recently, as reinforced water quality standards for wastewater has been announced, more efficient... more Recently, as reinforced water quality standards for wastewater has been announced, more efficient and more powerful wastewater treatment processes are required rather than the existing activated sludge process. In order to meet this demands, we evaluate Task 1~4 about lab scale A2O process using biofilm media. Task 1, 2, and 3 use 'Module A' which has 4 partitions (Anoxic/Anerobic/Oxic/Oxic). Task 4 uses 'Module B' which has 2 partitions including a denitrification reactor with an Inclined plug flow reactor (IPFR) and a nitrification reactor with biofilm media. The denitrification reactor of Module B is designed to be upward flow using IPFR. The result of evaluating at each Task has shown that attached growth system has better capacity of removal efficiency for organic matter and nitrogen with the exception of phosphorus. Task 4 which has the most outstanding removal efficiency has 90.5% of BOD5 removal efficiency, 97.
Treating Soil Pentachlorophenol (PCP) at Optimal Conditions Using Heme and Peroxide
The environmental impact of pentachlorophenol (PCP) has been the subject of extensive research in... more The environmental impact of pentachlorophenol (PCP) has been the subject of extensive research in recent years. Investigations of PCP degradation using both biotic and abiotic methods are extensively reported in literature. Based on some preliminary tests (not shown), an abiotic method was found for oxidative PCP degradation in soil under unsaturated conditions and a neutral pH. Reagents used were heme (a catalyst) and peroxide (an oxidant). From two screening tests (not shown), the heme and peroxide were identified as the most important factors on PCP degradation in highly PCP-contaminated soil. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum doses of heme and peroxide for PCP degradation in soil. Using a statistical method, known as response surface methodology, a quadratic function was fit to the data and used to estimate the optimum doses of heme and peroxide at 0.035g∕2g0.035g∕2g -soil and 0.105g∕2g0.105g∕2g -soil, respectively, in treating PCP-contaminated soil. The m...
Toxics
Oil-contaminated soil is a major societal problem for humans and the environment. In this study, ... more Oil-contaminated soil is a major societal problem for humans and the environment. In this study, the pyrolysis method was applied to oil-contaminated soil used as a landfill and gas station site in Korea. The removal efficiency of the main components of oil-contaminated soils, such as total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), unresolved complex mixture (UCM), and alkylated PAHs (Alk-PAHs) were measured, and the effect of temperature, treatment time, and moisture content on pyrolysis efficiency was studied. In order to evaluate the risk of soil from which pollutants were removed through pyrolysis, integrated ecotoxicity was evaluated using Daphnia magna and Allivibrio fischeri. The chemical and biological measurements in this study include contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs). Results showed that the pyrolysis was more efficient with higher treatment temperatures, moisture content, and treatment times. In addition, toxicity was reduced by 99% after pyr...
Development of biological process for Kuwait crude oil contaminated soil
Seven hundred ninety-eight oil wells were set fire, damaged, and gushed oil and resulted on a cru... more Seven hundred ninety-eight oil wells were set fire, damaged, and gushed oil and resulted on a crude oil contaminated area over 300 km2 include dry oil lakes at the end of Iraqi war. The Un...
