Kanwal Ashiq - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Kanwal Ashiq

SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES

This study aims to develop, characterize and validate analytical method and perform stability stu... more This study aims to develop, characterize and validate analytical method and perform stability studies of Racecadotril capsules to treat acute diarrhea. Six formulations of Racecadotril 100mg Capsules were prepared with different excipients by varying their concentrations. The HPLC method was validated on analytical parameters recommended by ICH Q2R guidelines, including specificity, accuracy and recovery, precision, quantitation limit, detection limit, range, linearity, and robustness. Forced degradation studies were performed as per the Stability Indicating Method under various stress conditions. Accelerated stability studies were performed on three stability batches of best fit formulation of Racecadotril 100mg Capsules as per ICH guidelines. Among the six formulations of Racecadotril 100mg Capsule, F6 was the best fit with a comparatively good dissolution profile with 76.9% release in 60 minutes. The HPLC system was suitable as % R.S.D. was 0.619147%, within the acceptance criter...

Additional file 1. PRISMA 2009 Checklist.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2022

Background: Students’ understanding regarding traditional medicine is a part of pharmacy curricul... more Background: Students’ understanding regarding traditional medicine is a part of pharmacy curriculum. In Pakistan, be it students or healthcare professionals, little is known about the general importance of traditional medicine. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the students, enrolled in Doctor of Pharmacy Program, regarding their beliefs, knowledge and practices for use of medicinal plants. Methodology: The questionnaires were distributed among the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm-D) students. The data was analyzed using SPSS software (IBM, version. 22) and different statistical tests were applied, including descriptive analysis, t-test and Pearson chi squared test. Results: Total 254 responses were obtained in the study. While the outcome indicates that the majority of the participants (n=237: 93.3%) acknowledge the usefulness of traditional medicine. 151 (59.4%) participants believed that the traditional medicine is safe but 103 (40.6%) concerned about the side effects of he...

International Journal of Computational Biology and Drug Design, 2020

Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020

Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences, 2020

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2019

The aim of the current review is to demonstrate and indicate the lack of resources and strategies... more The aim of the current review is to demonstrate and indicate the lack of resources and strategies for the diagnostic and palliative care of the patients suffering from breast cancer. As, cancer is a major disease worldwide, it is presiding the errand of medics. In all cancers, breast cancer is a pronounced issue in females all over the world, including Pakistan. It is at the topmost of the list of both genders. There are some institutes working as the registry of cancers in Punjab and Karachi, but are insufficient and its working should be expanded to all provinces of Pakistan to meet the required cancer statistics inclusion nationwide. There are major concerns in collection of the data like; government negligence, lack of awareness, ignorant attitude towards disease management and much more. For the prevention and reduction in the prevalence of disease, the health official must ponder over current state seriously by developing the proper institutes, organized system and implementation of awareness programs to educate people to undergo regular examination for early detection of disease throughout Pakistan.

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018

Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis with drastically increasing incidence since last twenty ... more Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis with drastically increasing incidence since last twenty years. Increased serum uric acid levels and deposition of urate crystals in joints and soft tissues are known to stir-up the symptoms of gout. Patient's quality of life (Qol) suffers markedly due to inflammation, pain, restricted mobility, health economic burden and suboptimal therapeutics associated with gout. Related articles published between 2007 and 2018 were reviewed with the help of different databases including PubMed, Springer link, Medline, Google scholar and Science direct. To ensure the accuracy and credibility of data, articles published only in indexed journals were considered. Gout is a common metabolic disorder that is provoked by increased level of serum uric acid. Presence of other comorbidities i.e. hypertension, diabetes and cardiac diseases precipitate the rate of mortality. Number of gout patients is shown to increase in developed countries whereas developing countries remain at high risk category. The enormous increase in gout is due to chronicity, lack of awareness among patients, poor diagnosis, suboptimal treatment and economic burden. Risk factors associated with gout are well identified and pathophysiology is well-established hence, measures can be taken to improve diagnosis and to ensure cost effective options for the treatment. To curtail the global health burden and to improve patient quality of life there is need: to reduce exposure to risk factors, to promote awareness, to institute robust prophylactic measures, to modify lifestyle, to establish signs for early diagnosis and to develop optimized treatment strategies and policies.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2020

