Kathy Phạm - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Kathy Phạm
Leveraging Data Science for Global Health, 2020
New technologies offer great opportunities to improve and expand the provision of health informat... more New technologies offer great opportunities to improve and expand the provision of health information and services worldwide. Digital health interventions (WHO 2018) include those designed for individuals, such as personalized health information delivered to their mobile phones; health care providers, such as decision support tools; and health systems, which include the digitization of health records. The other chapters outline the scope and potential for digital advances to impact global health outcomes. This chapter focuses on the responsibilities that accompany the adoption of these technologies. Specifically, we examine the ethical considerations to leveraging technology for global health, with a focus on resource-poor regions. Our paramount ethical consideration centers on putting the community and end user needs at the center of the approach. Using the concerned community as the starting point, all other ethical considerations follow, from safeguarding the rights of those impacted, which includes data privacy, security, and consent, to assessing unintended consequences. Keywords Ethics • Data privacy • Informed consent • Global health • Data science • Data protection • General data protection regulation Learning objectives By the end of this chapter, you will be able to: • Grasp the importance of ethics in global health data science work. • Understand the planned and potential impact any intervention can have on the individuals and communities interacting with the technology. • Consider issues of data protection and privacy, informed user consent, and unintended consequences in the context of a global health data science intervention.
Digestive diseases and sciences, Jan 23, 2017
As an important quality measure, the rates of recommended immunizations among immunocompromised i... more As an important quality measure, the rates of recommended immunizations among immunocompromised inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in community practice have not been well studied. This study sought to investigate the rates and predictors of recommended immunizations and screening tests among IBD patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy in a large integrated healthcare organization. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1401 IBD patients on anti-TNF therapy between 2010 and 2013 within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California healthcare system. The rates of vaccinations and screening tests were quantified, and the associated predictors were investigated. Vaccination rates for influenza and pneumococcus were 43.5 and 24.1%, respectively. The majority of patients (73.7%) received hepatitis B screening and/or vaccine. Patients receiving infliximab had higher rates of pneumococcal vaccine (P = 0.002), hepatitis B screening (P < 0.001), and tuberculin...
The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG
Drug shortages in the United States continue to be a significant problem that negatively impacts ... more Drug shortages in the United States continue to be a significant problem that negatively impacts pediatric patients of all ages. These shortages have been associated with a higher rate of relapse among children with cancer, substitution of less effective agents, and greater risk for short- and long-term toxicity. Effective prevention and management of any drug shortage must include considerations for issues specific to pediatric patients; hence, the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group (PPAG) strongly supports the effective management of shortages by institutions caring for pediatric patients. Recommendations published by groups such as the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition should be incorporated into drug shortage management policies. PPAG also supports the efforts of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to not only address but prevent drug shortages caused by manufacturing and quality problems, delays in prod...
The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG, 2014
To establish standardized, rounded doses of medications for neonates in the neonatal intensive ca... more To establish standardized, rounded doses of medications for neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) through a multi-institutional peer-reviewed process. Pediatric faculty and pediatric pharmacy residents from the Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (Piscataway, NJ) conducted a systematic review of rounded, weight-based medication information for neonatal patients from September 2010 to April 2011. After initial review, an expanded workgroup of expert neonatal pharmacy clinicians from academic institutions throughout the United States were invited to conduct a final review. The workgroup identified 74 medications or indications in the NICU. Recommended standardized doses were established for discrete weight categories at workgroup consensus web meetings conducted from June to December 2011. Workgroup recommendations were cross-referenced with published neonatal pharmacology resources. Consensus was obtained when references provided insufficient information on medication infor...
Rejuvenation Research, 2005
Fecundity seems to stop declining and plateaus at low levels very late in Drosophila melanogaster... more Fecundity seems to stop declining and plateaus at low levels very late in Drosophila melanogaster populations. Here we test whether this apparent cessation of reproductive aging by a population, herein referred to as fecundity plateaus, is robust under various environmental influences: namely, male age and nutrition. The effect of male age on late age fecundity patterns was tested by supplying older females with young males before average population fecundity declined to plateau levels. The second possible environmental influence we tested was nutrition and whether late-life fecundity plateaus arise from a decline in the calories available for reproduction. This hypothesis was tested by comparing average daily female fecundity with both low-and high-lifetime nutrition. Both hypotheses were tested by measuring mid-and late-life fecundity for each cohort under the various environmental influences, and statistically testing whether fecundity stops declining and plateaus at late ages. These experiments demonstrate that mid-and late-life population fecundity patterns are significantly affected by the age of males and nutrition level. However, male age and nutrition level did not affect the existence of late-life fecundity plateaus, which demonstrates the robustness of our earlier findings. These results do not address any issue pertaining to the possible role, if any, of lifelong inter-individual heterogeneity in Drosophila fecundity.