![Research paper thumbnail of Hemoglobin peroxidase reaction of hemoglobin efficiently catalyzes oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98727906/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Chemosphere, 2021
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019
Sequential biowashing-biopile processes were developed for oil-contaminated soil Biowashing inv... more Sequential biowashing-biopile processes were developed for oil-contaminated soil Biowashing involved the indigenous soil bacteria that was grown on hemoglobin The enrichment culture grown on hemoglobin showed an increased surface activity The processes removed 86% TPH in 20 d from the Kuwaiti oil-contaminated soil Aged crude oil-contaminated soil can be treated in a timely and efficient manner
Topics in Catalysis, 2018
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a member of the hemeprotein family that undergoes non-specific catalytic chain... more Hemoglobin (Hb) is a member of the hemeprotein family that undergoes non-specific catalytic chain reactions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). The catalytic ability of Hb to degrade the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene was demonstrated using soil contaminated with 14 C pyrene. Three bench-scale laboratory tests were performed using 14 C pyrene in the presence of a buffer, H 2 O 2 , and a combination of Hb and H 2 O 2. The initial pyrene concentration of the contaminated soil was set to 11 mg/kg, with 5,500,000 dpm of 14 C pyrene. After a catalytic reaction for 24 h, the results showed that 17% of pyrene was degraded by H 2 O 2 , 38% of pyrene was degraded by Hb in combination with H 2 O 2 , and 0.13 and 1.2% of 14 C pyrene were mineralized by H 2 O 2 and Hb in combination with H 2 O 2 , respectively. An analysis of the products from the reaction involving Hb in combination with H 2 O 2 revealed that 15.9% of the 14 C intermediates in the acetonitrile fraction were polar products. After the catalytic reaction, 21 intermediate compounds were found via fraction analysis. The results suggested that Hb catalysis could be used to treat pyrene-contaminated soil as a novel catalytic technology for the remediation of hazardous materials in soil.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019
In this study, molecular-level chemical compositions of soils contaminated by oil spilled during ... more In this study, molecular-level chemical compositions of soils contaminated by oil spilled during the Gulf War were studied. Two soil samples, respectively collected at 0.1 m and between 0.5 and 1 m below the surface from an oil spill site, were extracted with organic solvents and water. The extracts were analyzed via ultrahigh resolution FT-ICR and two-dimensional gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. The data showed that the spilled oil was significantly affected by vaporization due to high surface temperatures in the desert. The data obtained with (+) atmospheric pressure photo ionization (APPI) and (-) electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with ultrahigh resolution-mass spectrometry (UHR-MS) indicated that the degradation of aromatic compounds and increase in oxygen-containing classes occurred in the following order: surface soil > below surface soil > crude oil. The oxygenated compounds were confirmed by principal component analysis. The score and loading plots of O x and SO x showed that they were the major contributors to differentiate the samples. However, a comparison with previously reported oceanic oil spills showed that less significant degradation occurred even after almost 30 years. Our data can provide an information basis for designing a strategy for cleanup and restoration efforts of Gulf War oil spills.
Science of The Total Environment, 2018
• Hemoglobin (Hb) imposed a selective force on surfactant-producing bacterial species. • Hb appli... more • Hemoglobin (Hb) imposed a selective force on surfactant-producing bacterial species. • Hb application promoted TPH removal in the aged crude oil-contaminated soil. • Hb-based biocatalytic reaction removed TPH from the crude oil-contaminated soil. • Bacterial community structure recovered better after the biocatalytic reaction. • Hb-based remediation can be a viable option for crude oil-contaminated soils.
Ecotoxicology, 2019
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are organic chemicals consisting of a small number of benzene ri... more Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are organic chemicals consisting of a small number of benzene rings. PAHs are exposed to the environment by events such as Crude oil spills, even though they are substances present in the environment. Exposure of PAHs to the environment will affect not only the environment, but also the living organisms and the ecosystem as a whole. The effects of PAHs vary widely depending on the type of PAHs and have been studied for a long time. However, there are only 16 kinds of PAHs defined by US EPA, and there are more kinds of PAHs present in the environment. Therefore, it is time-and space-limited to judge the toxicity of all kinds of PAHs by evaluating them. In all cases, the tendency of research is shifting toward predicting toxicity evaluation through modeling rather than the direction of toxicity evaluation. In this study, we constructed a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model, one of the molecular structure activation models, and predicted the correlation between the toxicity value and the logKow value of PAHs. Basically, as the logKow value increases, the median effective concentration (EC50) tends to decrease. Compared with the previous studies, Hyalella azteca showed this tendency, but Daphnia magna showed different results when exposed to Naphthalene. The RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) values of Daphnia magna and Hyalella azteca were 6.0049 and 5.9980, respectively, when the QSAR model was constructed using the toxicity data for PAHs. We confirmed the validity of the QSAR model in this study by comparing the results of exposing Daphnia magna to PAHs and the ECOSAR data, one of the existing models. The R 2 value was found to be 0.9356. This study suggests that it may be helpful to predict the toxicity evaluation and to prepare countermeasures for accidents such as Crude oil spill. It is thought that if more data base is created by using additional types of PAHs and species in the same way as this study in the future, it will help to construct the modeling.
Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, 2018
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a member of heme-protein that can perform catalytic non-specific chain reactio... more Hemoglobin (Hb) is a member of heme-protein that can perform catalytic non-specific chain reaction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). Catalytic ability of Hb to degrade pyrene was demonstrated using soil contaminated with 14 C pyrene and 10 mg pyrene /kg soil. The composition of soil was similar to previously used soil except that it had lower organic carbon content. Bench scale laboratory tests were conducted in the presence of buffer only, H 2 O 2 only, or Hb with H 2 O 2 for 24 h. After 24 h reaction, 0.1 and 1.3% of 14 C pyrene in contaminated soil were mineralized with H 2 O 2 only or Hb plus H 2 O 2. No mineralization to 14 CO 2 was detected with buffer only. Approximately 12.2% of pyrene was degraded in the presence of H 2 O 2 only while 44.0% of pyrene was degraded in the presence of Hb plus H 2 O 2 during 24 h of catalytic reaction. When degradation intermediate products were examined, two chemicals were observed in the presence of H 2 O 2 only while 25 chemicals were found in the presence of Hb plus H 2 O 2. While most degradation products were simple hydrocarbons, four of the 27 chemicals had aromatic rings. However, none of these four chemicals was structurally related to pyrene. These results suggest that Hb catalytic system could be used to treat pyrene-contaminated soil as an efficient and speedy remediation technology. In addition, intermediate products generated by this system are not greatly affected by composition change in soil organic matter content.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018
This study utilized remote sensing techniques using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with an atta... more This study utilized remote sensing techniques using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with an attached multispectral sensor to monitor the Nakdong River. In this study, chlorophyll-a, an indicator of water quality and the normalization difference vegetation index (NDVI), which indicates the vitality of plant growth was employed. NDVI images were generated using georeferenced and Orthomosaic images. The data (field samples) used to conduct the study was collected in September 2017. The relationship between the chlorophyll-a concentrations and NDVI was then examined. The results of the relationship can be used in monitoring of green algae for water quality management.
Applied Biological Chemistry, 2017
The efficiency to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined using a hemoglobi... more The efficiency to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined using a hemoglobincatalyzed biocatalytic reaction. The present study employed pyrene as a model of PAHs to study its oxidative removal in the presence of H 2 O 2 and hemoglobin in mass ratio of 3:1. The extent of pyrene removal reached up to 91.1% in the presence of H 2 O 2 and hemoglobin. However, the extent of pyrene removal was 21.3% in the presence of H 2 O 2 only. The results indicate that pyrene removal might be due to pyrene oxidation by the biocatalytic reaction. Overall, this study demonstrated that hemoglobin-catalyzed biocatalytic reactions could remediate pyrene effectively.
Chemosphere, 2017
This study investigates the efficiency of hemoglobin (Hb)-catalyzed biocatalytic reactions for re... more This study investigates the efficiency of hemoglobin (Hb)-catalyzed biocatalytic reactions for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a historically PAHs-contaminated soil and of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in an artificially BaP-contaminated soil. PAHs removal tests at various H 2 O 2-to-Hb mass ratios (0-3.7) showed that the PAHs removal was greater at H 2 O 2to-Hb mass ratio of ≥3. This was attributed to the greater removal of high molecular weight PAHs at higher H 2 O 2-to-Hb mass ratios. The BaP removal increased from 36% to 85% with increasing H 2 O 2-to-Hb mass ratio from 1 to 3, and further increase in H 2 O 2-to-Hb mass ratio decreased the BaP removal. Thus, the optimal H 2 O 2-to-Hb mass ratio for BaP removal was determined to be 3 in the artificially BaP-contaminated soil. The BaP removal in the presence of only Hb can be attributed to the capture of BaP by Hb. The increased BaP removal in the presence of H 2 O 2 is likely due to BaP mineralization as the BaP removal and the CO 2 generated showed a strong positive correlation (R 2 =0.999). Overall, this study shows that the Hbcatalyzed biocatalytic reactions can effectively remove PAHs in soil.
