Keiji Yano - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Keiji Yano

Abstracts of the ICA, 2019

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2012

This paper presents a brief history of geography in the United Kingdom, how it was institutionali... more This paper presents a brief history of geography in the United Kingdom, how it was institutionalized, referring to external impacts on research and teaching. Although geography has a long history in the United Kingdom as an intellectual activity, extending back to the Age of Exploration in the late 16th century, it has only been institutionalized as an academic discipline in universities since the end of the 19th century. Geography was esta blished as a discipline offering an integrated study of complex reciprocal relationships among human societies and physical components of the Earth. By the early 1960s, quantitative and theoretical revolutions were having considerable impacts not only in the United States but also in the United Kingdom. Since then, geography has become a popular subject in elementary and secondary education, as well as higher education, in the UK. Although spatial science expanded rapidly in the 1960s, and continued to do so in the early 1970s, it never became part of the mainstream of human geography. Some fundamental critiques of the positivist approach led to the emergence of humanistic geography and radical geography. The following decades were turbulent for human geography-exciting but confusing-in part because human geographers were busy exploring new ideas. Then, the GIS revolution occurred in the late 1980s in the USA and the UK, which greatly affected geography. Around the same time, as new aspects of social and cultural geography came to be sufficiently established, differences between spatial science and new social and cultural geography became apparent. By the end of the 20th century, geography was firmly established in UK universities. Geography is taught to a large number of students and attracts many applicants to universities. However, changes in funding regimes and school curricula have influenced education and research. One major change in UK geography in the 1990s can be found in its research orientation. Previo usly, geography was an integrated area of study, based on physical and human geography, and its focus was on how much a university department could cover in terms of disciplines. However, after a new funding regime, called Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) , was introduced, all geography departments came to be graded according to the quality of their research. External assessments of both research through the RAE and teaching through QAA have greatly affected how geography is practiced. Although UK geography remains an apparently successful and vibrant intellectual discipline, it might have suffered from fragmentation. Like all disciplines, geography has become fragmented and diversified in recent decades, because of its greater breadth and depth of knowledge. Based not only on substantive but also on epistemological and methodological differences, it is usually divided into physical and human geography.

This study aims to consider the possibility of the research method for geographic information rel... more This study aims to consider the possibility of the research method for geographic information related to historical landscapes. The information here is collected by Kyoto citizens who participated in a survey. The purpose of the survey is to examine a distribution of approximately 50,000 machiya, traditional wooden townhouses regarded as one of Kyoto's representative historical buildings. This study focuses on Nishijin Area in Kyoto. Since the area once thrived on its textile industry, there still remain more than 10,000 machiya. In this case study, we analyze the geographic information concerning the streetscape of about 280 spots, the information collected by "Kyo-Machiya Community-building Survey" participants. Visualization of the "excellent" streetscape spots selected by them tells us that the spots correspond with areas with a lot of machiya and narrow roads. Combining such data collected through public participation with other geographic information in...

International Journal of Population Geography, 2003

Abstract Several recent papers have compared the measurement of migration in different countries,... more Abstract Several recent papers have compared the measurement of migration in different countries, and some have compared migration patterns to the extent that these can be compared cross-nationally. In this paper we measure and comment on differences in the ...

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to create a 'new' social atlas o... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to create a 'new' social atlas of Kyoto based on the 1995 census, using population cartograms. A population cartogram is a map on which areas are drawn in proportion to the number of people in each place. It is an illustration of spatial distribution across groups of people. In this paper, a new social atlas of Kyoto is prepared using the Circular Cartogram Algorithm by Dorling (1991). This atlas is based on different spatial levels; 1-km grids, school districts, and town blocks. The social atlas of each spatial level shows how many people live in each part of Kyoto and in what social conditions. The factor analyses applied to 37 socio-economic variables for each spatial level, yields nine, eight and ten factors with eigenvalues more than 1.0. Four to five main factors showing the basic dimensions of the residential structure of Kyoto are examined. Finally, some population cartograms are created showing spatial structure of society at the different spatial levels , in order to discuss their advantages for mapping society.

ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 Posters on - SIGGRAPH '10, 2010

ABSTRACT Recently, extensive research has been undertaken on digital archiving of cultural proper... more ABSTRACT Recently, extensive research has been undertaken on digital archiving of cultural properties in the field of cultural heritage. These investigations have examined the processes of recording and preserving both tangible and intangible materials through the use of digital technologies.