Background: COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease and has reached a status of global health ... more Background: COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease and has reached a status of global health emergency. It is widespread in Pakistan causing morbidity and mortality amongst masses. Objectives: Undertaken study aims at investigating knowledge, attitude and practices of the people residing in Lahore, Pakistan whilst the global crisis with sparse data available previously. Methodology: Following lockdown announcement, an immediate online cross sectional study was conducted from the 31st March to 6 April 2020. Data was analyzed by using SPSS IBM version 22. 00. Results: A total of 316 responses were received. Our study has shown that people 95.80% were well familiar with COVID-19, informed via news channels 46.2%. 91.7% believed the virus is contagious, 95.8% reported that the virus is spread by the respiratory droplets, 89.2% believed that all ages are at risk while 62.3% believed it risky for geriatrics only. 60.4% believed in its prevention with 91.7% respondents agreeably quaran...

Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences

COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV... more COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Being associated with high mortality rates, this pandemic has forced several countries worldwide to impose complete lockdowns to limit the spread of infection. Despite the development of various vaccines, there is still an urgent need to design novel treatments backed with safety data for fighting SARS-CoV-2 and its various mutants. Currently, scientists are putting their strenuous efforts into finding the best treatment option for COVID-19. In this regard, metal complexes being active antiviral agents and immunity enhancers have great potential against SARS-CoV-2. Herein, metal complexes' therapeutic role and significance against treating SARS-CoV-2 or any of its target proteins are discussed.

Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry

Pakistan Heart Journal, 2020

To focus on the prevalence and role of different risk factors contributing inpathophysiology of c... more To focus on the prevalence and role of different risk factors contributing inpathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD). Relevant articles publishedbetween 2006 and 2018 were studied with the help of various data basesincluding Google scholar, PubMed, Medline, Springer link, and Science direct.Articles published only in indexed journals were taken in account to ensure thecredibility of data. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a silently progressivechronic disorder which generally establishes overtime to an advance stage till thesymptoms appear. In high income countries, the mortality rate has declined since1980 whereas, middle and low income countries bear three quarters of the globalCAD burden. South Asians are at a greater risk and the prevalence is 50% to 300%higher than the rest of the world. It is a multifactorial disorder and arises from aninteraction between environmental and genetic factors. The conventional CADrisk factors (CRFs) include age, gender, blood lipids, smoki...

International Journal of Botany Studies, 2019

Cancer is a major health concern and one of the leading causes of death around the globe. Medicin... more Cancer is a major health concern and one of the leading causes of death around the globe. Medicinal plants contain numerous phytochemicals and their usefulness for the treatment of cancer has been proven scientifically. The current review is aimed to provide a comprehensive knowledge about the herbal plants with established anti-cancer activity. For this study, different databases were used, including: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and MEDLINE and literature search were done without any year limit. Studies have reported that numerous classes of phytochemicals have tumor inhibitory effect and these could be used for the cure of cancer. In this era, where the drug development process and its subsequent marketing and surveillance often take decades, the emerging evidence of the beneficial anti-cancer properties of plants have proved to be a mercy. There is need to explore more about the mechanism of action of phytochemicals having anti-cancer properties and further to ensure the medicinal plants safety and efficacy to justify their rational use for the treatment and management of the cancer.

Background: Tetracyclines belong to a class of broad spectrum antibiotics. Around the globe, they... more Background: Tetracyclines belong to a class of broad spectrum antibiotics. Around the globe, they are prescribed to treat various gram negative and gram positive bacterial infections. Once in the cell, they reversibly bind to the receptors which are located on 30S subunit of bacterial ribosome. They act by averting the protein synthesis, in turn, halting the bacterial growth. Aim and Objectives: The aim of current review is to study tetracyclines, identifying potential activity against infections and highlighting the microbial resistance associated with various analogues. Material and Method: The data for this review is collected from various databases including Scopus, PubMed, Springer Link and Google Scholar. To ensure the credibility only indexed articles were used in current study. Result: The outcome of the study has suggested that tetracyclines and number of its analogues show selective bioactivity and strength to the biological targets. Through modification at certain positio...

Authors’ Contributions 1, 3 & 4 Data Collection & Processing, Data Analysis and/or Interpretation... more Authors’ Contributions 1, 3 & 4 Data Collection & Processing, Data Analysis and/or Interpretation, Drafting of Manuscript, Critical Review. 2 Conception & Study design, Data Analysis and/or Interpretation, Drafting of Manuscript, Critical Review.