Environmental Engineering Research, 2014
Catalytic degradation of pentachlorophenol in soil by heme and hydrogen peroxide has been hypothe... more Catalytic degradation of pentachlorophenol in soil by heme and hydrogen peroxide has been hypothesized to occur through nonspecific catalytic reactions similar to those involving ligninase. The present study examines the evidence for a heme catalytic mechanism for the oxidation of organic compounds. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, heme is converted to the ferryl heme radical (Hm-Fe +4•), which can oxidize organic compounds, such as 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). A second 5-ASA may later be oxidized by ferryl heme (Hm-Fe +4), which reverts to the ferric heme state (Hm-Fe +3) to complete the cycle. We believe that this catalytic cycle is involved in the degradation of hazardous pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Remediation via heme catalytic reactions of PAHs in soil from a pole yard was evaluated, and about 96% of PAHs was found to disappear within 42 days after treatment with heme and hydrogen peroxide. In addition, benzo[a]pyrene and six other PAHs were undetectable among a total of 16 PAH compounds examined. Therefore, we propose heme catalysis as a novel technology for the remediation of hazardous compounds in contaminated soil.
CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, 2016
The study was conducted by Fenton oxidation to efficiently remove contaminants from total petrole... more The study was conducted by Fenton oxidation to efficiently remove contaminants from total petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. IR spectrometry was used to determine the TPH level during soil treatments. In Fenton reaction, using hydrogen peroxide as the catalyst to produce hydroxyl radical could eliminate contaminant in a highly petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. However, there is a need to use an appropriate quantity of reagent and pH (in the acidic medium) to obtain the most efficient in TPH removal in Fenton's oxidation. In this study, Fenton reaction could remove TPH in soil contaminated approximately; 48% within 2hours with the optimal condition of H 2 O 2 : Fe 2+ molar ratio of 104, Fenton's reagent dosage of 50 ml, liquid/soil weight ratio of 15 and under a temperature of 25 o C. This indicated that Fenton's oxidation could be applied to clean up TPH contaminated soils within a short possible time.
Toxicology and industrial health, 2017
Industrial wastewater has attracted increasing attention in recent years because of its impact on... more Industrial wastewater has attracted increasing attention in recent years because of its impact on ecosystems and human health. Whole-effluent tests are generally used to monitor toxicities of unknown chemicals and conventional pollutants from industrial effluent discharges. This study described identification evaluation (TIE) procedures to determine the acute toxicity of a nonmetallic mineral mining facility effluent that was toxic to Daphnia magna. In the characterization step (TIE phase I), toxic effects of heavy metals, organic compounds, oxidants, volatile organic compounds, suspended solids, and ammonia were screened. Results revealed that the source of toxicity was beyond these toxicants. Chemical analysis (TIE phase II) of total dissolved solid showed that the concentration of chloride ion (15,302.5 mg/L) was substantially higher than the predicted EC50 value for D. magna. Chemical analysis for heavy metal and ionic materials used ion chromatography and induced coupled plasma...
Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment, 2015
Biocatalytic degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in contaminated soil by hemoglobi... more Biocatalytic degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in contaminated soil by hemoglobin and hydrogen peroxide is an effective soil remediation method. This study used a laboratory soil reactor experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of a nonspecific biocatalytic reaction with hemoglobin and H 2 O 2 for treating TPH-contaminated soil. We also quantified changes in the soil microbial community using real-time PCR analysis during the experimental treatment. The results show that the measured rate constant for the reaction with added hemoglobin was 0.051/day, about 3.5 times higher than the constant for the reaction with only H 2 O 2 (0.014/day). After four weeks of treatment, 76% of the initial soil TPH concentration was removed with hemoglobin and hydrogen peroxide treatment. The removal of initial soil TPH concentration was 26% when only hydrogen peroxide was used. The soil microbial community, based on 16S rRNA gene copy number, was higher (7.1 × 10 6 copy number/g of bacteria, and 7.4 × 10 5 copy number/g of Archaea, respectively) in the hemoglobin catalyzed treatment. Our results show that TPH treatment in contaminated soil using hemoglobin catalyzed oxidation led to the enhanced removal effectiveness and was non-toxic to the native soil microbial community in the initial soil.
