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Papers by Kevin Banks

Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology

Journal of Surgical Oncology, May 25, 2011

Background and Objectives: Routine pretreatment breast magnetic resonance imaging in newly diagno... more Background and Objectives: Routine pretreatment breast magnetic resonance imaging in newly diagnosed cancer patients remains controversial. We assess MRI accuracy and influence on mastectomy decisions after institution of standardized pretreatment MRI. Methods: A prospectively collected database of 74 consecutive new invasive breast cancer patients with pretreatment breast MRI was reviewed for treatment choice, radiologic, and pathologic results. Thirty-eight of 72 patients with available surgical records underwent mastectomy. Mastectomy preoperative and operative electronic records were reviewed for treatment decision analysis. Results: Seventeen of 72 (23.6%) invasive breast cancer patients were likely influenced to undergo mastectomy by new information from MRI. MRI reported that the multifocal/multicentric (MF/MC) rate was 20 of 72 (27.8%) versus 19 of 72 (26.4%) by surgical pathology. MRI sensitivity for MF/MC disease was 89.5% versus 11.8% for mammography. MRI specificity was 84.2%. All three false positives declined recommended preoperative biopsies. MRI MF/MC diagnosis highly correlated with pathology results, P < 0.001. Conclusions: Increased mastectomy rate from 29 to 52.8% after standardization of pre-treatment breast MRI for invasive cancer is largely due to MRI findings of increased extent of disease. These MRI findings correlate well with pathologic findings and appear to justify the performance of mastectomies in these patients.

Lung Cancer, 2010

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the a... more This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit:

Clin Nucl Med, 2010

Collision tumor is a rare condition in which 2 neoplasms develop in the same area and become inte... more Collision tumor is a rare condition in which 2 neoplasms develop in the same area and become intermingled. It is comprised of 2 distinct tissues, with one frequently being a benign entity and the second a malignant metastasis. While uncommonly encountered, collision tumors have been reported in a variety of sites to include the meninges, lungs, liver, bowel, genitourinary tract, and lymph nodes. Their origin is debated with some hypothesizing that the 2 lesions simply occur in contiguity by chance while others propose that the presence of one tumor alters the local environment, making development of a second tumor more likely. We present a 68-yearold woman with a history of left upper lobe adenocarcinoma and ipsilateral hilar lymph node spread of disease (stage IIb). Staging identified an incidental adenoma in the left adrenal gland, which was subsequently confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Several years later, the lesion developed anatomic and metabolic features typical for malignancy, consistent with a collision tumor.

Clinical Nuclear Medicine, 2015

A 27-year-old asymptomatic active duty military man underwent a screening chest x-ray secondary t... more A 27-year-old asymptomatic active duty military man underwent a screening chest x-ray secondary to a history of tuberculosis exposure. His chest x-ray showed no features of tuberculosis infection but unexpectedly revealed a markedly enlarged cardiac silhouette. Echocardiography demonstrated a large pericardial effusion without tamponade physiology. Pericardiocentesis revealed chylous fluid. The effusion was initially refractory to drainage requiring VATS for therapy. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed using 99m Tc-SC to evaluate lymphatic anatomy and confirm communication with the pericardial space. Novel use was made of SPECT/CT with the hope of better assessing the nature of the abnormal communication and potentially helping guide management.

The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2019

American Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2020

Aim/Objectives/Background: The goal of therapy with unsealed radiopharmaceutical sources is to pr... more Aim/Objectives/Background: The goal of therapy with unsealed radiopharmaceutical sources is to provide either cure or significant prolongation of disease-specific survival, and effective reduction and/or prevention of adverse disease-related symptoms or untoward events while minimizing treatment-associated side effects and complications. Radium-223 dichloride (radium-223) is an alpha particle-emitting isotope used for targeted bone therapy. This practice parameter is intended to guide appropriately trained and licensed physicians performing therapy with radium-223. Such therapy requires close cooperation and communication between the physicians who are responsible for the clinical management of the patient and those who administer radiopharmaceutical therapy and manage the attendant side effects. Adherence to this parameter should help to maximize the efficacious use of radium-223, maintain safe conditions, and ensure compliance with applicable regulations.

Clinical Nuclear Medicine, 2018

Objective: To determine if classically reported findings associated with chronic cholecystitis on... more Objective: To determine if classically reported findings associated with chronic cholecystitis on hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS), such as delayed small bowel (SB) transit, slow gallbladder (GB) filling, and reversal of the normal GB and SB transit, are associated with a depressed GB ejection fraction (GBEF). The secondary objectives were to determine whether GBEF is correlated with the time of GB filling, time of SB transit, or reversal of normal GB/SB filling sequence. We hypothesize that an association between a depressed GBEF and these classical HBS findings could validate them as surrogate markers for chronic GB disease. Patients and Methods: We reviewed all HBS exams over a retrospective 16-month period. Data from 221 patients (mean age, 45.3 ± 15.2 years; 152 female and 69 male subjects) who underwent HBS with GBEF determination for evaluation of chronic symptoms concerning for biliary etiology met inclusion criteria. Classically reported findings for cholecystitis were recorded for each patient. Comparisons were made using t test and Fisher test analysis. Results: Comparing exams with normal and abnormal GBEF values, there were no significant differences based on age, sex, GB fill time, normal versus delayed SB transit, and reversal of normal GB/SB filling sequence. Additionally, we did not see a correlation between the measured GBEF and GB fill time, SB transit time, or reversal of normal GB/SB filling sequence. Conclusions: Delayed SB transit, slow GB filling time, and reversal of the normal GB and SB filling sequence on HBS imaging are not associated with the measured GBEF and not predictive of chronic GB disease.