Transactions in GIS, 2010

ABSTRACT Abstract For an effective interpretation of spatio-temporal patterns of crime clusters/h... more ABSTRACT Abstract For an effective interpretation of spatio-temporal patterns of crime clusters/hotspots, we explore the possibility of three-dimensional mapping of crime events in a space-time cube with the aid of space-time variants of kernel density estimation and scan statistics. Using the crime occurrence dataset of snatch-and-run offences in Kyoto City from 2003 to 2004, we confirm that the proposed methodology enables simultaneous visualisation of the geographical extent and duration of crime clusters, by which stable and transient space-time crime clusters can be intuitively differentiated. Also, the combined use of the two statistical techniques revealed temporal inter-cluster associations showing that transient clusters alternatively appeared in a pair of hotspot regions, suggesting a new type of “displacement” phenomenon of crime. Highlighting the complementary aspects of the two space-time statistical approaches, we conclude that combining these approaches in a space-time cube display is particularly valuable for a spatio-temporal exploratory data analysis of clusters to extract new knowledge of crime epidemiology from a data set of space-time crime events.

Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 2010

This paper reports on a cross-cultural outreach activity of the current UK 'Spatial Literacy in T... more This paper reports on a cross-cultural outreach activity of the current UK 'Spatial Literacy in Teaching' (SPLINT) Centre of Excellence in Teaching and Learning (CETL), a past UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) grant, and shared interests in family names between Japanese and UK academics. It describes a pedagogic programme developed for Japanese postgraduates and advanced undergraduates that entailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of the spatial distributions of Japanese family names. The authors describe some specific semantic, procedural and theoretical issues and, more generally, suggest how names analysis provides a common framework for engaging student interest in GIS.

Journal of Geographical Systems, 2007

International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing, 2009

This paper explores a method for creating large-scale urban 3D models using Historical GIS data. ... more This paper explores a method for creating large-scale urban 3D models using Historical GIS data. The method is capable of automatically generating realistic VR models based on GIS data at a low cost. 3D models of houses are created from polygon data, fences from line data, and pedestrians and trees from point data. The method is applied to the Virtual Kyoto Project in which the landscape of the whole city of Kyoto of the early Edo era (ca 17C) is reconstructed.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of the GIS revolution within the field of... more The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of the GIS revolution within the field of geography in the 1980s and 1990s, taking into consideration the influence of external and internal factors on disciplinary change. Geography is rapidly changing by the impact of external factors on geographical research and also as a consequence of economic recession and cutbacks

Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 2001

A simulation experiment is proposed and undertaken to extend our understanding of the role of the... more A simulation experiment is proposed and undertaken to extend our understanding of the role of the competing destinations spatial interaction model in capturing the effects of hierarchical destination choice. In doing so, we make explicit the linkage between spatial choice behaviour at different levels of a spatial hierarchy. We also make explicit the way in which decisions made at one level of the hierarchy can lead to biased measurements of behaviour at a lower one. This is shown when conventional spatial interaction models are calibrated with interaction data that result from hierarchical destination choice.

Abstracts of the ICA, 2019

Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi), 2012

This paper presents a brief history of geography in the United Kingdom, how it was institutionali... more This paper presents a brief history of geography in the United Kingdom, how it was institutionalized, referring to external impacts on research and teaching. Although geography has a long history in the United Kingdom as an intellectual activity, extending back to the Age of Exploration in the late 16th century, it has only been institutionalized as an academic discipline in universities since the end of the 19th century. Geography was esta blished as a discipline offering an integrated study of complex reciprocal relationships among human societies and physical components of the Earth. By the early 1960s, quantitative and theoretical revolutions were having considerable impacts not only in the United States but also in the United Kingdom. Since then, geography has become a popular subject in elementary and secondary education, as well as higher education, in the UK. Although spatial science expanded rapidly in the 1960s, and continued to do so in the early 1970s, it never became part of the mainstream of human geography. Some fundamental critiques of the positivist approach led to the emergence of humanistic geography and radical geography. The following decades were turbulent for human geography-exciting but confusing-in part because human geographers were busy exploring new ideas. Then, the GIS revolution occurred in the late 1980s in the USA and the UK, which greatly affected geography. Around the same time, as new aspects of social and cultural geography came to be sufficiently established, differences between spatial science and new social and cultural geography became apparent. By the end of the 20th century, geography was firmly established in UK universities. Geography is taught to a large number of students and attracts many applicants to universities. However, changes in funding regimes and school curricula have influenced education and research. One major change in UK geography in the 1990s can be found in its research orientation. Previo usly, geography was an integrated area of study, based on physical and human geography, and its focus was on how much a university department could cover in terms of disciplines. However, after a new funding regime, called Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) , was introduced, all geography departments came to be graded according to the quality of their research. External assessments of both research through the RAE and teaching through QAA have greatly affected how geography is practiced. Although UK geography remains an apparently successful and vibrant intellectual discipline, it might have suffered from fragmentation. Like all disciplines, geography has become fragmented and diversified in recent decades, because of its greater breadth and depth of knowledge. Based not only on substantive but also on epistemological and methodological differences, it is usually divided into physical and human geography.