Optimizing Concentrations of Hemoglobin and Hydrogen Peroxide for Remediation of Benzo(a)pyrene (b[a]p) Contaminated Soils
한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집, Jun 1, 2014
Feasibility Process for Remediation of the Crude Oil Contaminated Soil
AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Dec 16, 2015
Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater, 2012
Recently, as reinforced water quality standards for wastewater has been announced, more efficient... more Recently, as reinforced water quality standards for wastewater has been announced, more efficient and more powerful wastewater treatment processes are required rather than the existing activated sludge process. In order to meet this demands, we evaluate Task 1~4 about lab scale A2O process using biofilm media. Task 1, 2, and 3 use 'Module A' which has 4 partitions (Anoxic/Anerobic/Oxic/Oxic). Task 4 uses 'Module B' which has 2 partitions including a denitrification reactor with an Inclined plug flow reactor (IPFR) and a nitrification reactor with biofilm media. The denitrification reactor of Module B is designed to be upward flow using IPFR. The result of evaluating at each Task has shown that attached growth system has better capacity of removal efficiency for organic matter and nitrogen with the exception of phosphorus. Task 4 which has the most outstanding removal efficiency has 90.5% of BOD5 removal efficiency, 97.
Treating Soil Pentachlorophenol (PCP) at Optimal Conditions Using Heme and Peroxide
The environmental impact of pentachlorophenol (PCP) has been the subject of extensive research in... more The environmental impact of pentachlorophenol (PCP) has been the subject of extensive research in recent years. Investigations of PCP degradation using both biotic and abiotic methods are extensively reported in literature. Based on some preliminary tests (not shown), an abiotic method was found for oxidative PCP degradation in soil under unsaturated conditions and a neutral pH. Reagents used were heme (a catalyst) and peroxide (an oxidant). From two screening tests (not shown), the heme and peroxide were identified as the most important factors on PCP degradation in highly PCP-contaminated soil. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum doses of heme and peroxide for PCP degradation in soil. Using a statistical method, known as response surface methodology, a quadratic function was fit to the data and used to estimate the optimum doses of heme and peroxide at 0.035g∕2g0.035g∕2g -soil and 0.105g∕2g0.105g∕2g -soil, respectively, in treating PCP-contaminated soil. The m...
Toxics
Oil-contaminated soil is a major societal problem for humans and the environment. In this study, ... more Oil-contaminated soil is a major societal problem for humans and the environment. In this study, the pyrolysis method was applied to oil-contaminated soil used as a landfill and gas station site in Korea. The removal efficiency of the main components of oil-contaminated soils, such as total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), unresolved complex mixture (UCM), and alkylated PAHs (Alk-PAHs) were measured, and the effect of temperature, treatment time, and moisture content on pyrolysis efficiency was studied. In order to evaluate the risk of soil from which pollutants were removed through pyrolysis, integrated ecotoxicity was evaluated using Daphnia magna and Allivibrio fischeri. The chemical and biological measurements in this study include contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs). Results showed that the pyrolysis was more efficient with higher treatment temperatures, moisture content, and treatment times. In addition, toxicity was reduced by 99% after pyr...
Development of biological process for Kuwait crude oil contaminated soil
Seven hundred ninety-eight oil wells were set fire, damaged, and gushed oil and resulted on a cru... more Seven hundred ninety-eight oil wells were set fire, damaged, and gushed oil and resulted on a crude oil contaminated area over 300 km2 include dry oil lakes at the end of Iraqi war. The Un...