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 2021

Numerous studies have investigated the role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms in coronary ... more Numerous studies have investigated the role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms in coronary artery disease (CAD), but some controversies exist regarding the outcomes as the results were not consistent and remain uncertain. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association of APOE polymorphisms with coronary artery disease. All the relevant studies published in English language till August 2020 were identified by searching through various electronic databases. The complete data was independently extracted by the two researchers. The data were analyzed by using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program and MetaGenyo program. The pooled odds ratio was used to check the associations between CAD and APOE polymorphisms. The following genetic models were used to calculate the odds ratio: ε2 vs. ε3 and ε4 vs. ε3. In the final analysis, we include 12 studies regarding the role of APOE polymorphism in CAD. The pooled odds ratio for ε4 allele was higher (OR 2.00...

Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences, 2020

Objective: To determine the microbiological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of m... more Objective: To determine the microbiological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of microorganisms isolated from specimens of tracheal aspirate and endotracheal tube (ETT) tip. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Lahore, Pakistan during July 2016 to July 2017. The laboratory records of ETT tips and tracheal aspirate specimens was retrospectively reviewed. Standard microbiological procedures were followed for the isolation and the identification of microorganisms. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2016, guidelines were used Results: A total of 126 organisms were isolated from 121 specimens [Tracheal Aspirate 103 (85.1%) and ETT Tip 18 (14.9%)]. Most of the organisms were gram-negative 98 (77.78%), 17 (13.49%) were gram-positive and 11 (8.73%) were yeast. Of 98 gramnegative organisms, Acinetobacter spp was found in majority 61 (62.24%) followed by Klebsiella spp in 17 (17.34%), and Pseudomonas spp in 12 (...

Biochemical genetics, 2021

Although many studies have investigated the association of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms wit... more Although many studies have investigated the association of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the outcomes were not consistent and remain uncertain. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to analyze the available literature and evaluate the association of PON1 polymorphisms with the CAD. All the relevant studies published in the English language from January 1, 2000, up to September 20, 2020, were identified by searching through various electronic databases. The two researchers independently extracted the information. The data were analyzed by using the MetaGenyo program. The pooled odds ratio was used to find the associations between CAD and PON1 polymorphisms. In the final analysis, we include 10 studies regarding the association of PON1 polymorphisms (rs662 and rs854560) with CAD. Overall, the Q192R polymorphism increased the risk of CAD in the tested genetic models including the homozygote model: OR 1.35, CI 1.02-1.79; allelic model: O...

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the major reason for death in today’s world. Among these non... more Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the major reason for death in today’s world. Among these non-communicable diseases, the prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) ranked highest. Worldwide among these CVDs Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity. It is a multifactorial disorder and is influenced by many genes to environment and gene to gene interactions. The lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet routine, stress and smoking are the most common lifestyle-related risk factors. The family history, ethnicity and genetic polymorphisms including the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes also increase the susceptibility to the CAD. One of the most important polymorphisms is in the gene paraoxonase 1 (PON1). Single nucleotide polymorphism in this gene can alter its hydrolytic activity as the mutant allele carriers are more susceptible to CAD as the wild allele type is more effective in inhibiting the oxidation of Low-Density Lipo...

The gene NKX2-5 is a key transcription factor that plays an essential role in normal cardiac deve... more The gene NKX2-5 is a key transcription factor that plays an essential role in normal cardiac development. Although some recent studies have studied the role of polymorphisms in the NKX2-5 gene in congenital heart diseases (CHDs), the results were not consistent and remained uncertain. Therefore, we conduct a review of literature and investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms with CHDs. We selected seventeen studies regarding the association of NKX2-5 gene rs2277923 polymorphism with CHDs. Overall, in all the tested genetic models, the 63A > G polymorphism was not significantly associated with increased congenital heart defects risk. We used pooled odds ratios (OR) to calculate the association of CHDs with rs2277923 including allelic model: OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.82–1.21; homozygote model: OR 0.95, 95%CI 0.68–1.33, recessive model: OR 0.89 CI 0.70–1.13, heterozygote model: OR: 1.09, 95%CI 0.87–1.37, dominant model: OR 1.08 CI 0.82–1.42 and overdominant model: OR 1.17 CI 1.01–...

SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES

This study aims to develop, characterize and validate analytical method and perform stability stu... more This study aims to develop, characterize and validate analytical method and perform stability studies of Racecadotril capsules to treat acute diarrhea. Six formulations of Racecadotril 100mg Capsules were prepared with different excipients by varying their concentrations. The HPLC method was validated on analytical parameters recommended by ICH Q2R guidelines, including specificity, accuracy and recovery, precision, quantitation limit, detection limit, range, linearity, and robustness. Forced degradation studies were performed as per the Stability Indicating Method under various stress conditions. Accelerated stability studies were performed on three stability batches of best fit formulation of Racecadotril 100mg Capsules as per ICH guidelines. Among the six formulations of Racecadotril 100mg Capsule, F6 was the best fit with a comparatively good dissolution profile with 76.9% release in 60 minutes. The HPLC system was suitable as % R.S.D. was 0.619147%, within the acceptance criter...

Additional file 1. PRISMA 2009 Checklist.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2022

Background: Students’ understanding regarding traditional medicine is a part of pharmacy curricul... more Background: Students’ understanding regarding traditional medicine is a part of pharmacy curriculum. In Pakistan, be it students or healthcare professionals, little is known about the general importance of traditional medicine. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the students, enrolled in Doctor of Pharmacy Program, regarding their beliefs, knowledge and practices for use of medicinal plants. Methodology: The questionnaires were distributed among the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm-D) students. The data was analyzed using SPSS software (IBM, version. 22) and different statistical tests were applied, including descriptive analysis, t-test and Pearson chi squared test. Results: Total 254 responses were obtained in the study. While the outcome indicates that the majority of the participants (n=237: 93.3%) acknowledge the usefulness of traditional medicine. 151 (59.4%) participants believed that the traditional medicine is safe but 103 (40.6%) concerned about the side effects of he...

International Journal of Computational Biology and Drug Design, 2020

Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020

Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences, 2020

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2019

The aim of the current review is to demonstrate and indicate the lack of resources and strategies... more The aim of the current review is to demonstrate and indicate the lack of resources and strategies for the diagnostic and palliative care of the patients suffering from breast cancer. As, cancer is a major disease worldwide, it is presiding the errand of medics. In all cancers, breast cancer is a pronounced issue in females all over the world, including Pakistan. It is at the topmost of the list of both genders. There are some institutes working as the registry of cancers in Punjab and Karachi, but are insufficient and its working should be expanded to all provinces of Pakistan to meet the required cancer statistics inclusion nationwide. There are major concerns in collection of the data like; government negligence, lack of awareness, ignorant attitude towards disease management and much more. For the prevention and reduction in the prevalence of disease, the health official must ponder over current state seriously by developing the proper institutes, organized system and implementation of awareness programs to educate people to undergo regular examination for early detection of disease throughout Pakistan.

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018

Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis with drastically increasing incidence since last twenty ... more Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis with drastically increasing incidence since last twenty years. Increased serum uric acid levels and deposition of urate crystals in joints and soft tissues are known to stir-up the symptoms of gout. Patient's quality of life (Qol) suffers markedly due to inflammation, pain, restricted mobility, health economic burden and suboptimal therapeutics associated with gout. Related articles published between 2007 and 2018 were reviewed with the help of different databases including PubMed, Springer link, Medline, Google scholar and Science direct. To ensure the accuracy and credibility of data, articles published only in indexed journals were considered. Gout is a common metabolic disorder that is provoked by increased level of serum uric acid. Presence of other comorbidities i.e. hypertension, diabetes and cardiac diseases precipitate the rate of mortality. Number of gout patients is shown to increase in developed countries whereas developing countries remain at high risk category. The enormous increase in gout is due to chronicity, lack of awareness among patients, poor diagnosis, suboptimal treatment and economic burden. Risk factors associated with gout are well identified and pathophysiology is well-established hence, measures can be taken to improve diagnosis and to ensure cost effective options for the treatment. To curtail the global health burden and to improve patient quality of life there is need: to reduce exposure to risk factors, to promote awareness, to institute robust prophylactic measures, to modify lifestyle, to establish signs for early diagnosis and to develop optimized treatment strategies and policies.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2020

