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Journal Articles & Book Chapters by Keith Jacobi

Moundville has an impressive mortuary data set with a long history of related investigations. Pre... more Moundville has an impressive mortuary data set with a long history of related investigations. Previous mortuary studies, however, have not focused on individual burial clusters as socially and spatially relevant units of analysis.

Papers by Keith Jacobi

Jacobi's groundbreaking osteology study uncovers the history of the Tipu Maya of Belize and t... more Jacobi's groundbreaking osteology study uncovers the history of the Tipu Maya of Belize and their subsequent contact with the Spanish conquistadores and missionaries.Two cultures collided at Tipu, Belize, in the 1600s: that of the native Maya and that of the Spanish missionaries, who arrived with an agenda of religious subjugation and, ultimately, political control. Combining historical documentation with the results of an archaeological exploration of a Tipu cemetery, Keith Jacobi provides an account of the meshing of these two cultures and the assimilation of Catholic practices by the Tipu.In particular, Jacobi focuses on the dental remains recovered at this site. A tooth may be the last tangible evidence of a living creature, so teeth can reveal information about an individual's health, diet, cosmetic alteration, trauma, and genetic structure. From the genetic structure the researcher can learn information about an individual's relationship to others in a particular p...

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2004

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 1999

Theoretical Approaches to Analysis and Interpretation of Commingled Human Remains, 2015

Recent reanalysis of the curated Lewis Jones Cave Ossuary (1Sc42) assemblage of commingled human ... more Recent reanalysis of the curated Lewis Jones Cave Ossuary (1Sc42) assemblage of commingled human remains provides insight into the burial behavior and lived experiences of prehistoric peoples living in northern and central Alabama during the Middle Woodland period (A.D. 1–500). Salvage excavated from a natural cave site in St. Clair County, Alabama, the assemblage of human remains exemplifies Copena mortuary practices through the inclusion of copper and galena burial goods. Reanalysis of the assemblage involved the recording of age, sex, bone abnormalities, pathological indicators, and taphonomic features of nearly 1300 skeletal elements. Observation of the characteristics of each bone element, specifically the biological features, indicated a diverse population interred within the cave ossuary including individuals of both sexes, all ages, and with varying pathological conditions. Conducting a reanalysis of curated assemblages of commingled human remains, such as the Lewis Jones Cave Ossuary assemblage, provides another way of learning about the lived experiences of prehistoric communities.

Handbook of Death & Dying, 2003

Encyclopedia of Death and the Human Experience, 2009

The act of scalping has long been associated with Native American conflict-related human body par... more The act of scalping has long been associated with Native American conflict-related human body part trophy taking. Reasons for their removal were varied and often included communal and personal factors. Previous research has identified several different types of scalp removals based on the amount of soft tissue affected during the process of scalping. One of these types can involve the removal of the ears. Through reanalysis of known scalping victims within the middle Tennessee Valley of North Alabama, we have identified five cases where victims were both scalped and had their ears removed. These cases provide a unique understanding of the practice of human body part trophy taking. They support ethnographic accounts that indicate ear removal has great time depth and was geographically widespread. Although the five cases presented here are similar to total compound scalpings, they actually represent total simple scalpings. Unlike total compound scalpings, where the ears are removed attached to the skin of the scalp, these cases show evidence of secondary removal of the ears after the scalp was already detached. This secondary removal of the ears after the act of scalping supports the interpretation that the aggressors intended different purposes for each trophy. It is likely that the scalp and ears each had their own meaning. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This research analyzes mass graves from the Middle Tennessee River Valley and highlights problems... more This research analyzes mass graves from the Middle Tennessee River Valley and highlights problems with how massacres are defined and identified in bioarchaeology. Definitions of mass graves and the utility of using these features to identify massacres in the past are explored. It is suggested that there are different types of massacres and that a three-tiered definition of massacres may be more appropriate. In order to form a more complete understanding of whether or not they represent the victims of massacres, this revised approach to studying massacres is applied to several human skeletal assemblages in this region.

INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO ARCHAEOLOGY, 2007

The Shawnee chief Tecumseh visited southern Native American groups in the summer of 1811 with the... more The Shawnee chief Tecumseh visited southern Native American groups in the summer of 1811 with the hope of getting them to become members of a confederacy that was formed with the British to help wage war against the United States. In his visit with the Chickasaw and Choctaw, Tecumseh described how the white people were destroying Indian land and leaving

Handbook of Death & Dying, 2003

Latin American Antiquity, 2002

Latin American Antiquity, 1998

... Diane M. Warren, Keith P. Jacobi, Karen D. Gettelman, Delia Collins Cook, and K. Anne Pyburn ... more ... Diane M. Warren, Keith P. Jacobi, Karen D. Gettelman, Delia Collins Cook, and K. Anne Pyburn 8. Cultural Odontology: Dental Alterations from Peten, Guatemala 105 Nora M. Lopez Olivares v ... Paleodiet and the Collapse of the Pasion Maya Lowlands 181 Lori E. Wright 15. ...

Ancient Mesoamerica, 1997

... Printed in the USA GENDER AND HEALTH AMONG THE COLONIAL MAYA OF TIPU, BELIZE ... Abstract The... more ... Printed in the USA GENDER AND HEALTH AMONG THE COLONIAL MAYA OF TIPU, BELIZE ... Abstract The health of the Colonial-period Maya from Tipu, Belize, was evaluated using a skeletal series to explore differential effects of European contact by sex. ...

International Journal of …, 2002

The role of scoring standards has become increasingly important during the last ten years because... more The role of scoring standards has become increasingly important during the last ten years because of issues such as reburial and comparability of data among researchers. The present study considered the efficacy of a proposed standard for porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia, two of the most commonly evaluated pathologies in skeletal analysis. Twenty scorers with varying experience in bioarchaeology and five scorers with no experience in bioarchaeology evaluated 21 partial skulls for three characteristics: presence of pathology, appearance of porosities, and degree of healing. Participants showed good levels of agreement (>80%) when a lesion was considered present, but most scorers never agreed that a specimen was free of pathology when, in fact, it was. Greater variation was seen in evaluation of porosity size among those cranial fragments with lesions. Determination of degree of healing showed even more diversity with 19 of 21 cases having all scoring options given. Level of experience did not appear to make a difference with respect to level of agreement. Virtually the same pattern of results was seen among the five individuals with no familiarity with porotic hyperostosis or cribra orbitalia but with some biological training. These findings suggest that further refinement, especially in the area of photographs and descriptions illustrating minimum and maximum representations of various scoring levels, are necessary to produce scoring standards for porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia that are effective and reliable.

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2004

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 1999

Theoretical Approaches to Analysis and Interpretation of Commingled Human Remains, 2015

Handbook of Death & Dying, 2003

Encyclopedia of Death and the Human Experience, 2009

INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO ARCHAEOLOGY, 2007

Handbook of Death & Dying, 2003

Latin American Antiquity, 2002

Latin American Antiquity, 1998

Ancient Mesoamerica, 1997

International Journal of …, 2002

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 1992

Hutchinson's incisors and Moon's molars are specific lesions of congenital syphilis. The extensiv... more Hutchinson's incisors and Moon's molars are specific lesions of congenital syphilis. The extensive but fragmentary clinical literature on these conditions describes reduced dimensions and thin enamel in the permanent incisors and first molars, crowding and infolding of the first molar cusps, notching of the upper incisors, and apical hypoplasias of the permanent canines. A Barbados slave cemetery (ca. 1660-1820 m) includes three individuals with these features, suggesting a frequency at birth of congenital syphilis in the population approaching 10%. These three cases show triple the frequency of all hypoplasias and more than seven times the frequency of pitting hypoplasia present in the remainder of the series. The recognizable congenital syphilis cases account for much of the remarkably high frequency of hypoplasias in the series as a whole. We infer that syphilis contributed substantially to morbidity, infant mortality, and infertility in this population. Presence or absence of congenital syphilis may account for much of the variability in health and mortality seen among nineteenth century African-American populations. 0 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.