Kashif Jamal - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Kashif Jamal
Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research, 2018
Background and Aim: Dexmedetomidine is a α 2 agonist with sedative, sympatholytic and analgesic p... more Background and Aim: Dexmedetomidine is a α 2 agonist with sedative, sympatholytic and analgesic properties and hence, it can be a very useful drug in anaesthesia to blunt the stress response to extubation, the smooth emergence of anaesthesia. We aimed primarily to evaluate the effects of three doses of dexmedetomidine on haemodynamic response to extubation in patients undergoing elective general surgery. The secondary aims were to observe the effects on extubation quality, sedation levels and occurrence of adverse effects. Methods: 90 patients of the American Society of Anaesthesiologists(ASA) physical grades I and II were randomly allocated into three groups. Group A patients 0.5mcg/kg, Group B 0.75mcg/kg and Group C 1.0 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine infusion, starting 15 minutes before extubation. Parameters noted were pulse rate, mean arterial pressure, oxygen saturation, post-operative sedation,coughing on extubation and any adverse effect . Results: The three doses of dexmedetomidine were able to maintain hemodynamic stability on tracheal extubation. But significant changes in hemodynamic parameters were noted in group A at 3 and 15 minutes post extubation (P <0.05). The post extubation haemodynamically stability was statistically better in group A and group B as compared with group C (P<0.05). Time for extubation and eye opening was prolonged in Group C (P <0.001). The Incidence of hypotension and bradycardia were noted in group C (6.66% and 3.33%) but was transient. Incidence of coughing was lower in Group B (P <0.05). Patients in group C were more sedated for 30 minutesutes post extubation. No significant side effects were noted. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine 0.5 µg/kg,0.75 µg/kg and 1.0 µg/kg given before 15 minutes of extubation attenuates hemodynamic reflexes during emergence from anesthesia without causing undue sedation, but higher dose1.0 µg/kg were associated with more post extubation sedation and some undesirable adverse affect hypotension and bradycardia.
Water, 2018
Traditional irrigation practices, low crop productivity, unlevelled fields, water losses taking p... more Traditional irrigation practices, low crop productivity, unlevelled fields, water losses taking place during conveyance and application phases, as well as low irrigation efficiencies are the main problems of the common farmers in Pakistan. These problems are more noticeable in the command area of Lower Chenab Canal (LCC), which is the main portion of the Indus Basin Project in Pakistan. To overcome these problems, different water management technologies such as precision land levelling (PLL), bed planting, drip irrigation systems, and watercourse improvement were introduced to farmers to increase water savings and crop yields in the area of five distributaries-Khurrianwala, Shahkot, Mungi, Khikhi, Killianwala and Dijkot-during the cropping seasons of 2008 to 2015. The use of drip irrigation resulted in savings of water and fertilizer and increased the crop yields by 30-40%. Three watercourses, one on each site of 1200 m in length, were lined, which resulted in improved conveyance efficiency of 15-20%. If wheat, rice and cotton in the command area of LCC are sown on precisely levelled fields and on beds, then about 2768.1 million m 3 and 3699.3 million m 3 of irrigation water can be saved. These results show the potential of water-efficient technologies for saving water as well as increasing crop yields.
Water, 2019
The source region of the Indus River (SRIR), which is located in the Hindukush, Karakoram and Him... more The source region of the Indus River (SRIR), which is located in the Hindukush, Karakoram and Himalayan (HKH) mountainous range and on the Third Pole (TP), is very sensitive to climate change, especially precipitation changes, because of its multifarious orography and fragile ecosystem. Climate changes in the SRIR also have important impacts on social and economic development, as well as on the ecosystems of the downstream irrigation areas in Pakistan. This paper investigates the changes in precipitation characteristics by dividing the daily precipitation rate into different classes, such as light (0–10 mm), moderate (10.1–25 mm) and heavy precipitation (>25 mm). Daily precipitation data from gauging and non-gauging stations from 1961–2015 are used. The results of the analysis of the annual precipitation and rainy day trends show significant (p < 0.05) increases and decreases, respectively, while light and heavy precipitation show significant decreasing and increasing trends, ...
