Kemas Zamhari - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Kemas Zamhari

Jurnal teknologi, Mar 30, 2015

In order to improve the performance of asphalt mixture, the virgin asphalt binder needs to be mod... more In order to improve the performance of asphalt mixture, the virgin asphalt binder needs to be modified with suitable modifiers. There are various types of modifiers available in market and it is clearly stated and established in most of pavement standard specification. Nowadays, pavement technologist and researchers had put their interests on nanotechnology and they had found that polymeric nanocomposites have shown its effectiveness through the modification of virgin asphalt binder with certain portion of nanomaterials. In addition, many studies have demonstrated that nanomaterials have significant effects in improving the engineering properties of asphalt binder and mixture. Therefore, a thorough literature review on the current research of nanomaterials in pavement engineering for the past decades can enhance understanding and guaranteed something beneficial findings in the future. This paper described the theory of nanotechnology and its historical development including the method used among researchers in evaluation the structural and morphological characteristics of modified binder with nanoparticles. Also, the effect of different types of nanoparticles, suitable dosages, modifying procedures, problems and benefits on asphalt binder and mixture were explained. It is expected that in future the implementations of nanotechnology would have major impacts for better pavement performance.

The prime objective of the research reported in this thesis was to develop a procedureto characte... more The prime objective of the research reported in this thesis was to develop a procedureto characterise unbound, elastic, cross-anisotropic subgrade soils. The work comprisedthe design and manufacture of a new form of rigid-boundary, repeated-loading, true-triaxialtest equipment, the development of a laboratory procedures and techniques foranalysing the experimental data. In order to verify the validity of the procedure, theselected technique was implemented on a typical, unbound, fine-grained subgrade soil.The new repeated-loading, true-triaxial equipment consisted of an advanced pneumaticloading system which was controlled through a personal computer. The systemprovided a versatile control of forces in three perpendicular directions, enabling agood, if incomplete, simulation of the in-situ stress conditions in pavements.The test specimens consisted of an A-6 silty clay, and were prepared using a cubicalcompaction mould. Two compaction methods were used. The first was the floatingmould static compaction method and the second was a dynamic compaction methodsimilar to the standard and modified compaction testing procedures.Two mathematical techniques were considered. The first was the simplified methodproposed by Graham and Houlsby (1983) and the second was a least square solutionintroduced by Yang and Shackel (1995). For comparison, a least square solution forisotropic soils was proposed.The experiment embraced a study of the effects of stress conditions and the physicalstate conditions on the cross-anisotropic elastic behaviour. The stress factors consistedof the number of stress applications, the octahedral shear stress, the octahedral shear-to-normal stress ratio and the intermediate principal stress. The physical conditionsconsisted of the density, the degree of saturation and the method of compaction.The main conclusions drawn from this experiment were as follows. Firstly, the newrepeated-loading cubical true-triaxial equipment enabled the measurement of theprincipal stresses and strains required to determine the elastic cross-anisotropicparameters with reasonably accuracy. Secondly, the experiment verified that, of thesolutions considered, the use of Graham and Houlsby approach provided a bettersolution in interpreting the results of the cubical true-triaxial tests. This solutionenabled the determination of the elastic parameters required to describe cross-anisotropicmaterials. Thirdly, the experiment justified the assumption of materialanisotropy. Finally, the procedure introduced in this experiment has been proven tofacilitate the study of material cross-anisotropy in material subjected to repeatedloading similar to those commonly encountered in pavements

Oily Sludge is a waste product from the activity of mining, transporting, storing, and refining o... more Oily Sludge is a waste product from the activity of mining, transporting, storing, and refining of petroleum crude oil. It is categorized as hazardous waste; therefore its handling is expensive and should abide by the environmental regulation. The oily sludge consists of three main substances i.e. oil, water and mineral. In this study, the oily sludge is used as the softening agent for the bitumen of Buton-rock-asphalt which has penetration as low as 4 dmm. In order to dissipate the water and volatile fraction of oil, the oily sludge is preprocessed by heating up to 120 0 C. An amount of petroleum bitumen is added to fulfill the current specification of modifier for Buton-rock-asphalt. The mineral of the sludge is maintained and will be considered as part of the filler of the asphalt concrete mixture. The laboratory study indicates that characteristics of asphalt concrete which made of oily sludge modified Buton-rock-asphalt can be equivalent to the conventional asphalt concrete. This finding is confirmed by a two year observation of the full scale field trial.