Chemosphere, 2021
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019
Sequential biowashing-biopile processes were developed for oil-contaminated soil Biowashing inv... more Sequential biowashing-biopile processes were developed for oil-contaminated soil Biowashing involved the indigenous soil bacteria that was grown on hemoglobin The enrichment culture grown on hemoglobin showed an increased surface activity The processes removed 86% TPH in 20 d from the Kuwaiti oil-contaminated soil Aged crude oil-contaminated soil can be treated in a timely and efficient manner
Topics in Catalysis, 2018
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a member of the hemeprotein family that undergoes non-specific catalytic chain... more Hemoglobin (Hb) is a member of the hemeprotein family that undergoes non-specific catalytic chain reactions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). The catalytic ability of Hb to degrade the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene was demonstrated using soil contaminated with 14 C pyrene. Three bench-scale laboratory tests were performed using 14 C pyrene in the presence of a buffer, H 2 O 2 , and a combination of Hb and H 2 O 2. The initial pyrene concentration of the contaminated soil was set to 11 mg/kg, with 5,500,000 dpm of 14 C pyrene. After a catalytic reaction for 24 h, the results showed that 17% of pyrene was degraded by H 2 O 2 , 38% of pyrene was degraded by Hb in combination with H 2 O 2 , and 0.13 and 1.2% of 14 C pyrene were mineralized by H 2 O 2 and Hb in combination with H 2 O 2 , respectively. An analysis of the products from the reaction involving Hb in combination with H 2 O 2 revealed that 15.9% of the 14 C intermediates in the acetonitrile fraction were polar products. After the catalytic reaction, 21 intermediate compounds were found via fraction analysis. The results suggested that Hb catalysis could be used to treat pyrene-contaminated soil as a novel catalytic technology for the remediation of hazardous materials in soil.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019
In this study, molecular-level chemical compositions of soils contaminated by oil spilled during ... more In this study, molecular-level chemical compositions of soils contaminated by oil spilled during the Gulf War were studied. Two soil samples, respectively collected at 0.1 m and between 0.5 and 1 m below the surface from an oil spill site, were extracted with organic solvents and water. The extracts were analyzed via ultrahigh resolution FT-ICR and two-dimensional gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. The data showed that the spilled oil was significantly affected by vaporization due to high surface temperatures in the desert. The data obtained with (+) atmospheric pressure photo ionization (APPI) and (-) electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with ultrahigh resolution-mass spectrometry (UHR-MS) indicated that the degradation of aromatic compounds and increase in oxygen-containing classes occurred in the following order: surface soil > below surface soil > crude oil. The oxygenated compounds were confirmed by principal component analysis. The score and loading plots of O x and SO x showed that they were the major contributors to differentiate the samples. However, a comparison with previously reported oceanic oil spills showed that less significant degradation occurred even after almost 30 years. Our data can provide an information basis for designing a strategy for cleanup and restoration efforts of Gulf War oil spills.
Science of The Total Environment, 2018
• Hemoglobin (Hb) imposed a selective force on surfactant-producing bacterial species. • Hb appli... more • Hemoglobin (Hb) imposed a selective force on surfactant-producing bacterial species. • Hb application promoted TPH removal in the aged crude oil-contaminated soil. • Hb-based biocatalytic reaction removed TPH from the crude oil-contaminated soil. • Bacterial community structure recovered better after the biocatalytic reaction. • Hb-based remediation can be a viable option for crude oil-contaminated soils.
Ecotoxicology, 2019
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are organic chemicals consisting of a small number of benzene ri... more Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are organic chemicals consisting of a small number of benzene rings. PAHs are exposed to the environment by events such as Crude oil spills, even though they are substances present in the environment. Exposure of PAHs to the environment will affect not only the environment, but also the living organisms and the ecosystem as a whole. The effects of PAHs vary widely depending on the type of PAHs and have been studied for a long time. However, there are only 16 kinds of PAHs defined by US EPA, and there are more kinds of PAHs present in the environment. Therefore, it is time-and space-limited to judge the toxicity of all kinds of PAHs by evaluating them. In all cases, the tendency of research is shifting toward predicting toxicity evaluation through modeling rather than the direction of toxicity evaluation. In this study, we constructed a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model, one of the molecular structure activation models, and predicted the correlation between the toxicity value and the logKow value of PAHs. Basically, as the logKow value increases, the median effective concentration (EC50) tends to decrease. Compared with the previous studies, Hyalella azteca showed this tendency, but Daphnia magna showed different results when exposed to Naphthalene. The RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) values of Daphnia magna and Hyalella azteca were 6.0049 and 5.9980, respectively, when the QSAR model was constructed using the toxicity data for PAHs. We confirmed the validity of the QSAR model in this study by comparing the results of exposing Daphnia magna to PAHs and the ECOSAR data, one of the existing models. The R 2 value was found to be 0.9356. This study suggests that it may be helpful to predict the toxicity evaluation and to prepare countermeasures for accidents such as Crude oil spill. It is thought that if more data base is created by using additional types of PAHs and species in the same way as this study in the future, it will help to construct the modeling.
Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, 2018
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a member of heme-protein that can perform catalytic non-specific chain reactio... more Hemoglobin (Hb) is a member of heme-protein that can perform catalytic non-specific chain reaction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). Catalytic ability of Hb to degrade pyrene was demonstrated using soil contaminated with 14 C pyrene and 10 mg pyrene /kg soil. The composition of soil was similar to previously used soil except that it had lower organic carbon content. Bench scale laboratory tests were conducted in the presence of buffer only, H 2 O 2 only, or Hb with H 2 O 2 for 24 h. After 24 h reaction, 0.1 and 1.3% of 14 C pyrene in contaminated soil were mineralized with H 2 O 2 only or Hb plus H 2 O 2. No mineralization to 14 CO 2 was detected with buffer only. Approximately 12.2% of pyrene was degraded in the presence of H 2 O 2 only while 44.0% of pyrene was degraded in the presence of Hb plus H 2 O 2 during 24 h of catalytic reaction. When degradation intermediate products were examined, two chemicals were observed in the presence of H 2 O 2 only while 25 chemicals were found in the presence of Hb plus H 2 O 2. While most degradation products were simple hydrocarbons, four of the 27 chemicals had aromatic rings. However, none of these four chemicals was structurally related to pyrene. These results suggest that Hb catalytic system could be used to treat pyrene-contaminated soil as an efficient and speedy remediation technology. In addition, intermediate products generated by this system are not greatly affected by composition change in soil organic matter content.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018
This study utilized remote sensing techniques using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with an atta... more This study utilized remote sensing techniques using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with an attached multispectral sensor to monitor the Nakdong River. In this study, chlorophyll-a, an indicator of water quality and the normalization difference vegetation index (NDVI), which indicates the vitality of plant growth was employed. NDVI images were generated using georeferenced and Orthomosaic images. The data (field samples) used to conduct the study was collected in September 2017. The relationship between the chlorophyll-a concentrations and NDVI was then examined. The results of the relationship can be used in monitoring of green algae for water quality management.
Applied Biological Chemistry, 2017
The efficiency to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined using a hemoglobi... more The efficiency to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined using a hemoglobincatalyzed biocatalytic reaction. The present study employed pyrene as a model of PAHs to study its oxidative removal in the presence of H 2 O 2 and hemoglobin in mass ratio of 3:1. The extent of pyrene removal reached up to 91.1% in the presence of H 2 O 2 and hemoglobin. However, the extent of pyrene removal was 21.3% in the presence of H 2 O 2 only. The results indicate that pyrene removal might be due to pyrene oxidation by the biocatalytic reaction. Overall, this study demonstrated that hemoglobin-catalyzed biocatalytic reactions could remediate pyrene effectively.
Chemosphere, 2017
This study investigates the efficiency of hemoglobin (Hb)-catalyzed biocatalytic reactions for re... more This study investigates the efficiency of hemoglobin (Hb)-catalyzed biocatalytic reactions for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a historically PAHs-contaminated soil and of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in an artificially BaP-contaminated soil. PAHs removal tests at various H 2 O 2-to-Hb mass ratios (0-3.7) showed that the PAHs removal was greater at H 2 O 2to-Hb mass ratio of ≥3. This was attributed to the greater removal of high molecular weight PAHs at higher H 2 O 2-to-Hb mass ratios. The BaP removal increased from 36% to 85% with increasing H 2 O 2-to-Hb mass ratio from 1 to 3, and further increase in H 2 O 2-to-Hb mass ratio decreased the BaP removal. Thus, the optimal H 2 O 2-to-Hb mass ratio for BaP removal was determined to be 3 in the artificially BaP-contaminated soil. The BaP removal in the presence of only Hb can be attributed to the capture of BaP by Hb. The increased BaP removal in the presence of H 2 O 2 is likely due to BaP mineralization as the BaP removal and the CO 2 generated showed a strong positive correlation (R 2 =0.999). Overall, this study shows that the Hbcatalyzed biocatalytic reactions can effectively remove PAHs in soil.
