Keelen Tymkiw - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Keelen Tymkiw

Research paper thumbnail of A multiplex immunoassay demonstrates reductions in gingival crevicular fluid cytokines following initial periodontal therapy

Journal of Periodontal Research, 2010

Background and Objective-Cytokines and chemokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of p... more Background and Objective-Cytokines and chemokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the effect of initial periodontal therapy on gingival crevicular fluid levels of a comprehensive panel of cytokines and chemokines, including several less extensively studied mediators. Material and Methods-Clinical examinations were performed and gingival crevicular fluid samples obtained from six subjects with generalized severe chronic periodontitis prior to initial periodontal therapy and at re-evaluation (6-8 weeks). Four diseased and two healthy sites were sampled in each subject. Twenty-two gingival crevicular fluid mediators were examined using a multiplex antibody capture and detection platform. Statistical analyses were performed by fitting mixed effects linear models to log-transformed gingival crevicular fluid values. Results-Gingival crevicular fluid interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β were the only cytokines to differ in initially diseased vs. initially healthy sites. Following initial therapy, 13 of the 16 detectable cytokines and chemokines decreased significantly in diseased sites, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12 (p40), CCL5/regulated on activation, normally T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), eotaxin, macrophage chemotactic protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and interferon-γ. At healthy sites, only three of the 16 mediators were significantly altered following therapy. Conclusion-This is the first study, to our knowledge, to evaluate such an extensive panel of gingival crevicular fluid mediators within the same sample prior to and following initial therapy. The results confirm that periodontal therapy effectively reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including less well-described mediators that may be important in initiation and

Research paper thumbnail of The influence of smoking on cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid in patients with periodontal disease Part of the Oral Biology and Oral Pathology Commons Recommended Citation THE INFLUENCE OF SMOKING ON CYTOKINES IN THE GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID IN PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASE

Research paper thumbnail of The influence of smoking on cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid in patients with periodontal disease

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid cytokines in severe chronic periodontitis

Aim-The aim of this study was to compare the expression of 22 chemokines and cytokines in gingiva... more Aim-The aim of this study was to compare the expression of 22 chemokines and cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from smokers and non-smokers with periodontitis and periodontally healthy control subjects. Materials and Methods-Forty subjects with generalized severe chronic periodontitis (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers) and 12 periodontally healthy control subjects participated in this study. Four diseased and 2 healthy sites were selected from each of the periodontitis subjects. GCF samples were collected and cytokines analyzed utilizing a multiplexed immunoassay (Luminex®). Statistical analyses employed non-parametric tests including the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests. Results-Compared to healthy control subjects, GCF in subjects with chronic periodontitis contained significantly higher amounts of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 (p40) (pro-inflammatory cytokines); IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, RANTES (chemokines); IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-3, IL-4 (Th1/Th2 cytokines); IL-15 (regulator of T-cells and NK cells). Smokers displayed decreased amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12 (p40)), chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1, RANTES) and regulators of T-cells and NK cells . Conclusions-Periodontitis subjects had significantly elevated cytokine and chemokine profiles. Smokers exhibited a decrease in several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and certain regulators of T-cells and NK-cells. This reflects the immunosuppressant effects of smoking which may contribute to an enhanced susceptibility to periodontitis.

Research paper thumbnail of A multiplex immunoassay demonstrates reductions in gingival crevicular fluid cytokines following initial periodontal therapy

Journal of Periodontal Research, 2010

Background and Objective-Cytokines and chemokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of p... more Background and Objective-Cytokines and chemokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the effect of initial periodontal therapy on gingival crevicular fluid levels of a comprehensive panel of cytokines and chemokines, including several less extensively studied mediators. Material and Methods-Clinical examinations were performed and gingival crevicular fluid samples obtained from six subjects with generalized severe chronic periodontitis prior to initial periodontal therapy and at re-evaluation (6-8 weeks). Four diseased and two healthy sites were sampled in each subject. Twenty-two gingival crevicular fluid mediators were examined using a multiplex antibody capture and detection platform. Statistical analyses were performed by fitting mixed effects linear models to log-transformed gingival crevicular fluid values. Results-Gingival crevicular fluid interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β were the only cytokines to differ in initially diseased vs. initially healthy sites. Following initial therapy, 13 of the 16 detectable cytokines and chemokines decreased significantly in diseased sites, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12 (p40), CCL5/regulated on activation, normally T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), eotaxin, macrophage chemotactic protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and interferon-γ. At healthy sites, only three of the 16 mediators were significantly altered following therapy. Conclusion-This is the first study, to our knowledge, to evaluate such an extensive panel of gingival crevicular fluid mediators within the same sample prior to and following initial therapy. The results confirm that periodontal therapy effectively reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including less well-described mediators that may be important in initiation and

Research paper thumbnail of The influence of smoking on cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid in patients with periodontal disease Part of the Oral Biology and Oral Pathology Commons Recommended Citation THE INFLUENCE OF SMOKING ON CYTOKINES IN THE GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID IN PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASE

Research paper thumbnail of The influence of smoking on cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid in patients with periodontal disease

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid cytokines in severe chronic periodontitis

Aim-The aim of this study was to compare the expression of 22 chemokines and cytokines in gingiva... more Aim-The aim of this study was to compare the expression of 22 chemokines and cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from smokers and non-smokers with periodontitis and periodontally healthy control subjects. Materials and Methods-Forty subjects with generalized severe chronic periodontitis (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers) and 12 periodontally healthy control subjects participated in this study. Four diseased and 2 healthy sites were selected from each of the periodontitis subjects. GCF samples were collected and cytokines analyzed utilizing a multiplexed immunoassay (Luminex®). Statistical analyses employed non-parametric tests including the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests. Results-Compared to healthy control subjects, GCF in subjects with chronic periodontitis contained significantly higher amounts of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 (p40) (pro-inflammatory cytokines); IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, RANTES (chemokines); IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-3, IL-4 (Th1/Th2 cytokines); IL-15 (regulator of T-cells and NK cells). Smokers displayed decreased amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12 (p40)), chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1, RANTES) and regulators of T-cells and NK cells . Conclusions-Periodontitis subjects had significantly elevated cytokine and chemokine profiles. Smokers exhibited a decrease in several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and certain regulators of T-cells and NK-cells. This reflects the immunosuppressant effects of smoking which may contribute to an enhanced susceptibility to periodontitis.