Kashif Jamal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Kashif Jamal
Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research, 2018
Water, 2019
The source region of the Indus River (SRIR), which is located in the Hindukush, Karakoram and Him... more The source region of the Indus River (SRIR), which is located in the Hindukush, Karakoram and Himalayan (HKH) mountainous range and on the Third Pole (TP), is very sensitive to climate change, especially precipitation changes, because of its multifarious orography and fragile ecosystem. Climate changes in the SRIR also have important impacts on social and economic development, as well as on the ecosystems of the downstream irrigation areas in Pakistan. This paper investigates the changes in precipitation characteristics by dividing the daily precipitation rate into different classes, such as light (0–10 mm), moderate (10.1–25 mm) and heavy precipitation (>25 mm). Daily precipitation data from gauging and non-gauging stations from 1961–2015 are used. The results of the analysis of the annual precipitation and rainy day trends show significant (p < 0.05) increases and decreases, respectively, while light and heavy precipitation show significant decreasing and increasing trends, ...
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2016
Energy, 1994
... K. Al-Jamal. ... NOMENCLATURE AOH = Area of GH Aroof = Projected area of the GH roof side = P... more ... K. Al-Jamal. ... NOMENCLATURE AOH = Area of GH Aroof = Projected area of the GH roof side = Projected area of the GH walls Cp = Specific heat of dry air C = Specific heat of water vapor Rside = Solar radiation absorbed by the GH wall fprwf = Solar radiation absorbed by the ...
Investigation of streamflows in high–altitude cryosphere due to the changing climate is an immens... more Investigation of streamflows in high–altitude cryosphere due to the changing climate is an immense challenge under inadequate climate records. The current study compares the efficiency of rainfall–runoff model (HEC–HMS) and the snowmelt–runoff model (SRM) for current climate in Hunza River catchment. Landsat–5 & 8 imagery was selected for land cover classification and change detection using Earth Recourses Data Analysis System (ERDAS) Imagine tool. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Snow Cover Area (SCA) products were used for the generation of cloud free composite SCA by removing the clouds. The hydrological models were calibrated by using observed daily streamflows of 6 years (2001–2006), while validated for 3 years (2008–2010). Overall, the simulated streamflow results showed that the performance of SRM was significantly better than HEC–HMS, as depicted by Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (NS) and coefficient of determination (R) of 0.95 and 0.92 (0.97 and 0.89) ...
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2018
Climate change has significant impacts on hydrology in high altitude snow and glacier covered mou... more Climate change has significant impacts on hydrology in high altitude snow and glacier covered mountainous regions. These regions are highly sensitive to changes in climate variables, such as temperature and precipitation and producing high runoffs. Runoff produced from different altitude ranges and their sensitivity to current and changing climate is also unknown. This study was carried out in high altitude mountainous cryosphere Hunza River Catchment (HRC) which is located in Hindukush and Karakoram ranges and is the major tributary of the Indus River Basin. Snowmelt-Runoff Model (SRM) was used to analyse the current and projected hydrological regimes and the sensitivity of Snow Cover Area (SCA) at different altitude levels under current and changing climate. Under the current condition (i.e., 2001-2010 except 2006), the results showed that about half of the mean annual streamflows at the outlet of the HRC is contributed by the altitude ranges of 4500-5500 m a.s.l. Climatic projections under the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios were used for the climate change impact assessment. Compared to the baseline climate, the mean annual temperature would increase by 0.7 (0.6), 2.4 (1.3) and 4.6 (1.9) ℃, respectively during 2030s, 2060s and 2090s; and the mean annual precipitation would increase by 63.3 (33.6) mm during 2090s under the RCP8.5 (RCP4.5) projections. Moreover, two SCA scenarios were developed, i.e., the baseline unchanged SCA and the hypothetical change in SCA scenarios. In the first SCA scenario, the results showed that additional streamflows of 43 (34), 153 (83.4) and 304 (115.7) m 3 s-1 under RCP8.5 (RCP4.5) will be added into baseline annual streamflows of 269 m 3 s-1 during 2030s, 2060s and 2090s, respectively. In the second scenario, we found that 10 % and 15 % decrease in SCA would result in increases (or decrease) in streamflows approximately by 18 (2) % and 42 (7) % under the RCP8.5 (RCP4.5) scenario during 2060s and 2090s, respectively. Whereas altitude range 4500-5500 m a.s.l showed increasing trend during premonsoon (April-June) and monsoon (July-August) season under changed SCA scenario for both RCPs scenarios. Current and near future climate pattern is favourable for Indus River regarding high water flows. However, future water flow pattern is declining because of disappearance or decrease in snow and glaciers melt area which correspondingly means that mid/downstream water allocation will be effected or reduced at some extent. Proper adaptations or managements strategies should be executed for upcoming harsh conditions.
Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research, 2018
Water, 2019
The source region of the Indus River (SRIR), which is located in the Hindukush, Karakoram and Him... more The source region of the Indus River (SRIR), which is located in the Hindukush, Karakoram and Himalayan (HKH) mountainous range and on the Third Pole (TP), is very sensitive to climate change, especially precipitation changes, because of its multifarious orography and fragile ecosystem. Climate changes in the SRIR also have important impacts on social and economic development, as well as on the ecosystems of the downstream irrigation areas in Pakistan. This paper investigates the changes in precipitation characteristics by dividing the daily precipitation rate into different classes, such as light (0–10 mm), moderate (10.1–25 mm) and heavy precipitation (>25 mm). Daily precipitation data from gauging and non-gauging stations from 1961–2015 are used. The results of the analysis of the annual precipitation and rainy day trends show significant (p < 0.05) increases and decreases, respectively, while light and heavy precipitation show significant decreasing and increasing trends, ...
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2016
Energy, 1994
... K. Al-Jamal. ... NOMENCLATURE AOH = Area of GH Aroof = Projected area of the GH roof side = P... more ... K. Al-Jamal. ... NOMENCLATURE AOH = Area of GH Aroof = Projected area of the GH roof side = Projected area of the GH walls Cp = Specific heat of dry air C = Specific heat of water vapor Rside = Solar radiation absorbed by the GH wall fprwf = Solar radiation absorbed by the ...
Investigation of streamflows in high–altitude cryosphere due to the changing climate is an immens... more Investigation of streamflows in high–altitude cryosphere due to the changing climate is an immense challenge under inadequate climate records. The current study compares the efficiency of rainfall–runoff model (HEC–HMS) and the snowmelt–runoff model (SRM) for current climate in Hunza River catchment. Landsat–5 & 8 imagery was selected for land cover classification and change detection using Earth Recourses Data Analysis System (ERDAS) Imagine tool. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Snow Cover Area (SCA) products were used for the generation of cloud free composite SCA by removing the clouds. The hydrological models were calibrated by using observed daily streamflows of 6 years (2001–2006), while validated for 3 years (2008–2010). Overall, the simulated streamflow results showed that the performance of SRM was significantly better than HEC–HMS, as depicted by Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (NS) and coefficient of determination (R) of 0.95 and 0.92 (0.97 and 0.89) ...
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2018
Climate change has significant impacts on hydrology in high altitude snow and glacier covered mou... more Climate change has significant impacts on hydrology in high altitude snow and glacier covered mountainous regions. These regions are highly sensitive to changes in climate variables, such as temperature and precipitation and producing high runoffs. Runoff produced from different altitude ranges and their sensitivity to current and changing climate is also unknown. This study was carried out in high altitude mountainous cryosphere Hunza River Catchment (HRC) which is located in Hindukush and Karakoram ranges and is the major tributary of the Indus River Basin. Snowmelt-Runoff Model (SRM) was used to analyse the current and projected hydrological regimes and the sensitivity of Snow Cover Area (SCA) at different altitude levels under current and changing climate. Under the current condition (i.e., 2001-2010 except 2006), the results showed that about half of the mean annual streamflows at the outlet of the HRC is contributed by the altitude ranges of 4500-5500 m a.s.l. Climatic projections under the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios were used for the climate change impact assessment. Compared to the baseline climate, the mean annual temperature would increase by 0.7 (0.6), 2.4 (1.3) and 4.6 (1.9) ℃, respectively during 2030s, 2060s and 2090s; and the mean annual precipitation would increase by 63.3 (33.6) mm during 2090s under the RCP8.5 (RCP4.5) projections. Moreover, two SCA scenarios were developed, i.e., the baseline unchanged SCA and the hypothetical change in SCA scenarios. In the first SCA scenario, the results showed that additional streamflows of 43 (34), 153 (83.4) and 304 (115.7) m 3 s-1 under RCP8.5 (RCP4.5) will be added into baseline annual streamflows of 269 m 3 s-1 during 2030s, 2060s and 2090s, respectively. In the second scenario, we found that 10 % and 15 % decrease in SCA would result in increases (or decrease) in streamflows approximately by 18 (2) % and 42 (7) % under the RCP8.5 (RCP4.5) scenario during 2060s and 2090s, respectively. Whereas altitude range 4500-5500 m a.s.l showed increasing trend during premonsoon (April-June) and monsoon (July-August) season under changed SCA scenario for both RCPs scenarios. Current and near future climate pattern is favourable for Indus River regarding high water flows. However, future water flow pattern is declining because of disappearance or decrease in snow and glaciers melt area which correspondingly means that mid/downstream water allocation will be effected or reduced at some extent. Proper adaptations or managements strategies should be executed for upcoming harsh conditions.