Khaled Alghamdi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Khaled Alghamdi

International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries

Background: Breastfeeding practices, such as initiation and exclusive breastfeeding, for the firs... more Background: Breastfeeding practices, such as initiation and exclusive breastfeeding, for the first 6 months of life have significant importance in terms of public health. The confounding factors associated with breastfeeding practices vary. This study aimed to evaluate the role of fathers in Saudi Arabia concerning their support to breastfeeding. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study in which validated Arabic version of the free validated tool by the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative in 2009 (Questionnaire for Breastfeeding Mother) was used. The study employed a nonprobability sampling method and the questionnaire was distributed online to mothers in the community through different breastfeeding facilitators in different hospitals in Madinah, Jeddah, Makkah, Riyadh, and other cities. Results: The sample size was 584, during antenatal visits, 25% of the fathers received information about breastfeeding, whereas 39% received information about breastfeeding during the po...

Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2013

Makkah City, west of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is considered the third main highly populated m... more Makkah City, west of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is considered the third main highly populated metropolitan area in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It exhibits two unique features that increase the hazardous flood consequences: (1) its topography is very complex and (2) about three million Muslims are gathered annually in Makkah to perform Hajj over a 2-week period. Floods are natural returning hydrological phenomena that have been affecting human lives. The objectives of the current study are: (1) identification of land use types and road networks in Makkah, (2) hydrological modeling of flood characteristics in Makkah based on precise up-to-date databases, (3) examination of the relationship between land use, land cover changes, transportation network expansion, and the floods' prosperities and hazards, and (4) development of digital hydrological maps for present and near future flood hazards in Makkah. The attained results show that the mean runoff depth and the total flood volume are significantly increased from 2010 to 2030. Additionally, it has been found that a great part of the road network in Makkah City is subjected to high dangerous flood impacts. The overall length of flood dangerfactor roads is increased from 481 km (with almost 37 %) to 1,398 km (with 74 % approximately) between 2010 and 2030. Thus, it is concluded that urbanization has a direct strong relationship with flood hazards. Consequently, it is recommended that the attained results should be taken into account by decision makers in implementing new development planning of the Makkah metropolitan area.

Academic Journals, Feb 29, 2012

Flash floods are the most dangerous type of natural disasters in arid regions, such as Saudi Arab... more Flash floods are the most dangerous type of natural disasters in arid regions, such as Saudi Arabia. The effects of urban growth, witnessed between 1990 and 2010, in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia, on runoff volume and peak discharge are investigated using the curve number (CN) flood-modelling methodology. Shapefiles of residential areas are compiled and integrated in a unique geographic information system (GIS) environment. Datasets of geological structures, soil types, and a digital elevation model (DEM) have been collected and utilized. Peak discharges have been computed on the wadi scale, while the total flood volume have been estimated on the sub-basin scale for residential subbasins in order to get a detailed view of urbanization impacts on flood hazards. The results obtained show that the residential regions of Makkah city have been increased, over the period 1990 to 2010, by 197%, while the total flood volumes have been enlarged by 248%. The spatial distribution of high-flood urban regions is mapped. Furthermore, the results show significant positive correlations between urbanization and both peak discharge and flood volume. Accordingly, these findings should be taken into account in future urbanization, sustainable development and flood management plans of Makkah metropolitan area.

International Journal of Advanced Research, 2022

Physical activity (PA) is an integral part of T2DM management.PA has important benefits to T2DM p... more Physical activity (PA) is an integral part of T2DM management.PA has important benefits to T2DM patients. Not only improving glycemic control and reducing glycosylated hemoglobin (4). But also reducing patientsÂ’ mortality risks (20 to >37 % reduction). provides beneficial cardiovascular outcomes (5) improves insulin secretion and helps patients control their body weight.In our study we assessed the prevalence of physical activities among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to assess the barriers that prevents them from physical activities by using a valid questionnaire called International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).result: total of 157 participants included in this study. 51.6% was involved in low level of physical activity while 28.7% in moderate activity and 19.7% in high level of physical activity. Commonest reported barriers of practicing physical activity among type 2 diabetic patients were Laziness, lack of energy (40.8%), health related issues (38.9%),...