This study aims to consider the possibility of the research method for geographic information rel... more This study aims to consider the possibility of the research method for geographic information related to historical landscapes. The information here is collected by Kyoto citizens who participated in a survey. The purpose of the survey is to examine a distribution of approximately 50,000 machiya, traditional wooden townhouses regarded as one of Kyoto's representative historical buildings. This study focuses on Nishijin Area in Kyoto. Since the area once thrived on its textile industry, there still remain more than 10,000 machiya. In this case study, we analyze the geographic information concerning the streetscape of about 280 spots, the information collected by "Kyo-Machiya Community-building Survey" participants. Visualization of the "excellent" streetscape spots selected by them tells us that the spots correspond with areas with a lot of machiya and narrow roads. Combining such data collected through public participation with other geographic information in...

International Journal of Population Geography, 2003

Abstract Several recent papers have compared the measurement of migration in different countries,... more Abstract Several recent papers have compared the measurement of migration in different countries, and some have compared migration patterns to the extent that these can be compared cross-nationally. In this paper we measure and comment on differences in the ...

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to create a 'new' social atlas o... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to create a 'new' social atlas of Kyoto based on the 1995 census, using population cartograms. A population cartogram is a map on which areas are drawn in proportion to the number of people in each place. It is an illustration of spatial distribution across groups of people. In this paper, a new social atlas of Kyoto is prepared using the Circular Cartogram Algorithm by Dorling (1991). This atlas is based on different spatial levels; 1-km grids, school districts, and town blocks. The social atlas of each spatial level shows how many people live in each part of Kyoto and in what social conditions. The factor analyses applied to 37 socio-economic variables for each spatial level, yields nine, eight and ten factors with eigenvalues more than 1.0. Four to five main factors showing the basic dimensions of the residential structure of Kyoto are examined. Finally, some population cartograms are created showing spatial structure of society at the different spatial levels , in order to discuss their advantages for mapping society.

ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 Posters on - SIGGRAPH '10, 2010

ABSTRACT Recently, extensive research has been undertaken on digital archiving of cultural proper... more ABSTRACT Recently, extensive research has been undertaken on digital archiving of cultural properties in the field of cultural heritage. These investigations have examined the processes of recording and preserving both tangible and intangible materials through the use of digital technologies.

Transactions in GIS, 2010

ABSTRACT Abstract For an effective interpretation of spatio-temporal patterns of crime clusters/h... more ABSTRACT Abstract For an effective interpretation of spatio-temporal patterns of crime clusters/hotspots, we explore the possibility of three-dimensional mapping of crime events in a space-time cube with the aid of space-time variants of kernel density estimation and scan statistics. Using the crime occurrence dataset of snatch-and-run offences in Kyoto City from 2003 to 2004, we confirm that the proposed methodology enables simultaneous visualisation of the geographical extent and duration of crime clusters, by which stable and transient space-time crime clusters can be intuitively differentiated. Also, the combined use of the two statistical techniques revealed temporal inter-cluster associations showing that transient clusters alternatively appeared in a pair of hotspot regions, suggesting a new type of “displacement” phenomenon of crime. Highlighting the complementary aspects of the two space-time statistical approaches, we conclude that combining these approaches in a space-time cube display is particularly valuable for a spatio-temporal exploratory data analysis of clusters to extract new knowledge of crime epidemiology from a data set of space-time crime events.

Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 2010

This paper reports on a cross-cultural outreach activity of the current UK 'Spatial Literacy in T... more This paper reports on a cross-cultural outreach activity of the current UK 'Spatial Literacy in Teaching' (SPLINT) Centre of Excellence in Teaching and Learning (CETL), a past UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) grant, and shared interests in family names between Japanese and UK academics. It describes a pedagogic programme developed for Japanese postgraduates and advanced undergraduates that entailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of the spatial distributions of Japanese family names. The authors describe some specific semantic, procedural and theoretical issues and, more generally, suggest how names analysis provides a common framework for engaging student interest in GIS.

Journal of Geographical Systems, 2007

International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing, 2009

This paper explores a method for creating large-scale urban 3D models using Historical GIS data. ... more This paper explores a method for creating large-scale urban 3D models using Historical GIS data. The method is capable of automatically generating realistic VR models based on GIS data at a low cost. 3D models of houses are created from polygon data, fences from line data, and pedestrians and trees from point data. The method is applied to the Virtual Kyoto Project in which the landscape of the whole city of Kyoto of the early Edo era (ca 17C) is reconstructed.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of the GIS revolution within the field of... more The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of the GIS revolution within the field of geography in the 1980s and 1990s, taking into consideration the influence of external and internal factors on disciplinary change. Geography is rapidly changing by the impact of external factors on geographical research and also as a consequence of economic recession and cutbacks

Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 2001

A simulation experiment is proposed and undertaken to extend our understanding of the role of the... more A simulation experiment is proposed and undertaken to extend our understanding of the role of the competing destinations spatial interaction model in capturing the effects of hierarchical destination choice. In doing so, we make explicit the linkage between spatial choice behaviour at different levels of a spatial hierarchy. We also make explicit the way in which decisions made at one level of the hierarchy can lead to biased measurements of behaviour at a lower one. This is shown when conventional spatial interaction models are calibrated with interaction data that result from hierarchical destination choice.