World Journal of Engineering, 2012

Nowadays, researchers are interested in using the material at nanoscales as one of asphalt binder... more Nowadays, researchers are interested in using the material at nanoscales as one of asphalt binder modifier. In this paper, Malaysian asphalt binder was modified with nanoclay and warm asphalt additives (WAA) and tested to determine the physical properties and storage stability. The results of the investigation indicated that the modified asphalt binders were stable in term of storage and they also have potential to improve physical properties of asphalts such as increasing softening point and decreasing the penetration. In addition, there was a significant reduction of temperature for mixing and compaction of asphalt mixtures.

Advanced Materials Research, 2013

Going towards sustainable pavement construction, asphalt industries constantly give their effort ... more Going towards sustainable pavement construction, asphalt industries constantly give their effort to implement Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) by adding the chemical warm asphalt additive (CWAA). This can lower its energy consumption and pollution by reducing the mixing and compaction temperatures of the asphalt mixture without affecting its properties. Several studies have been conducted evaluating the properties of the WMA, however, little documented research on the rheology of the binders containing CWAA is available especially when dealing the sources of binders. In this paper, the tests for rheology characteristics of the Malaysian asphalt binder containing CWAA were conducted with rotational viscosity and for dynamic mechanical analysis with dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The results of the investigation indicated that the CWAA had a significant reduction of required heat for mixing and compaction effort and also shows lower permanent deformation when compared to the control binder.

Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) is a system, which is able to weigh a moving vehicle. The system is a part ... more Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) is a system, which is able to weigh a moving vehicle. The system is a part of Intelligent Transport System (ITS). The data obtained by this system can be used for many purposes in the road and railway system. Most of the WIM systems operate at a relative low speed. At high speed, the accuracy of the system reduces. Therefore, a new WIM system was developed so that the weighing can be performed at high speed with a better accuracy. Besides, the system was able to recognize the plate number of the ...

Jurnal Teknologi, 2014

Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) represents the technologies that allow the reducing of asphalt binders’ mi... more Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) represents the technologies that allow the reducing of asphalt binders’ mixing and compaction temperatures by reducing its binders’ viscosity. This paper gives a comprehensive chronological review from prior researches and practical experienced among researchers and industrial practitioners while implementing WMA technology including constituent materials, mix design and mechanical performance issues. Within this, the problems and benefits as well as different types of WMA additives were clearly identified as essential for a better understanding of the application of WMA technology in pavement constructions.

Key Engineering Materials, 2013

Nowadays, most of asphalt used in pavement construction is produced from petrochemicals through r... more Nowadays, most of asphalt used in pavement construction is produced from petrochemicals through refining process of crude oil. When evolves with time, asphalt become stiffer and brittle due aging process. In this paper, the rheological effect of short-term and long-term oxidative ageing of asphalt binder modified with montmorillonite (MMT) was studied using SuperpaveTM rotational viscometer (RV), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) instruments. The results indicate the addition of MMT increased the viscosity. Based on dynamic mechanical analysis with DSR, MMT modified binder has a potential to increase rutting and fatigue resistance. In terms of FTIR test, it appears that the chemical bonding had changed in the asphalt binder before and after RTFO and PAV aging which suggest that the additional of MMT could delay the aging process.

Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012

According to Rostler method (ASTM D 2006), saturates content of bitumen is determined based on it... more According to Rostler method (ASTM D 2006), saturates content of bitumen is determined based on its reactivity to sulphuric acid. While Corbett method (ASTM D 4124) based on its polarity level. This paper presents results from the study on the effect of saturates content determined by two different fractionation methods on the rheological and aging characteristics of bitumen. The result indicated that the increment of saturates content tended to reduce all the rheological characteristics concerned. Bitumen became less elastic, less viscous, and less resistant to plastic deformation, but became more resistant to fatigue cracking. After short and long term aging process, the treatment effect coefficients of saturates decreased, saturates became thicker due to aging process. This study concludes that saturates is not really stable or reactive in aging process. Therefore, the reactivity of saturates should be considered in bitumen aging index. Keywords—Aging index, bitumen, saturates, rh...

World wide motor vehicles require million of gallons of lubricating oil. The used lubricating oil... more World wide motor vehicles require million of gallons of lubricating oil. The used lubricating oil generates waste disposal problem because improperly disposed of used oil may contaminate the environment. On the other hand, each year billions of dollars are spent on the road maintenance and rehabilitation. Reclaimed asphalt pavement is among the best option for road maintenance in term of construction sustainability. The technique requires the use of asphalt rejuvenator to revive the aging bitumen. A study is carried out to assess technical viability of using used lubricating oil as rejuvenator. The study aims (i) to identify the properties of typically available used lubricating oil and the requirement for standard bitumen rejuvenating agent; (ii) to determine appropriate methods to improve the characteristics of used oil in fulfilling the rejuvenator standard and (Hi) to assess the laboratory performance of reclaiming asphalt with used lubricating oil as rejuvenator. Only the first...

Construction and Building Materials, 2016

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016