Cureus, 2022

Introduction Previous studies reported that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (AS... more Introduction Previous studies reported that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience higher levels of stress than parents of children with typical development. Methods This study conducted a quantitative cross-sectional survey to evaluate the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among mothers of children with ASD compared with mothers of children with typical development. In addition, we assessed whether the perception of social support is correlated to psychological well-being. The study recruited a non-probability sample of 143 mothers of children with ASD and a comparison group of 143 mothers of children with typical development. For data collection, an online questionnaire was used to investigate the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress using the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and examine social support for mothers using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results No significant difference was observed in the levels of depression and anxiety between both groups. Nevertheless, extremely severe levels of depression and anxiety were observed in 23.1% and 27.3% of mothers in the ASD group compared with 11.9% and 16.8% for the control group, respectively. Alternatively, a significant difference exists between the two groups in the levels of stress. Extremely severe stress was identified in 17.5% of mothers of children with ASD compared with only 6.3% in the control group (p = 0.04). Lastly, the study found a significant correlation among the scores for stress, anxiety, and depression and for MSPSS. Conclusion Providing mental health services for mothers in need and investigating the underlying factors of extremely severe levels of depression and anxiety are recommended initiatives.

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2021

Background The global pandemic of COVID-19 has led to unprecedented psychological stress on front... more Background The global pandemic of COVID-19 has led to unprecedented psychological stress on frontline health professionals. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of perceived stress and its association with having children among physicians in Al Madinah city, Saudi Arabia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A web-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among the physicians working in Al-Madina, Saudi Arabia. Physicians living in Madina city were invited to participate in this survey by using an online questionnaire that consisted of socio-demographic information, and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) 10 items questionnaire. The outcome measure was perceived stress score and levels among participants, while exposure factors were having children and the number of children of each participant. Results Low, moderate and high levels of perceived stress were found in 39.3%, 56.4% and 4.3% of the physicians, respectively. 53.6% of those physicians who have c...

Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences, 2021

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the rates of depression, anxiety, and st... more Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the rates of depression, anxiety, and stress among first-year university students in Saudi Arabia. Method: We distributed an online survey through to 861 first-year students, aged 17-25, at King Abdulaziz University. The survey used a validated Arabic short version of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales, and sociodemographic factors. Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 80.4%, 71.8%, and 69.3%, respectively. A plurality showed extremely severe depression and anxiety, and severe stress symptoms. The frequency of exercise was inversely related to depression, anxiety, and stress. A total of 8.2% of students had visited a psychiatrist at some point in their lives, and 40.5% of students had suicidal thoughts. Conclusion: Programs to identify students suffering from mental illness and offer adequate care and support are essential.

The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine, 2021

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) with high risk duties are at a significant risk of psycholo... more Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) with high risk duties are at a significant risk of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: To estimate the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among HCWs during COVID-19 pandemic in the Western region in Saudi Arabia, and investigate their associations as being high risk HCWs. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an electronic questionnaire circulated to HCWs via social applications, including socio-demographic information, occupational characteristics, and the validated depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21) scale. Results: Around 36.1% of HCWs suffered from depression and anxiety and 22.9% suffered from stress. Anxiety median scores were significantly higher among high risk HCWs compared to low risk HCWs (p=.002). For depression and stress subscales, high risk workers have higher median scores compared to low-risk HCWs but it was not statistically significant. While anxiety was significantly higher among high risk HCWs (45.4%) compared to low-risk HCWs (17%) (p=.001). Conclusion: High levels of depression, anxiety, and stress are observed among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. HCWs who are working in high risk services have significantly higher anxiety as compared to those who are at low-risk. A psychological crisis intervention plan should be developed and implemented.

