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Papers by Katrina Brandon

While ecotourism is often presented as a practical and effective means of attaining social and ec... more While ecotourism is often presented as a practical and effective means of attaining social and economic improvement, there are many cases where it has led to numerous problems. The chapter is concerned with ecotourism activities for which providing benefits to local communities ...

World Development, 1992

tag=1 data=Planning for people and parks : design dilemmas. by Katrina Eadie Brandon and Michael ... more tag=1 data=Planning for people and parks : design dilemmas. by Katrina Eadie Brandon and Michael Wells tag=2 data=Brandon, Katrina Eadie%Wells, Michael tag=3 data=World Development, tag=4 data=20 tag=5 data=4 tag=6 data=1992 tag=7 data=557-570. tag=8 data=PARKS tag=10 data=Integrate Conservation-Development Projects attempt to link biodiversity conservation in protected areas with social and economic development in surrounding communities. tag=11 data=1992/4/8 tag=12 data=92/0486 tag=13 data=CAB

Social Science Research Network, Aug 1, 1999

This paper addresses the broad question ofwhere to locate authority for tropical biodiversity con... more This paper addresses the broad question ofwhere to locate authority for tropical biodiversity conservation considering: (1) community-based natural research management (CBNRM) overreaches the indisputable place of local communities in tropical conservation efforts; (2) the most promise for tropical conservation and development is offered by multiple layers of nested institutions; (3) the greatest challenge for implementation of multiple layer designs is weakness at all levels of existing tropical institutions; and (4) rehabilitating such institutions, facilitating ongoing coordination among them, and introducing new and appropriate institutional designs will require significant international and national policy reorientation and greater commitment of financial and technical assistance.

Environmental History, 2001

Forest protected areas (PAs) could become a critically important element of • tropical forest cou... more Forest protected areas (PAs) could become a critically important element of • tropical forest countries' efforts to implement and benefit from REDD +. There are important similarities and overlaps between REDD • + projects and integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs) linked to PAs. Like ICDPs, REDD + pilot and demonstration projects have generated considerable excitement and donor support, and very high expectations among stakeholders. ICDPs have generally performed poorly; although the reasons for • this are well understood, avoidable mistakes continue to be made in their design and implementation. REDD + projects should learn from these experiences.

With almost 27% of land in Costa Rica protected to some extent the country is at the forefront of... more With almost 27% of land in Costa Rica protected to some extent the country is at the forefront of national conservation efforts. National parks and biological reserves constitute fully 12% of the country. Efforts began in 1969 to create parks and protected areas. Lands were expropriated and preserved accordingly over the next decade. State financial resources were scarce however and many landowners were forced to wait years before receiving full compensation for lands expropriated through these government initiatives. Economic conditions worsened in the first half of the 1980s impacting adversely upon protected areas. Populations in buffer zones encroached and protected areas were left to deteriorate. The conservation environment grew green however following the election of President Oscar Arias in 1986. His administration consolidated conservation efforts and made institutional reforms. President Arias met the multiple challenges of slowing the nationwide deforestation rate improving park management and providing survival alternatives to populations in buffer areas in the following manner; he consolidated conservation power under one ministry; developed a decentralized system to link and manage protected and buffer areas; created new financing mechanisms; and developed technical capacity to describe and catalog species and their potential uses in Costa Rica. If Costa Rica realizes its objectives as set forth in its National Conservation Strategy almost 95% of the flora and fauna in the country will be preserved. These represent 5% of all plant and animal species known to exist. Costa Ricas experience demonstrates how sustainable development requires creativity innovation and a capacity to implement new programs and policies. Other countries might call upon lessons learned in Costa Rica as they develop their respective institutional structures for conservation and link conservation and development across national regional and local levels.

Biodiversity Conservation in Costa Rica, 2019

The Biodiversity Support Programs (BSP) Analysis and Adaptive Management Program was initiated as... more The Biodiversity Support Programs (BSP) Analysis and Adaptive Management Program was initiated as a means of increasing the global effectiveness and efficiency of conservation efforts. This document examines the projects of the Biodiversity Conservation Network (BCN) a grant program within BSP that funded 20 alliances comprised of local national and international nongovernmental organizations. Cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 20 projects supported by BCN program focusing on the conservation outcome. Data collection also included analysis on the Conventional Wisdom framework and interview on key informant. The findings indicate that in the composition of the alliance variables such as the number of member organizations type and level of member organizations and characteristics of organizations have no significant impact on conservation success. However in the context of management of alliance variables such as strength and quality of leadership clarity of project goals and o...