JAMA Internal Medicine, 2019

American Journal of Neuroradiology, 2019

Tumor response assessments are essential to evaluate cancer treatment efficacy and prognosticate ... more Tumor response assessments are essential to evaluate cancer treatment efficacy and prognosticate survival in patients with cancer. Response criteria have evolved over multiple decades, including many imaging modalities and measurement schema. Advances in FDG-PET/CT have led to tumor response criteria that harness the power of metabolic imaging. Qualitative PET/CT assessment schema are easy to apply clinically, are reproducible, and yield good prognostic results. We present 3 such criteria, namely, the Lugano classification for lymphoma, the Hopkins criteria, and the Neck Imaging Reporting and Data Systems criteria for head and neck cancers. When comparing baseline PET/CTs with interim or end-of-treatment PET/CTs, radiologists can classify the tumor response as complete metabolic response, partial metabolic response, no metabolic response, or progressive disease, which has important implications in directing further cancer management and long-term patient prognosis. The purpose of this article is to review the progression of tumor response assessments from CT-and PET/CT-based quantitative and semi-quantitative systems to PET/CT-based qualitative systems; introduce the classification schema for these systems; and describe how to use these rapid, powerful, and qualitative PET/CT-based systems in daily practice through illustrative cases. ABBREVIATIONS: CMR 4 complete metabolic response; D5PS 4 Deauville 5-point scale; NI-RADS 4 Neck Imaging Reporting and Data Systems; PD 4 relapsed/progressive disease; PERCIST 4 PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors; RECIST 4 Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors; WHO 4 World Health Organization; HNSCCa 4 Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma; ACR 4 American college of radiology; AUC 4 appropriate use criteria; SCCa 4 squamous cell carcinoma; PPD 4 product of the diameters; SPD 4 sum of the product of the diameters

Emergency Radiology, 2018

Purpose Traumatic knee injury is a common clinical presentation. However, knee internal derangeme... more Purpose Traumatic knee injury is a common clinical presentation. However, knee internal derangement often goes undiagnosed on physical exam. The authors hypothesize that patients with suprapatellar joint effusion greater than 10 mm anteroposterior diameter on lateral radiograph have a high likelihood of knee internal derangement on magnetic resonance imaging. Materials and methods A retrospective review of knee radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging in 198 patients age 18-40 years with acute knee injury was performed. Suprapatellar effusion diameter on lateral radiography was correlated to the presence of internal derangement on magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging anteroposterior effusion size at four locations was correlated to radiographic suprapatellar effusion measurements. Results Logistic regression showed a positive correlation between radiographic effusion size and the presence of internal derangement on magnetic resonance exams (p value < 0.001). Radiographic effusion > 10 mm was established as a positive test, yielding test sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 55, 96, 93, 71, and 77%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed the radiographic anteroposterior effusion diameter most closely approximated the magnetic resonance effusion diameter at the lateral patellofemoral recess. Conclusions This study shows that knee radiography is a highly specific screening test for internal derangement in patients less than 40 years old with acute knee injury. In this patient population, knee effusion > 10 mm on lateral radiograph should prompt consideration for knee magnetic resonance examination. Adopting this approach as a clinical guideline has the potential to decrease delayed diagnosis, improve patient outcomes, and decrease cost-associated disability.

American Journal of Clinical Oncology

American Journal of Roentgenology, 2020

OBJECTIVE. FDG PET/CT has emerged as an effective tool for the timely accurate assessment of how ... more OBJECTIVE. FDG PET/CT has emerged as an effective tool for the timely accurate assessment of how tumors respond to therapy. To standardize interpretation and reporting, numerous response criteria have been developed. This article will review the evolution of these criteria along with their strengths and weaknesses. CONCLUSION. Several qualitative assessments applicable to common malignancies have been developed in recent years that solve many of the challenges faced by their quantitative predecessors. These are reviewed, and information is provided regarding individual treatment efficacy and prognosis.

Clinical Nuclear Medicine, 2019

Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology, 2016

This module meets the American Board of Radiology's (ABR's) criteria for self-assessment toward t... more This module meets the American Board of Radiology's (ABR's) criteria for self-assessment toward the purpose of fulfi lling requirements in the ABR Maintenance of Certifi cation (MOC) program. Please note that in addition to the SA-CME credits, subscribers completing the activity will receive the usual ACCME credits. After participating in this activity, the radiologist will know the anatomy and nomenclature of the pelvic lymph nodes and the pathways of nodal spread of primary pelvic genitourinary malignancies in both men and women, understand the strengths and weaknesses of 18F-FDG-PET in the assessment of nodal metastases of pelvic malignancies, and comprehend the pathways of nodal metastasis that may help the radiologist to detect the source of an occult primary malignancy in the pelvis.

The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2020