Background: COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease and has reached a status of global health ... more Background: COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease and has reached a status of global health emergency. It is widespread in Pakistan causing morbidity and mortality amongst masses. Objectives: Undertaken study aims at investigating knowledge, attitude and practices of the people residing in Lahore, Pakistan whilst the global crisis with sparse data available previously. Methodology: Following lockdown announcement, an immediate online cross sectional study was conducted from the 31st March to 6 April 2020. Data was analyzed by using SPSS IBM version 22. 00. Results: A total of 316 responses were received. Our study has shown that people 95.80% were well familiar with COVID-19, informed via news channels 46.2%. 91.7% believed the virus is contagious, 95.8% reported that the virus is spread by the respiratory droplets, 89.2% believed that all ages are at risk while 62.3% believed it risky for geriatrics only. 60.4% believed in its prevention with 91.7% respondents agreeably quaran...

Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences

COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV... more COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Being associated with high mortality rates, this pandemic has forced several countries worldwide to impose complete lockdowns to limit the spread of infection. Despite the development of various vaccines, there is still an urgent need to design novel treatments backed with safety data for fighting SARS-CoV-2 and its various mutants. Currently, scientists are putting their strenuous efforts into finding the best treatment option for COVID-19. In this regard, metal complexes being active antiviral agents and immunity enhancers have great potential against SARS-CoV-2. Herein, metal complexes' therapeutic role and significance against treating SARS-CoV-2 or any of its target proteins are discussed.

Proceedings of 7th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry

Pakistan Heart Journal, 2020

To focus on the prevalence and role of different risk factors contributing inpathophysiology of c... more To focus on the prevalence and role of different risk factors contributing inpathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD). Relevant articles publishedbetween 2006 and 2018 were studied with the help of various data basesincluding Google scholar, PubMed, Medline, Springer link, and Science direct.Articles published only in indexed journals were taken in account to ensure thecredibility of data. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a silently progressivechronic disorder which generally establishes overtime to an advance stage till thesymptoms appear. In high income countries, the mortality rate has declined since1980 whereas, middle and low income countries bear three quarters of the globalCAD burden. South Asians are at a greater risk and the prevalence is 50% to 300%higher than the rest of the world. It is a multifactorial disorder and arises from aninteraction between environmental and genetic factors. The conventional CADrisk factors (CRFs) include age, gender, blood lipids, smoki...

International Journal of Botany Studies, 2019

Cancer is a major health concern and one of the leading causes of death around the globe. Medicin... more Cancer is a major health concern and one of the leading causes of death around the globe. Medicinal plants contain numerous phytochemicals and their usefulness for the treatment of cancer has been proven scientifically. The current review is aimed to provide a comprehensive knowledge about the herbal plants with established anti-cancer activity. For this study, different databases were used, including: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and MEDLINE and literature search were done without any year limit. Studies have reported that numerous classes of phytochemicals have tumor inhibitory effect and these could be used for the cure of cancer. In this era, where the drug development process and its subsequent marketing and surveillance often take decades, the emerging evidence of the beneficial anti-cancer properties of plants have proved to be a mercy. There is need to explore more about the mechanism of action of phytochemicals having anti-cancer properties and further to ensure the medicinal plants safety and efficacy to justify their rational use for the treatment and management of the cancer.

Background: Tetracyclines belong to a class of broad spectrum antibiotics. Around the globe, they... more Background: Tetracyclines belong to a class of broad spectrum antibiotics. Around the globe, they are prescribed to treat various gram negative and gram positive bacterial infections. Once in the cell, they reversibly bind to the receptors which are located on 30S subunit of bacterial ribosome. They act by averting the protein synthesis, in turn, halting the bacterial growth. Aim and Objectives: The aim of current review is to study tetracyclines, identifying potential activity against infections and highlighting the microbial resistance associated with various analogues. Material and Method: The data for this review is collected from various databases including Scopus, PubMed, Springer Link and Google Scholar. To ensure the credibility only indexed articles were used in current study. Result: The outcome of the study has suggested that tetracyclines and number of its analogues show selective bioactivity and strength to the biological targets. Through modification at certain positio...

Authors’ Contributions 1, 3 & 4 Data Collection & Processing, Data Analysis and/or Interpretation... more Authors’ Contributions 1, 3 & 4 Data Collection & Processing, Data Analysis and/or Interpretation, Drafting of Manuscript, Critical Review. 2 Conception & Study design, Data Analysis and/or Interpretation, Drafting of Manuscript, Critical Review.

