Kent Woodburn - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Kent Woodburn

Research paper thumbnail of Improving the Quality and Scientific Understanding of Trophic Magnification Factors (TMFs)

Environmental Science & Technology, 2013

Three recent publications 1−3 provide an excellent summary of the state-of-the-science on the mea... more Three recent publications 1−3 provide an excellent summary of the state-of-the-science on the measurement and potential applications of trophic magnification factors (TMFs) for the assessment of chemical bioaccumulation in food webs. TMFs are useful measures of trophic magnification and represent the diet-weighted average biomagnification factor (BMF) of chemical residues across food webs ). Empirical TMFs are currently derived from field measurements whereby providing information on the actual behavior of the chemical in the environment. The TMF is typically derived from the slope of a log-normal regression of chemical residues in organisms upon their corresponding trophic levels. The relationship between the TMF, BMF, and other measures of chemical uptake and accumulation (BCF, BAF, and BSAF) are schematically provided in . By definition, the BCF, BAF, and BSAF describe points of chemical bioaccumulation with reference to the water and sediment, respectively, whereas the BMF and the TMF describe changes across one or more trophic levels, respectively. To further improve scientific understanding and regulatory consideration of TMFs, we have identified the following critical research needs in order to foster increased interest and research on this end point.

Research paper thumbnail of Guidance for Evaluating In Vivo Fish Bioaccumulation Data

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 2008

Currently, the laboratory-derived fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) serves as one of the primary... more Currently, the laboratory-derived fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) serves as one of the primary data sources used to assess the potential for a chemical to bioaccumulate. Consequently, fish BCF values serve a central role in decision making and provide the basis for development of quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) used to predict the bioaccumulation potential of untested compounds. However, practical guidance for critically reviewing experimental BCF studies is limited. This lack of transparent guidance hinders improvement in predictive models and can lead to uninformed chemical management decisions. To address this concern, a multiple-stakeholder workshop of experts from government, industry, and academia was convened by the International Life Sciences Institute Health and Environmental Sciences Institute to examine the data availability and quality issues associated with in vivo fish bioconcentration and bioaccumulation data. This paper provides guidance for evaluating key aspects of study design and conduct that must be considered when judging the reliability and adequacy of reported laboratory bioaccumulation data. Key criteria identified for judging study reliability include 1) clear specification of test substance and fish species investigated, 2) analysis of test substance in both fish tissue and exposure medium, 3) no significant adverse effects on exposed test fish, and 4) a reported test BCF that reflects steadystate conditions with unambiguous units. This guidance is then applied to 2 data-rich chemicals (anthracene and 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) to illustrate the critical need for applying a systematic data quality assessment process. Use of these guidelines will foster development of more accurate QSPR models, improve the performance and reporting of future laboratory studies, and strengthen the technical basis for bioaccumulation assessment in chemicals management.

Research paper thumbnail of Improving the Quality and Scientific Understanding of Trophic Magnification Factors (TMFs)

Environmental Science & Technology, 2013

Three recent publications 1−3 provide an excellent summary of the state-of-the-science on the mea... more Three recent publications 1−3 provide an excellent summary of the state-of-the-science on the measurement and potential applications of trophic magnification factors (TMFs) for the assessment of chemical bioaccumulation in food webs. TMFs are useful measures of trophic magnification and represent the diet-weighted average biomagnification factor (BMF) of chemical residues across food webs ). Empirical TMFs are currently derived from field measurements whereby providing information on the actual behavior of the chemical in the environment. The TMF is typically derived from the slope of a log-normal regression of chemical residues in organisms upon their corresponding trophic levels. The relationship between the TMF, BMF, and other measures of chemical uptake and accumulation (BCF, BAF, and BSAF) are schematically provided in . By definition, the BCF, BAF, and BSAF describe points of chemical bioaccumulation with reference to the water and sediment, respectively, whereas the BMF and the TMF describe changes across one or more trophic levels, respectively. To further improve scientific understanding and regulatory consideration of TMFs, we have identified the following critical research needs in order to foster increased interest and research on this end point.

Research paper thumbnail of Guidance for Evaluating In Vivo Fish Bioaccumulation Data

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 2008

Currently, the laboratory-derived fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) serves as one of the primary... more Currently, the laboratory-derived fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) serves as one of the primary data sources used to assess the potential for a chemical to bioaccumulate. Consequently, fish BCF values serve a central role in decision making and provide the basis for development of quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) used to predict the bioaccumulation potential of untested compounds. However, practical guidance for critically reviewing experimental BCF studies is limited. This lack of transparent guidance hinders improvement in predictive models and can lead to uninformed chemical management decisions. To address this concern, a multiple-stakeholder workshop of experts from government, industry, and academia was convened by the International Life Sciences Institute Health and Environmental Sciences Institute to examine the data availability and quality issues associated with in vivo fish bioconcentration and bioaccumulation data. This paper provides guidance for evaluating key aspects of study design and conduct that must be considered when judging the reliability and adequacy of reported laboratory bioaccumulation data. Key criteria identified for judging study reliability include 1) clear specification of test substance and fish species investigated, 2) analysis of test substance in both fish tissue and exposure medium, 3) no significant adverse effects on exposed test fish, and 4) a reported test BCF that reflects steadystate conditions with unambiguous units. This guidance is then applied to 2 data-rich chemicals (anthracene and 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) to illustrate the critical need for applying a systematic data quality assessment process. Use of these guidelines will foster development of more accurate QSPR models, improve the performance and reporting of future laboratory studies, and strengthen the technical basis for bioaccumulation assessment in chemicals management.