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Medical, Health, Biomedical, Bioengineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, 2020

The aim of this study is to fabricate functional scaffolds to gene delivery bone morphogenetic pr... more The aim of this study is to fabricate functional scaffolds to gene delivery bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) plasmid for bone formation in bone tissue engineering. Methods: Dendriplexes (DPs) of generation 4 polyamidoamin (G4-PAMAM)/BMP-2 plasmid were prepared through microfluidic (MF) platform. The physiochemical properties and toxicity of DPs were evaluated by DLS, AFM, FESEM and MTT assay. In order to create a suitable environment for stem cell growth and differentiation, poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) and poly-l-lactic acid/poly (ethylene oxide) (PLLA/PEO) scaffolds containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA) and DPs were fabricated by the electrospinning method. The osteogenic potency of the scaffolds on human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) was investigated. Results: The results revealed that tuning the physical properties of DPs by adjusting flow parameters in microfluidic platform can easily improve the cell viability compared to conventional bulk mixing method. Also, the result showed that the presence of HA and DPs in PLLA/PEO scaffold enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and increased the amount of deposited Ca, as well as, related to osteogenesis gen markers. Conclusion: This study indicated that on using the MF platform in preparation of DPs and loading them along with HA in PLLA/PEO scaffold, the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs could be tuned.

T he pr oject is t o make an A ndr oid applic ation which tr iggers a scr een loc k with a PI N w... more T he pr oject is t o make an A ndr oid applic ation which tr iggers a scr een loc k with a PI N when t he devic e is disc onnec t ed f r om anot her B luet oot h devic e. T his applic ation will r un in the bac kgr ound nor mally and c onst antly monit or t he Bluet oot h c onnection of t he de vic e. As s oon as it c atc hes a c hange in Bluet oot h c onnect ivit y st at e, it will t rigger a loc k scr een t o pr ot ect t he devic e.

In the past two decades, a growing interest in alternative energy resources as a replacement to t... more In the past two decades, a growing interest in alternative energy resources as a replacement to the non-renewable resources used now days. These alternatives include geothermal energy which can be used to generate power and reduce the demands on energy used to heat and cool buildings. Ground-coupled ventilation system is one of the many applications of the geothermal energy that have a lot of attention in the early 80’s and 90’s but all designs of the system where based on single case situations. On the other hand, computational fluid dynamics tools are used to simulate heat and fluid flow in any real life situation. They start to develop rapidly with the fast development of computers and processors. These tools provide a great opportunity to simulate and predict the outcome of most problems with minimum loss and better way to develop new designs. By using these CFD tools in GCV systems designing procedure, energy can be conserved and designs going to be improved. The main objective...

Background Research methodology is an essential part of evidence-based medicine. Many educational... more Background Research methodology is an essential part of evidence-based medicine. Many educational programs include clinical research methodology within their curriculum. Moreover, students’ preferences for learning methods are different to before, as they now prefer alternative methods, such as peer teaching. Peer-assisted learning enhances students’ tutoring skills. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of peer teaching on enhancing clinical research skills. Methods Peer-assisted learning was evaluated during a four-week online research methodology course designed for medical students at King Abdulaziz University. A total of 121 students’ and 38 tutors’ attitudes and perceptions of peer teaching were evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire. The effectiveness of peer teaching was assessed using pre- and post-course knowledge tests. Chi-square used to assess the association of qualitative data and Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon rank test are used as nonpara...

International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 2021

Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2021

Increasing energy efficiency requirements lead to substantial increases in residential air handle... more Increasing energy efficiency requirements lead to substantial increases in residential air handler unit’s length, in turn preventing usage of requiring inlet ductwork for rating tests due to testing facilities space constraints. Therefore, the main goal of ASHRAE Research Project 1743 was to investigate reduced-length alternative inlet duct configurations as compared to ASHRAE Standard inlet duct in terms of fan performance. Additionally, the project investigated other effects that might affect the repeatability of equipment testing. The investigated effects were hysteresis effect associating with adjusting external static pressure through unit under test, atmospheric pressure effect associating with daily fluctuations of atmospheric pressure in a location, side flow effect from a destratification fan in the testing facility, and floor distance effect on ASHRAE Standard 37 inlet duct. The reduced-length alternative inlet duct configurations considered were 4-inch inlet duct, inlet box with and without guide vanes, and nonconventional reduced alternative inlet duct. The alternative inlet duct configurations maintained fan performance within ±5% for fan power and ±2.5% for air volumetric flowrate except for the inlet box without guide vanes. The reduction in length relative to the standard inlet duct was between 38% and 44% for the inlet box configuration up to 71% and 73% for the reduced alternative inlet duct configuration. The hysteresis effect was significant for the push-through electronically-commutated-motor fan unit and was noticeable for the pull-through constant-torque-motor fan unit at a low air flowrate. Atmospheric pressure affected only the electronically-commutated-motor fan units significantly. Side flow from external ‘destratification’-fans had a significant effect on the push-through units in some of the configurations. Floor distance had an insignificant effect on fan performance during testing the standard inlet duct.

