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In this thesis I discuss the segmental development of a child (code-named Ani) learning Northern ... more In this thesis I discuss the segmental development of a child (code-named Ani) learning Northern East Cree throughout ten sessions documenting the acquisition of her speech (ranging in age from 2;01.14 to 3;08.24). Although Ani was not a native speaker of English, she was exposed to some English through media sources (i.e. television and radio) and attempted to produce both Cree and English words in her spoken utterances. I describe Ani's word productions in both languages in order to obtain a clear picture of her phonological development as a whole. Building on previous research (e.g. Pearson et a!. 1997; Kuhl, Tsao & Liu 2003; Kuhl 2007; Hoff et al. 2012), I hypothesize that Ani does not actually learn the phonology of English, but rather produces both Cree and English words using a single phonotactic system, that of her native language. Ani's productions of English words are thus filtered through her Cree inventory of phones and syllable structure, causing consonants or s...
Placenta, 2010
The fetal membrane (FM) layers, amnion and choriodecidua, are frequently noted to have varying de... more The fetal membrane (FM) layers, amnion and choriodecidua, are frequently noted to have varying degrees of separation following delivery. FM layers normally separate prior to rupture during in vitro biomechanical testing. We hypothesized that the adherence between amnion and choriodecidua decreases prior to delivery resulting in separation of the FM layers and facilitating FM rupture. METHODS-FM from 232 consecutively delivered patients were examined to determine the extent of spontaneous separation of the FM layers at delivery. Percent separation was determined by the weight of separated FM tissue divided by the total FM weight. Separately, the adherence between intact FM layers was determined. FM adherence was tested following term vaginal delivery (13), term unlabored cesarean section (10), and preterm delivery (6). RESULTS-Subjects enrolled in the two studies had similar demographic and clinical characteristics. FM separation was present in 92.1% of membranes. Only 4.3% of FM delivered following spontaneous rupture of the fetal membranes (SROM) had no detectable separation. 64.7% of FM had greater than 10% separation. FM from term vaginal deliveries had significantly more separation and were less adherent than FM of term unlabored, elective cesarean section (39.0 ± 34.4% vs 22.5 ± 30.9%, p=.046 and 0.041 ± 0.018 N/cm vs 0.048 ± 0.019 N/cm, p< .005). Preterm FM had less separation and were more adherent than term FM (9.95 ± 17.7% vs 37.5 ± 34.4% and 0.070 ± 0.040 N/cm vs 0.044 ± 0.020 N/cm; both p< .001). CONCLUSIONS-Separation of the amnion from choriodecidua at delivery is almost universal. Increased separation is associated with decreased adherence as measured in vitro. Increased
Food Control, 2017
Salmonella is one of the most common pathogens associated with foodborne illness in chickens. Foo... more Salmonella is one of the most common pathogens associated with foodborne illness in chickens. Food outbreaks from this pathogen haven't declined in the past 15 years according to the data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It is our goal to improve food safety monitoring in this area by developing a real time Salmonella detection sensor on food surfaces. Previously, we demonstrated the use of phage C4-22 immobilized onto a rapid magnetoelastic (ME) biosensor for use as a front-line detection ligand to detect all Salmonella enterica serotypes in Tris Buffer Saline (TBS). In this study, by using fluorescent imaging, the phage peptide binding to Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium cells is again confirmed. Moreover, we constructed two detection models to evaluate the detection of Salmonella on/in chicken meat using the phage coated ME sensors. In the chicken surface detection method, phage C4-22 sensors demonstrated more than 12 times higher Salmonella binding capacity than the control sensors with no phage for the Salmonella spiked at the concentration of 7.86 Â 10 5 cfu/mm 2. In the second model, phage sensors were placed at different depths inside the chicken breast (0.1 cm; 0.5 cm; 1.0 cm below the meat surface) after surface inoculation of Salmonella. The second detection system showed that 23.27%e33% of the inoculated Salmonella cells absorbed inside the chicken breast fillets below 0.1 cm of the surface. The data for direct detection on chicken showed that phage C4-22 ME biosensors bind ultimately when there are high concentrations of Salmonella on the chicken surface. The results also suggest that the phage sensors can detect Salmonella effectively when the bacterial contaminants are absorbed into the chicken, and are not detectable by the surface detection method.
