Kapil Kumar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Kapil Kumar

Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation

Development of customized functional products for engineering and biomedical applications is a pr... more Development of customized functional products for engineering and biomedical applications is a prime objective of 3D printing techniques. As a biomedical application, fabrication of surgical instruments, namely, forceps and hemostat using fused deposition modelling (FDM) process is proposed in this article. The mechanical properties of FDM processed parts depend on various process parameters such as layer height, infill pattern, top/bottom pattern, number of top/bottom layers, infill density, flow, number of shells, printing temperature, build plate temperature, printing speed and fan speed. Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity are chosen as evaluation indexes to ascertain the mechanical properties of poly lactic acid (PLA) parts printed by FDM. Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array (OA) is used to perform the experimentation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to ascertain the significance of the process parameters and their percent contributions on the evaluation indexes. Finally...

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2021

Earlier investigations on biological methods of wastewater treatment have revealed that algal bas... more Earlier investigations on biological methods of wastewater treatment have revealed that algal based wastewater treatment could be a green, cost effective and efficient approach for the removal of heavy metals. So, this study aimed to assess the potential of microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa for remediation of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn, and Ni) from varying concentration (25%, 50%, 75 and 100%) of wastewater collected from Common Effluent Treatment Plant. Heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn, and Ni have been removed significantly from the wastewater, with percentage removal ranging from 73%, 60%, 75%, 66%, 87%, 83%, and 74% with 50% test solution, 57%, 59%, 70%, 56%, 72%, 66%, and 62% with 75% test solution, and 47%, 55%, 56%, 71%, 61%, 77%, and 72% with 100% test solution respectively. Studies on biochemical assay (protein, carbohydrate, and pigment) of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were also an important part of the present investigation to understand the interaction of heavy metals with algal biochemical compounds using Pearson correlation co-efficient. Biomass grown in CETP wastewater can be used for synthesis of various fruitful value-added end products like bio-diesel, pharmaceutical products, cosmetic products, bio-adsorbent etc.

Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022

Modern industrialisation and the need for low-density material initiated the up-gradation of mate... more Modern industrialisation and the need for low-density material initiated the up-gradation of material for the necessity of sustainability, and the same goes for engineering materials as well. Right from ancient times, composites have an important place in the field of engineering materials, but now demand for such materials, especially fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, proliferates just to improve the quality of materials as well as the quality of life. The present work provides a comprehensive literature review on hybrid FRP composites, techniques involved in its fabrication, machining and variation in mechanical properties due to hybridisation. The main focused fibre-reinforced composite are glass fibre, carbon fibre, basalt fibre and Kevlar fibre-reinforced polymeric composites. The paper includes recent work that showcases the hybridisation behaviour and their field of application.

International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 2014

Transungual drug delivery system deals with the drug delivery through the hard keratinized nail p... more Transungual drug delivery system deals with the drug delivery through the hard keratinized nail plate. Different topical nail formulations like lacquers, enamel, and varnish are used for cosmetic purposes.They serve to protect the nail plate but also beautify and impart attractive colors. In present scientist and different researchers are working to treat different nail diseases like onycomycosis, nail psoriasis, yellow nail syndrome, paronychia. Nails disorders are mainly due to fungal infection, when drug is given through oral/systemic route, potency of drug gets decreased at the site of action. To avoid this lose of drug potency topical route of administration is used. The absorption of drugs into the nail unit to the nail plate is essential to produce therapeutic effects. By means of transungual drug delivery system oral toxicity of different drugs like anti-fungal can be avoided and also drug get longer contact time at the site of application. However nail permeability is low b...

2019 16th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC), 2019

The popularity of smartwatches has grown in recent years. Different input modalities such as touc... more The popularity of smartwatches has grown in recent years. Different input modalities such as touch, voice and physical buttons have been explored for a smartwatch and one of them is the watch bezel which was first commercialized in the Samsung GearS smartwatch. We here extend the idea of the rotating bezel to include additional movements of tilt and translation. In this paper we propose a bezel design that enables these degrees of movement of the bezel and a magnetic sensing system to detect bezel movement as small as 0.5mm. A hardware prototype is built and integrated with a custom VR game to demonstrate its applicability. The accuracy of the system is evaluated and user feedback on the experience is also gathered.