Leveraging Data Science for Global Health, 2020
New technologies offer great opportunities to improve and expand the provision of health informat... more New technologies offer great opportunities to improve and expand the provision of health information and services worldwide. Digital health interventions (WHO 2018) include those designed for individuals, such as personalized health information delivered to their mobile phones; health care providers, such as decision support tools; and health systems, which include the digitization of health records. The other chapters outline the scope and potential for digital advances to impact global health outcomes. This chapter focuses on the responsibilities that accompany the adoption of these technologies. Specifically, we examine the ethical considerations to leveraging technology for global health, with a focus on resource-poor regions. Our paramount ethical consideration centers on putting the community and end user needs at the center of the approach. Using the concerned community as the starting point, all other ethical considerations follow, from safeguarding the rights of those impacted, which includes data privacy, security, and consent, to assessing unintended consequences. Keywords Ethics • Data privacy • Informed consent • Global health • Data science • Data protection • General data protection regulation Learning objectives By the end of this chapter, you will be able to: • Grasp the importance of ethics in global health data science work. • Understand the planned and potential impact any intervention can have on the individuals and communities interacting with the technology. • Consider issues of data protection and privacy, informed user consent, and unintended consequences in the context of a global health data science intervention.
Digestive diseases and sciences, Jan 23, 2017
As an important quality measure, the rates of recommended immunizations among immunocompromised i... more As an important quality measure, the rates of recommended immunizations among immunocompromised inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in community practice have not been well studied. This study sought to investigate the rates and predictors of recommended immunizations and screening tests among IBD patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy in a large integrated healthcare organization. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1401 IBD patients on anti-TNF therapy between 2010 and 2013 within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California healthcare system. The rates of vaccinations and screening tests were quantified, and the associated predictors were investigated. Vaccination rates for influenza and pneumococcus were 43.5 and 24.1%, respectively. The majority of patients (73.7%) received hepatitis B screening and/or vaccine. Patients receiving infliximab had higher rates of pneumococcal vaccine (P = 0.002), hepatitis B screening (P < 0.001), and tuberculin...
The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG
Drug shortages in the United States continue to be a significant problem that negatively impacts ... more Drug shortages in the United States continue to be a significant problem that negatively impacts pediatric patients of all ages. These shortages have been associated with a higher rate of relapse among children with cancer, substitution of less effective agents, and greater risk for short- and long-term toxicity. Effective prevention and management of any drug shortage must include considerations for issues specific to pediatric patients; hence, the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group (PPAG) strongly supports the effective management of shortages by institutions caring for pediatric patients. Recommendations published by groups such as the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition should be incorporated into drug shortage management policies. PPAG also supports the efforts of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to not only address but prevent drug shortages caused by manufacturing and quality problems, delays in prod...
The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG, 2014
To establish standardized, rounded doses of medications for neonates in the neonatal intensive ca... more To establish standardized, rounded doses of medications for neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) through a multi-institutional peer-reviewed process. Pediatric faculty and pediatric pharmacy residents from the Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (Piscataway, NJ) conducted a systematic review of rounded, weight-based medication information for neonatal patients from September 2010 to April 2011. After initial review, an expanded workgroup of expert neonatal pharmacy clinicians from academic institutions throughout the United States were invited to conduct a final review. The workgroup identified 74 medications or indications in the NICU. Recommended standardized doses were established for discrete weight categories at workgroup consensus web meetings conducted from June to December 2011. Workgroup recommendations were cross-referenced with published neonatal pharmacology resources. Consensus was obtained when references provided insufficient information on medication infor...
Rejuvenation Research, 2005
Fecundity seems to stop declining and plateaus at low levels very late in Drosophila melanogaster... more Fecundity seems to stop declining and plateaus at low levels very late in Drosophila melanogaster populations. Here we test whether this apparent cessation of reproductive aging by a population, herein referred to as fecundity plateaus, is robust under various environmental influences: namely, male age and nutrition. The effect of male age on late age fecundity patterns was tested by supplying older females with young males before average population fecundity declined to plateau levels. The second possible environmental influence we tested was nutrition and whether late-life fecundity plateaus arise from a decline in the calories available for reproduction. This hypothesis was tested by comparing average daily female fecundity with both low-and high-lifetime nutrition. Both hypotheses were tested by measuring mid-and late-life fecundity for each cohort under the various environmental influences, and statistically testing whether fecundity stops declining and plateaus at late ages. These experiments demonstrate that mid-and late-life population fecundity patterns are significantly affected by the age of males and nutrition level. However, male age and nutrition level did not affect the existence of late-life fecundity plateaus, which demonstrates the robustness of our earlier findings. These results do not address any issue pertaining to the possible role, if any, of lifelong inter-individual heterogeneity in Drosophila fecundity.