In this thesis I discuss the segmental development of a child (code-named Ani) learning Northern ... more In this thesis I discuss the segmental development of a child (code-named Ani) learning Northern East Cree throughout ten sessions documenting the acquisition of her speech (ranging in age from 2;01.14 to 3;08.24). Although Ani was not a native speaker of English, she was exposed to some English through media sources (i.e. television and radio) and attempted to produce both Cree and English words in her spoken utterances. I describe Ani's word productions in both languages in order to obtain a clear picture of her phonological development as a whole. Building on previous research (e.g. Pearson et a!. 1997; Kuhl, Tsao & Liu 2003; Kuhl 2007; Hoff et al. 2012), I hypothesize that Ani does not actually learn the phonology of English, but rather produces both Cree and English words using a single phonotactic system, that of her native language. Ani's productions of English words are thus filtered through her Cree inventory of phones and syllable structure, causing consonants or s...
Placenta, 2010
The fetal membrane (FM) layers, amnion and choriodecidua, are frequently noted to have varying de... more The fetal membrane (FM) layers, amnion and choriodecidua, are frequently noted to have varying degrees of separation following delivery. FM layers normally separate prior to rupture during in vitro biomechanical testing. We hypothesized that the adherence between amnion and choriodecidua decreases prior to delivery resulting in separation of the FM layers and facilitating FM rupture. METHODS-FM from 232 consecutively delivered patients were examined to determine the extent of spontaneous separation of the FM layers at delivery. Percent separation was determined by the weight of separated FM tissue divided by the total FM weight. Separately, the adherence between intact FM layers was determined. FM adherence was tested following term vaginal delivery (13), term unlabored cesarean section (10), and preterm delivery (6). RESULTS-Subjects enrolled in the two studies had similar demographic and clinical characteristics. FM separation was present in 92.1% of membranes. Only 4.3% of FM delivered following spontaneous rupture of the fetal membranes (SROM) had no detectable separation. 64.7% of FM had greater than 10% separation. FM from term vaginal deliveries had significantly more separation and were less adherent than FM of term unlabored, elective cesarean section (39.0 ± 34.4% vs 22.5 ± 30.9%, p=.046 and 0.041 ± 0.018 N/cm vs 0.048 ± 0.019 N/cm, p< .005). Preterm FM had less separation and were more adherent than term FM (9.95 ± 17.7% vs 37.5 ± 34.4% and 0.070 ± 0.040 N/cm vs 0.044 ± 0.020 N/cm; both p< .001). CONCLUSIONS-Separation of the amnion from choriodecidua at delivery is almost universal. Increased separation is associated with decreased adherence as measured in vitro. Increased
Food Control, 2017
Salmonella is one of the most common pathogens associated with foodborne illness in chickens. Foo... more Salmonella is one of the most common pathogens associated with foodborne illness in chickens. Food outbreaks from this pathogen haven't declined in the past 15 years according to the data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It is our goal to improve food safety monitoring in this area by developing a real time Salmonella detection sensor on food surfaces. Previously, we demonstrated the use of phage C4-22 immobilized onto a rapid magnetoelastic (ME) biosensor for use as a front-line detection ligand to detect all Salmonella enterica serotypes in Tris Buffer Saline (TBS). In this study, by using fluorescent imaging, the phage peptide binding to Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium cells is again confirmed. Moreover, we constructed two detection models to evaluate the detection of Salmonella on/in chicken meat using the phage coated ME sensors. In the chicken surface detection method, phage C4-22 sensors demonstrated more than 12 times higher Salmonella binding capacity than the control sensors with no phage for the Salmonella spiked at the concentration of 7.86 Â 10 5 cfu/mm 2. In the second model, phage sensors were placed at different depths inside the chicken breast (0.1 cm; 0.5 cm; 1.0 cm below the meat surface) after surface inoculation of Salmonella. The second detection system showed that 23.27%e33% of the inoculated Salmonella cells absorbed inside the chicken breast fillets below 0.1 cm of the surface. The data for direct detection on chicken showed that phage C4-22 ME biosensors bind ultimately when there are high concentrations of Salmonella on the chicken surface. The results also suggest that the phage sensors can detect Salmonella effectively when the bacterial contaminants are absorbed into the chicken, and are not detectable by the surface detection method.