Tradeoffs or synergies? Agricultural intensification, economic development and the environment

Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 2021

Economists and ecologists have worked for decades on measuring sustainability by supplementing or... more Economists and ecologists have worked for decades on measuring sustainability by supplementing or adjusting traditional economic indicators such as GDP. Given the threats to humanity from climate change, environmental degradation, and biodiversity loss, it is vital to incorporate values of natural capital into national economic decision-making. This review focuses on how natural capital applications, historically applied from local to global scales, address national-scale concerns. However, natural capital data and accounts have been only partially developed in most countries, given a lack of common metrics and monetary values. Existing accounts are often incomplete in both the types of natural capital and ecosystems they include (e.g., water, land, different ecosystem types) and the values they measure (e.g., market vs. nonmarket values). While it is important to continue work to embed natural capital into national economic accounts, the need for practical tools to analyze environmental problems is more urgent. We review alternative options for incorporating natural capital into national-scale decision-making and make recommendations for countries where the data, capacity, and political will to conduct formal natural capital accounting are lacking.

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Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, volume 15 issue 1 cover
Review of Environmental Economics and Policy
Volume 15, Number 1Winter 2021
Published for the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists and the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists
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https://doi.org/10.1086/713075
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History

Published online March 23, 2021

© 2021 Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. All rights reserved. Published by The University of Chicago Press for AERE.
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SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014

Tropical forests exert a more profound influence on weather patterns, freshwater, natural disaste... more Tropical forests exert a more profound influence on weather patterns, freshwater, natural disasters, biodiversity, food, and human health-both in the countries where forests are found and in distant countries-than any other terrestrial biome. This report explains the variety of environmental services tropical forests provide and the science underlying how forests provide these services. Tropical deforestation and degradation have reduced the area covered by tropical forests from 12 percent to less than 5 percent of Earth's land area. Forest loss and degradation has reduced or halted the flows of a wide range of ecosystem goods and services, increasing the vulnerability of potentially billions of people to a variety of damaging impacts. Established and emerging science findings suggest that we have substantially underestimated the global importance of tropical forests and the impacts of their loss on human well-being.

Science, 2007

... RUSSELL A. MITTERMEIER, CLAUDE GASCON, LEON RAJAOBELINA, JATNA SUPRIATNA, JOSE MARIA CARDOSO ... more ... RUSSELL A. MITTERMEIER, CLAUDE GASCON, LEON RAJAOBELINA, JATNA SUPRIATNA, JOSE MARIA CARDOSO DA SILVA, CARLOS MANUEL ... study per-formed at the Harvard Microchemistry Facility (HMF) by microcapillary reverse-phase HPLC nano-electrospray tan ...

Close Document Image Close Document Printer Image Print This Document! Conservation Information N... more Close Document Image Close Document Printer Image Print This Document! Conservation Information Network (BCIN). Author: Brandon, Katrina Title of Source: Ecotourism and conservation : a review of key issues Title of Series: Environment Department papers, no. ...

Review of Environmental Economics and Policy

Although Brazil’s first parks were established from 1937, the past two decades have witnessed an ... more Although Brazil’s first parks were established from 1937, the past two decades have witnessed an explosion of protected areas at the Federal and State levels. Until 1989, Federal parks and reserves were created by the Brazilian Forest Development Institute (IBDF) and the Special Environmental Secretariat (SEMA), as from 1981. In 1989, SEMA and IBDF were united to form the Brazilian Institute

… areas and the defense of tropical biodiversity, 1997

Much attention has been given to the issues of sustainable use, sustainable development, and biod... more Much attention has been given to the issues of sustainable use, sustainable development, and biodiversity conservation, as well as to the relationships among them. Some observers express a sense of optimism that implementing sustainable activities worldwide will lead to the conservation of biodiversity. In the popular media, there are examples almost daily of conservation success stories. But publicity for conservation and attention on biodiversity are being mistaken for solutions. What is perhaps more sobering than equating publicity with actions, or actions with solutions, is that the entire rubric of sustainability, in the rural context, has a set of questionable assumptions that underlies the portfolio of activities being implemented to conserve biodiversity. These assumptions have had a major impact in shaping the range of activities that have been developed to address the conservation of biodiversity— from policies (such as the Biodiversity Convention adopted at the 1992 Earth Summit) to projects implemented by conservation and development organizations worldwide (such as the Global Environmental Facility). The questionable assumptions fit into the following seven broad categories: • Method. Biodiversity conservation can best be accomplished through field-based activities, such as establishing parks and reserves. • Use. Sustainable use is possible under a variety of management regimes ranging from private to communal. Dependence on wildlands resources is most likely to ensure their long-term conservation. • Incentives. Appropriate sets of incentives can be readily defined and will influence people to conserve biodiversity. • Management. Management should be devolved to local control whenever possible. • Technology. Technical and organizational solutions exist to improve resource management and production activities in areas with great biodiversity. • Poverty Mitigation and Development. Rural poverty-mitigation and development strategies will lead to conservation and maintain biodiversity. • Social. Local people are cooperative and live in harmony with one another and with nature. These assumptions, and their implications, are increasingly being questioned as concern mounts that their implementation may lead to serious loss of biodiversity (see Ludwig et al., 1993; Robinson, 1993).

Getting Biodiversity Projects to Work, 2004