Environmental Engineering Research, 2014
Catalytic degradation of pentachlorophenol in soil by heme and hydrogen peroxide has been hypothe... more Catalytic degradation of pentachlorophenol in soil by heme and hydrogen peroxide has been hypothesized to occur through nonspecific catalytic reactions similar to those involving ligninase. The present study examines the evidence for a heme catalytic mechanism for the oxidation of organic compounds. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, heme is converted to the ferryl heme radical (Hm-Fe +4•), which can oxidize organic compounds, such as 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). A second 5-ASA may later be oxidized by ferryl heme (Hm-Fe +4), which reverts to the ferric heme state (Hm-Fe +3) to complete the cycle. We believe that this catalytic cycle is involved in the degradation of hazardous pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Remediation via heme catalytic reactions of PAHs in soil from a pole yard was evaluated, and about 96% of PAHs was found to disappear within 42 days after treatment with heme and hydrogen peroxide. In addition, benzo[a]pyrene and six other PAHs were undetectable among a total of 16 PAH compounds examined. Therefore, we propose heme catalysis as a novel technology for the remediation of hazardous compounds in contaminated soil.
CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, 2016
The study was conducted by Fenton oxidation to efficiently remove contaminants from total petrole... more The study was conducted by Fenton oxidation to efficiently remove contaminants from total petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. IR spectrometry was used to determine the TPH level during soil treatments. In Fenton reaction, using hydrogen peroxide as the catalyst to produce hydroxyl radical could eliminate contaminant in a highly petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. However, there is a need to use an appropriate quantity of reagent and pH (in the acidic medium) to obtain the most efficient in TPH removal in Fenton's oxidation. In this study, Fenton reaction could remove TPH in soil contaminated approximately; 48% within 2hours with the optimal condition of H 2 O 2 : Fe 2+ molar ratio of 104, Fenton's reagent dosage of 50 ml, liquid/soil weight ratio of 15 and under a temperature of 25 o C. This indicated that Fenton's oxidation could be applied to clean up TPH contaminated soils within a short possible time.
Toxicology and industrial health, 2017
Industrial wastewater has attracted increasing attention in recent years because of its impact on... more Industrial wastewater has attracted increasing attention in recent years because of its impact on ecosystems and human health. Whole-effluent tests are generally used to monitor toxicities of unknown chemicals and conventional pollutants from industrial effluent discharges. This study described identification evaluation (TIE) procedures to determine the acute toxicity of a nonmetallic mineral mining facility effluent that was toxic to Daphnia magna. In the characterization step (TIE phase I), toxic effects of heavy metals, organic compounds, oxidants, volatile organic compounds, suspended solids, and ammonia were screened. Results revealed that the source of toxicity was beyond these toxicants. Chemical analysis (TIE phase II) of total dissolved solid showed that the concentration of chloride ion (15,302.5 mg/L) was substantially higher than the predicted EC50 value for D. magna. Chemical analysis for heavy metal and ionic materials used ion chromatography and induced coupled plasma...
Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment, 2015
Biocatalytic degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in contaminated soil by hemoglobi... more Biocatalytic degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in contaminated soil by hemoglobin and hydrogen peroxide is an effective soil remediation method. This study used a laboratory soil reactor experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of a nonspecific biocatalytic reaction with hemoglobin and H 2 O 2 for treating TPH-contaminated soil. We also quantified changes in the soil microbial community using real-time PCR analysis during the experimental treatment. The results show that the measured rate constant for the reaction with added hemoglobin was 0.051/day, about 3.5 times higher than the constant for the reaction with only H 2 O 2 (0.014/day). After four weeks of treatment, 76% of the initial soil TPH concentration was removed with hemoglobin and hydrogen peroxide treatment. The removal of initial soil TPH concentration was 26% when only hydrogen peroxide was used. The soil microbial community, based on 16S rRNA gene copy number, was higher (7.1 × 10 6 copy number/g of bacteria, and 7.4 × 10 5 copy number/g of Archaea, respectively) in the hemoglobin catalyzed treatment. Our results show that TPH treatment in contaminated soil using hemoglobin catalyzed oxidation led to the enhanced removal effectiveness and was non-toxic to the native soil microbial community in the initial soil.