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2016
We report a case of severe/fulminant psychosis in an intellectually disabled healthy teenage fema... more We report a case of severe/fulminant psychosis in an intellectually disabled healthy teenage female operated for the fracture shaft of the femur after post polio residual para-paresis under spinal anaesthesia. For intra-operative sedation, injection ketamine was used in subanaesthetic doses following midazolam premedication. Postoperatively she developed severe psychosis for which injection diazepam and midazolam were unsuccessful to manage the psychological crisis. Finally, ketamine induced unmanageable fulminant psychosis was controlled by injection haloperidol.
Greenhouse cooling in hot countries
Energy, 1994
... K. Al-Jamal. ... NOMENCLATURE AOH = Area of GH Aroof = Projected area of the GH roof side = P... more ... K. Al-Jamal. ... NOMENCLATURE AOH = Area of GH Aroof = Projected area of the GH roof side = Projected area of the GH walls Cp = Specific heat of dry air C = Specific heat of water vapor Rside = Solar radiation absorbed by the GH wall fprwf = Solar radiation absorbed by the ...
Investigation of streamflows in high–altitude cryosphere due to the changing climate is an immens... more Investigation of streamflows in high–altitude cryosphere due to the changing climate is an immense challenge under inadequate climate records. The current study compares the efficiency of rainfall–runoff model (HEC–HMS) and the snowmelt–runoff model (SRM) for current climate in Hunza River catchment. Landsat–5 & 8 imagery was selected for land cover classification and change detection using Earth Recourses Data Analysis System (ERDAS) Imagine tool. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Snow Cover Area (SCA) products were used for the generation of cloud free composite SCA by removing the clouds. The hydrological models were calibrated by using observed daily streamflows of 6 years (2001–2006), while validated for 3 years (2008–2010). Overall, the simulated streamflow results showed that the performance of SRM was significantly better than HEC–HMS, as depicted by Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (NS) and coefficient of determination (R) of 0.95 and 0.92 (0.97 and 0.89) ...
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2018
Climate change has significant impacts on hydrology in high altitude snow and glacier covered mou... more Climate change has significant impacts on hydrology in high altitude snow and glacier covered mountainous regions. These regions are highly sensitive to changes in climate variables, such as temperature and precipitation and producing high runoffs. Runoff produced from different altitude ranges and their sensitivity to current and changing climate is also unknown. This study was carried out in high altitude mountainous cryosphere Hunza River Catchment (HRC) which is located in Hindukush and Karakoram ranges and is the major tributary of the Indus River Basin. Snowmelt-Runoff Model (SRM) was used to analyse the current and projected hydrological regimes and the sensitivity of Snow Cover Area (SCA) at different altitude levels under current and changing climate. Under the current condition (i.e., 2001-2010 except 2006), the results showed that about half of the mean annual streamflows at the outlet of the HRC is contributed by the altitude ranges of 4500-5500 m a.s.l. Climatic projections under the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios were used for the climate change impact assessment. Compared to the baseline climate, the mean annual temperature would increase by 0.7 (0.6), 2.4 (1.3) and 4.6 (1.9) ℃, respectively during 2030s, 2060s and 2090s; and the mean annual precipitation would increase by 63.3 (33.6) mm during 2090s under the RCP8.5 (RCP4.5) projections. Moreover, two SCA scenarios were developed, i.e., the baseline unchanged SCA and the hypothetical change in SCA scenarios. In the first SCA scenario, the results showed that additional streamflows of 43 (34), 153 (83.4) and 304 (115.7) m 3 s-1 under RCP8.5 (RCP4.5) will be added into baseline annual streamflows of 269 m 3 s-1 during 2030s, 2060s and 2090s, respectively. In the second scenario, we found that 10 % and 15 % decrease in SCA would result in increases (or decrease) in streamflows approximately by 18 (2) % and 42 (7) % under the RCP8.5 (RCP4.5) scenario during 2060s and 2090s, respectively. Whereas altitude range 4500-5500 m a.s.l showed increasing trend during premonsoon (April-June) and monsoon (July-August) season under changed SCA scenario for both RCPs scenarios. Current and near future climate pattern is favourable for Indus River regarding high water flows. However, future water flow pattern is declining because of disappearance or decrease in snow and glaciers melt area which correspondingly means that mid/downstream water allocation will be effected or reduced at some extent. Proper adaptations or managements strategies should be executed for upcoming harsh conditions.
Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research, 2018
Background and Aim: Dexmedetomidine is a α 2 agonist with sedative, sympatholytic and analgesic p... more Background and Aim: Dexmedetomidine is a α 2 agonist with sedative, sympatholytic and analgesic properties and hence, it can be a very useful drug in anaesthesia to blunt the stress response to extubation, the smooth emergence of anaesthesia. We aimed primarily to evaluate the effects of three doses of dexmedetomidine on haemodynamic response to extubation in patients undergoing elective general surgery. The secondary aims were to observe the effects on extubation quality, sedation levels and occurrence of adverse effects. Methods: 90 patients of the American Society of Anaesthesiologists(ASA) physical grades I and II were randomly allocated into three groups. Group A patients 0.5mcg/kg, Group B 0.75mcg/kg and Group C 1.0 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine infusion, starting 15 minutes before extubation. Parameters noted were pulse rate, mean arterial pressure, oxygen saturation, post-operative sedation,coughing on extubation and any adverse effect . Results: The three doses of dexmedetomidine were able to maintain hemodynamic stability on tracheal extubation. But significant changes in hemodynamic parameters were noted in group A at 3 and 15 minutes post extubation (P <0.05). The post extubation haemodynamically stability was statistically better in group A and group B as compared with group C (P<0.05). Time for extubation and eye opening was prolonged in Group C (P <0.001). The Incidence of hypotension and bradycardia were noted in group C (6.66% and 3.33%) but was transient. Incidence of coughing was lower in Group B (P <0.05). Patients in group C were more sedated for 30 minutesutes post extubation. No significant side effects were noted. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine 0.5 µg/kg,0.75 µg/kg and 1.0 µg/kg given before 15 minutes of extubation attenuates hemodynamic reflexes during emergence from anesthesia without causing undue sedation, but higher dose1.0 µg/kg were associated with more post extubation sedation and some undesirable adverse affect hypotension and bradycardia.
Water, 2018
Traditional irrigation practices, low crop productivity, unlevelled fields, water losses taking p... more Traditional irrigation practices, low crop productivity, unlevelled fields, water losses taking place during conveyance and application phases, as well as low irrigation efficiencies are the main problems of the common farmers in Pakistan. These problems are more noticeable in the command area of Lower Chenab Canal (LCC), which is the main portion of the Indus Basin Project in Pakistan. To overcome these problems, different water management technologies such as precision land levelling (PLL), bed planting, drip irrigation systems, and watercourse improvement were introduced to farmers to increase water savings and crop yields in the area of five distributaries-Khurrianwala, Shahkot, Mungi, Khikhi, Killianwala and Dijkot-during the cropping seasons of 2008 to 2015. The use of drip irrigation resulted in savings of water and fertilizer and increased the crop yields by 30-40%. Three watercourses, one on each site of 1200 m in length, were lined, which resulted in improved conveyance efficiency of 15-20%. If wheat, rice and cotton in the command area of LCC are sown on precisely levelled fields and on beds, then about 2768.1 million m 3 and 3699.3 million m 3 of irrigation water can be saved. These results show the potential of water-efficient technologies for saving water as well as increasing crop yields.
Water, 2019
The source region of the Indus River (SRIR), which is located in the Hindukush, Karakoram and Him... more The source region of the Indus River (SRIR), which is located in the Hindukush, Karakoram and Himalayan (HKH) mountainous range and on the Third Pole (TP), is very sensitive to climate change, especially precipitation changes, because of its multifarious orography and fragile ecosystem. Climate changes in the SRIR also have important impacts on social and economic development, as well as on the ecosystems of the downstream irrigation areas in Pakistan. This paper investigates the changes in precipitation characteristics by dividing the daily precipitation rate into different classes, such as light (0–10 mm), moderate (10.1–25 mm) and heavy precipitation (>25 mm). Daily precipitation data from gauging and non-gauging stations from 1961–2015 are used. The results of the analysis of the annual precipitation and rainy day trends show significant (p < 0.05) increases and decreases, respectively, while light and heavy precipitation show significant decreasing and increasing trends, ...