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 2021

Numerous studies have investigated the role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms in coronary ... more Numerous studies have investigated the role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms in coronary artery disease (CAD), but some controversies exist regarding the outcomes as the results were not consistent and remain uncertain. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association of APOE polymorphisms with coronary artery disease. All the relevant studies published in English language till August 2020 were identified by searching through various electronic databases. The complete data was independently extracted by the two researchers. The data were analyzed by using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program and MetaGenyo program. The pooled odds ratio was used to check the associations between CAD and APOE polymorphisms. The following genetic models were used to calculate the odds ratio: ε2 vs. ε3 and ε4 vs. ε3. In the final analysis, we include 12 studies regarding the role of APOE polymorphism in CAD. The pooled odds ratio for ε4 allele was higher (OR 2.00...

Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences, 2020

Objective: To determine the microbiological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of m... more Objective: To determine the microbiological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of microorganisms isolated from specimens of tracheal aspirate and endotracheal tube (ETT) tip. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Lahore, Pakistan during July 2016 to July 2017. The laboratory records of ETT tips and tracheal aspirate specimens was retrospectively reviewed. Standard microbiological procedures were followed for the isolation and the identification of microorganisms. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2016, guidelines were used Results: A total of 126 organisms were isolated from 121 specimens [Tracheal Aspirate 103 (85.1%) and ETT Tip 18 (14.9%)]. Most of the organisms were gram-negative 98 (77.78%), 17 (13.49%) were gram-positive and 11 (8.73%) were yeast. Of 98 gramnegative organisms, Acinetobacter spp was found in majority 61 (62.24%) followed by Klebsiella spp in 17 (17.34%), and Pseudomonas spp in 12 (...

Biochemical genetics, 2021

Although many studies have investigated the association of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms wit... more Although many studies have investigated the association of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the outcomes were not consistent and remain uncertain. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to analyze the available literature and evaluate the association of PON1 polymorphisms with the CAD. All the relevant studies published in the English language from January 1, 2000, up to September 20, 2020, were identified by searching through various electronic databases. The two researchers independently extracted the information. The data were analyzed by using the MetaGenyo program. The pooled odds ratio was used to find the associations between CAD and PON1 polymorphisms. In the final analysis, we include 10 studies regarding the association of PON1 polymorphisms (rs662 and rs854560) with CAD. Overall, the Q192R polymorphism increased the risk of CAD in the tested genetic models including the homozygote model: OR 1.35, CI 1.02-1.79; allelic model: O...

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the major reason for death in today’s world. Among these non... more Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the major reason for death in today’s world. Among these non-communicable diseases, the prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) ranked highest. Worldwide among these CVDs Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity. It is a multifactorial disorder and is influenced by many genes to environment and gene to gene interactions. The lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet routine, stress and smoking are the most common lifestyle-related risk factors. The family history, ethnicity and genetic polymorphisms including the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes also increase the susceptibility to the CAD. One of the most important polymorphisms is in the gene paraoxonase 1 (PON1). Single nucleotide polymorphism in this gene can alter its hydrolytic activity as the mutant allele carriers are more susceptible to CAD as the wild allele type is more effective in inhibiting the oxidation of Low-Density Lipo...

The gene NKX2-5 is a key transcription factor that plays an essential role in normal cardiac deve... more The gene NKX2-5 is a key transcription factor that plays an essential role in normal cardiac development. Although some recent studies have studied the role of polymorphisms in the NKX2-5 gene in congenital heart diseases (CHDs), the results were not consistent and remained uncertain. Therefore, we conduct a review of literature and investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms with CHDs. We selected seventeen studies regarding the association of NKX2-5 gene rs2277923 polymorphism with CHDs. Overall, in all the tested genetic models, the 63A > G polymorphism was not significantly associated with increased congenital heart defects risk. We used pooled odds ratios (OR) to calculate the association of CHDs with rs2277923 including allelic model: OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.82–1.21; homozygote model: OR 0.95, 95%CI 0.68–1.33, recessive model: OR 0.89 CI 0.70–1.13, heterozygote model: OR: 1.09, 95%CI 0.87–1.37, dominant model: OR 1.08 CI 0.82–1.42 and overdominant model: OR 1.17 CI 1.01–...