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 2021

Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2021

Abstract Constructed wetlands (CWs) could be a sustainable approach to address the issue of low-c... more Abstract Constructed wetlands (CWs) could be a sustainable approach to address the issue of low-cost treatment of domestic wastewaters in rural and sub-urban areas. The present study compiles the results of a mesoscale study of tidal flow constructed wetlands (TF-CWs) with biochar (BC) incorporation and Typha plantation (P). The decision appeared to be decent for treating wastewater or various parameters like biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate (NO3-N), sulphate (SO4−2), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate (PO4−3), and coliforms in TF-CW with tidal flow mode with effluent recirculation. Three setups of TF-CW (SB: substrate + BC ; SBP: substrate + BC + P; and SP: a substrate + P) operated for 216 h and changes in studied parameters were recorded. The enhanced results were obtained for the maximum removal of COD, BOD, NH4+-N, NO3-N, PO4−, SO4−2 and coliforms (94.77, 96.07, 85.65, 64.05, 71.69, 77.61 and 97.27%, respectively) in SBP followed by, SP and SB. Presence of carbon source in support matrix could enhance microbial activities, providing extra adsorptive surface, and oxygen retention which could be advantageous for TF-CWs. Thus the study suggests that TF-CWs with effluent re-circulation and BC addition in the substratum can be an effective strategy to operate a CW effectively in remote areas for domestic and rural wastewater treatment with low energy input.

Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology, 2018

Activation mapping of scar-related atrial tachycardias (ATs) can be difficult to interpret becaus... more Activation mapping of scar-related atrial tachycardias (ATs) can be difficult to interpret because of inaccurate time annotation of complex electrograms and passive diastolic activity. We examined whether integration of a vector map can help to describe patterns of propagation to better explain the mechanism and location of ATs. The investigational mapping algorithm calculates vectors and applies physiological constraints of electrical excitation in human atrial tissue to determine the arrhythmia source and circuit. Phase I consisted of retrospective evaluation in 35 patients with ATs. Phase II consisted of prospective validation in 20 patients with ATs. Macroreentry was defined as a continuous propagation in a circular path >30 mm; localized reentry was defined as a circular path ≤30 mm; a focal source had a centrifugal spread from a point source. In phase I, standard activation mapping identified 28 of 40 ATs (70%): 25 macroreentry and 3 focal tachycardias. In the remaining 12 ...

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2018

Self-assembled fibre-to-disc fluorescent aggregates of coronene diimide were explored for tuning ... more Self-assembled fibre-to-disc fluorescent aggregates of coronene diimide were explored for tuning of their emission color, visualization of latent fingerprints (solution and powder dusting methods) and bio-labeling of HeLa cells.

Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2018

Multiple gastrointestinal cancers in a single patient is a rare entity. In our study, we are show... more Multiple gastrointestinal cancers in a single patient is a rare entity. In our study, we are showing the clinical presentation and management of these patients. A fifty-nine-year-old asthenic male (already treated case of metachronous colorectal cancer in 2008 and 2011) presented with complaints of generalized weakness and fatigue. Strong family history was present with two of his first-degree relatives having diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer at the age < 50 years with one of them having stomach carcinoma and another with GEJ tumors. On evaluation, upper GI endoscopy revealed growth at cardia and endoscopic biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. Radiological evaluation with PET-CT scan revealed proximal stomach growth with regional lymphadenopathy. Patient was optimized for surgery and underwent D2 total gastrectomy, distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy with Roux-en-Yoesophago-jejunal anastomosis. Pathological stage revealed pT4N2M0, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of proximal stomach, both distal and proximal cut margins negative for tumor, LVI present with no perineural invasion, and 5/18 lymph nodes dissected were positive for malignancy. Genetic testing needs to be considered in this patient (modified Bethesda guidelines and IGCLC criteria). Familial gastric cancer are of two types: (a) hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome, (b) familial intestinal type gastric cancer. Approximately 5% of patients have germ-line mutations-AD LYNCH syndrome, hereditary breast-ovarian cancer, and polyposis and non-polyposis syndrome. Once diagnosed in localized advanced stage, the best treatment is R0 resection though overall prognosis in these patients is very poor. So it is rationale to find such families with elevated risk and to do active surveillance for early diagnosis and providing prophylactic gastrectomies to them as it has proven to be beneficial in hereditary form of gastric cancer.

Indian journal of surgical oncology, 2018

Lymphadenectomy is considered an integral part of comprehensive surgical staging of endometrial c... more Lymphadenectomy is considered an integral part of comprehensive surgical staging of endometrial cancer but debate on the value of lymphadenectomy continues in early-stage endometrial cancer. The aim of our study was to determine the number of node positive patients in clinically early-stage low-grade (G1-G2) endometrioid endometrial cancer. We retro-prospectively analyzed the medical records of 155 women with endometrial pathology coming to the BLK cancer center between January 2015 and December 2017 and studied 60 patients of FIGO grade 1-2 endometrioid endometrial cancer confined to the uterus to determine the nodal positivity. Out of total 60 cases, 2 (3.3%) patients had positive nodes indicating the very low incidence of nodal positivity in clinically uterus confined low-grade endometrioid tumors. Both pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes were positive in 1 patient. Skip metastases with para-aortic nodal positivity only while pelvic lymph nodes being negative were found in 1 (1.6%...

Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2017

Breast conservation therapy (BCT) is now internationally accepted treatment for early breast canc... more Breast conservation therapy (BCT) is now internationally accepted treatment for early breast cancer. Despite of high incidence of carcinoma breast in India, BCT rates are very low as compared to the west. In this article, we wish to share our experience of breast conservation with oncoplasty in Indian women. A retrospective analysis of case records of patients treated with oncoplastic breast conservation from January 2009 to June 2014 in a single surgical oncology unit in a tertiary cancer institute. Demographic patient data, stage of disease, location of primary tumour, use of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy if received, tumour size and breast size ratio, reconstruction method used, post-operative complications and aesthetic score of patients were analysed. Various methods of oncoplasty and partial breast reconstruction used are discussed. Four hundred and seventy-two patient records were found suitable for analysis. Most common stage of presentation was T2N0 in 189 patients (40%). Forty-one patients received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Tumour arising in upper outer quadrant was most common site, seen in 268 (56.7%). The most common method of reconstruction was volume displacement, done in 57.6% patients. Overall surgical complications included wound infection with or without dehiscence, seroma formation, partial flap necrosis and fat necrosis. Cosmesis was found to be excellent in 23.09% and good in 58.47% at 6-month follow-up. Breast conservation with oncoplasty is oncologically safe for early breast cancer treatment and has good cosmetic outcome with high patient satisfaction rates. Its practice should be encouraged in Indian setup also.

Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 5, 2016

This paper reports the results of vermicomposting of water lettuce biomass (WL) spiked with cow d... more This paper reports the results of vermicomposting of water lettuce biomass (WL) spiked with cow dung at ratios of 20, 40, 60, and 80 % employing Eisenia fetida. A total of four treatments were established and changes in chemical properties of mixtures were observed. Vermicomposting caused a decrease in pH, TOC, volatile solids, and C/N ratio by 1.01-1.08-fold, 0.85-0.92-fold, 0.94-0.96-fold, 0.56-0.70-fold, respectively, but increase in EC, totN, totP, totK, totCa, totZn, totFe, and totCu, by 1.19-1.42-fold, 1.33-1.68-fold, 1.38-1.69-fold, 1.13-1.24-fold, 1.04-1.11-fold, 1.16-1.37-fold, 1.05-1.113-fold, 1.10-1.27-fold, respectively. Overall, the treatment with 60-80 % of WL showed the maximum decomposition and mineralization rates. The earthworm showed the growth and reproduction rate in considerable ranges in all treatment setups but setups with 60-80 % WL proportion exhibited the optimum results. Results reveal that biomass of water lettuce can be utilized effectively for producti...

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2015

Background: To assess the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone ... more Background: To assess the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) neu receptor in breast cancer and their associations with various clinicopathological characteristics. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of women who presented with primary, unilateral breast cancer in the Department of Medical Oncology at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India during the period from January 2008 to December 2011. Data were retrieved from the medical records of the hospital including both early and locally advanced cancer cases. ER, PgR and HER2neu expression in these patients was assessed and triple negative patients were identified. Associations of triple negative and non-triple negative groups with clinicopathological characteristics were also evaluated. Results: A total of 1,284 women (mean age 52.1 years, 41.9% premenopausal) were included in the analysis. Hormone receptor positivity (ER and/or PgR) was seen in 63.4% patients, while 23.8% of tumors were triple negative. Only 23.0% were HER2 positive. Around 10.0% of tumors were both ER and HER2 positive. ER and PgR positivity was significantly associated with negative HER2 status (p-value <0.0001). Younger age, premenopausal status, higher tumor grade, lymph node negativity, advanced cancer stage, and type of tumor were strongly associated with triple negativity. Significantly, a smaller proportion of women had ductal carcinoma in situ in the triple negative group compared with the non-triple negative group (35.6% versus 60.8%, p-value <0.01). Conclusions: The present analysis is one of the largest studies from India. The majority of the Indian breast cancer patients seen in our hospital present with ER and PgR positive tumors. The triple negative patients tended to be younger, premenopausal, and were associated with higher tumor grades, negative lymph nodes status and lower frequency of ductal carcinoma in situ.

[1992] Conference Record IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference

... a single FM channeL Since the FM equipment has also to be simple enough for this son of appli... more ... a single FM channeL Since the FM equipment has also to be simple enough for this son of application, a single frequency Fh4 transmitter abne had to ... 14 to high or low logic If this pin 14 is high, the frequency of transmission is 1070-127OHz (1270 for mark and 1070 for space). ...

Indian Journal of Surgery, 2016

RSC Adv., 2016

A chemoselective synthesis of novel 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones and dienyl thiazolidin-4-one carboxy... more A chemoselective synthesis of novel 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones and dienyl thiazolidin-4-one carboxylates in excellent yields by ring transformation reactions of functionally decorated 2-azetidin-3-thiazolidin-4-ones is reported.