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2016
We report a case of severe/fulminant psychosis in an intellectually disabled healthy teenage fema... more We report a case of severe/fulminant psychosis in an intellectually disabled healthy teenage female operated for the fracture shaft of the femur after post polio residual para-paresis under spinal anaesthesia. For intra-operative sedation, injection ketamine was used in subanaesthetic doses following midazolam premedication. Postoperatively she developed severe psychosis for which injection diazepam and midazolam were unsuccessful to manage the psychological crisis. Finally, ketamine induced unmanageable fulminant psychosis was controlled by injection haloperidol.
Greenhouse cooling in hot countries
Energy, 1994
... K. Al-Jamal. ... NOMENCLATURE AOH = Area of GH Aroof = Projected area of the GH roof side = P... more ... K. Al-Jamal. ... NOMENCLATURE AOH = Area of GH Aroof = Projected area of the GH roof side = Projected area of the GH walls Cp = Specific heat of dry air C = Specific heat of water vapor Rside = Solar radiation absorbed by the GH wall fprwf = Solar radiation absorbed by the ...
Investigation of streamflows in high–altitude cryosphere due to the changing climate is an immens... more Investigation of streamflows in high–altitude cryosphere due to the changing climate is an immense challenge under inadequate climate records. The current study compares the efficiency of rainfall–runoff model (HEC–HMS) and the snowmelt–runoff model (SRM) for current climate in Hunza River catchment. Landsat–5 & 8 imagery was selected for land cover classification and change detection using Earth Recourses Data Analysis System (ERDAS) Imagine tool. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Snow Cover Area (SCA) products were used for the generation of cloud free composite SCA by removing the clouds. The hydrological models were calibrated by using observed daily streamflows of 6 years (2001–2006), while validated for 3 years (2008–2010). Overall, the simulated streamflow results showed that the performance of SRM was significantly better than HEC–HMS, as depicted by Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (NS) and coefficient of determination (R) of 0.95 and 0.92 (0.97 and 0.89) ...
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2018
Climate change has significant impacts on hydrology in high altitude snow and glacier covered mou... more Climate change has significant impacts on hydrology in high altitude snow and glacier covered mountainous regions. These regions are highly sensitive to changes in climate variables, such as temperature and precipitation and producing high runoffs. Runoff produced from different altitude ranges and their sensitivity to current and changing climate is also unknown. This study was carried out in high altitude mountainous cryosphere Hunza River Catchment (HRC) which is located in Hindukush and Karakoram ranges and is the major tributary of the Indus River Basin. Snowmelt-Runoff Model (SRM) was used to analyse the current and projected hydrological regimes and the sensitivity of Snow Cover Area (SCA) at different altitude levels under current and changing climate. Under the current condition (i.e., 2001-2010 except 2006), the results showed that about half of the mean annual streamflows at the outlet of the HRC is contributed by the altitude ranges of 4500-5500 m a.s.l. Climatic projections under the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios were used for the climate change impact assessment. Compared to the baseline climate, the mean annual temperature would increase by 0.7 (0.6), 2.4 (1.3) and 4.6 (1.9) ℃, respectively during 2030s, 2060s and 2090s; and the mean annual precipitation would increase by 63.3 (33.6) mm during 2090s under the RCP8.5 (RCP4.5) projections. Moreover, two SCA scenarios were developed, i.e., the baseline unchanged SCA and the hypothetical change in SCA scenarios. In the first SCA scenario, the results showed that additional streamflows of 43 (34), 153 (83.4) and 304 (115.7) m 3 s-1 under RCP8.5 (RCP4.5) will be added into baseline annual streamflows of 269 m 3 s-1 during 2030s, 2060s and 2090s, respectively. In the second scenario, we found that 10 % and 15 % decrease in SCA would result in increases (or decrease) in streamflows approximately by 18 (2) % and 42 (7) % under the RCP8.5 (RCP4.5) scenario during 2060s and 2090s, respectively. Whereas altitude range 4500-5500 m a.s.l showed increasing trend during premonsoon (April-June) and monsoon (July-August) season under changed SCA scenario for both RCPs scenarios. Current and near future climate pattern is favourable for Indus River regarding high water flows. However, future water flow pattern is declining because of disappearance or decrease in snow and glaciers melt area which correspondingly means that mid/downstream water allocation will be effected or reduced at some extent. Proper adaptations or managements strategies should be executed for upcoming harsh conditions.