Communications and Network, 2020

The world is moving at a high speed in the implementation and innovations of new systems and gadg... more The world is moving at a high speed in the implementation and innovations of new systems and gadgets. 3G and 4G networks support currently wireless network communications. However, the networks are deemed to be slow and fail to receive signals or data transmission to various regions as a result of solving the problem. This paper will analyze the use of Software Defined Network (SDN) in a 5G (fifth generation) network that can be faster and reliable. Further, in Mobile IP, there exist triangulation problems between the sending and receiving nodes along with latency issues during handoff for the mobile nodes causing huge burden in the network. With Cloud Computing and ecosystem for Virtualization developed for the Core and Radio Networks SDN OpenFlow seems to be a seamless solution for determining signal flow between mobiles. There have been a lot of researches going on for deploying SDN OpenFlow with the 5G Cellular Network. The current paper performs benchmarks as a feasibility need for implementing SDN OpenFlow for 5G Cellular Network. The Handoff mechanism impacts the scalability required for a cellular network and simulation results can be further used to be deployed the 5G Network.

Being surrounded by great people have helped me to successfully attain my goals throughout my lif... more Being surrounded by great people have helped me to successfully attain my goals throughout my life. Thanks to my parents for their limitless prays, encouragements, and supports; regardless of my age, I feel strong and confident just by realizing their existence in my life. Thanks to my wife for being a good listener, a wise advisor, and a great supporter, whenever I need her. Thanks to my kids for their musical noise and magical laughs that filled every corner of my heart. Thanks to my siblings for their encouragements and kindnesses. Thanks to my sponsor, Taif University, Saudi Arabia, and the Saudi Arabian Cultural Mission in the United States for supporting me in pursuing my graduate studies.

Egyptian Journal of Dermatology and Venerology, 2019

Objective The objective of the study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) in patients with and... more Objective The objective of the study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) in patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA). A secondary aim was to determine the correlation between dermatology life quality index and willingness-to-pay (WTP) among subjects of different disease duration, severity, and socioeconomic factors. Patients and methods A self-administered multiple-choice questionnaire distributed to subjects diagnosed with AGA attending the dermatology clinic at three specialized hospitals in Riyadh from June 2016 to March 2017. Results Of the 233 subjects, 207 (88%) completed the questionnaires. The dermatology life quality index scores ranged from 0 to 29, with a mean score of 7.8±5.8 indicating a moderate effect on QoL. In 28.5% of subjects, QoL was affected very large to extremely large by AGA. Women showed a significantly higher WTP than men (P<0.001). Conclusion The present study suggests a moderate effect of AGA on the QoL. AGA impact women more than in men and women show more WTP than mem. More studies should pay more attention on the psychological status of patients with AGA.

Journal of Infection and Public Health, 2017

Outbreaks of influenza epidemics are common but influenza vaccination is sub-optimal among the he... more Outbreaks of influenza epidemics are common but influenza vaccination is sub-optimal among the healthcare staff including the medical students. The study aims to assess the rate of vaccine uptake among medical students, its associated barriers and levels of awareness. A cross sectional study was done at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia on 421 medical students by self administered questionnaire from February to March 2015. The immunization rate of seasonal influenza vaccine was just 20.7% in 2015, while it was 57% for cumulative of previous three-year period. The intended uptake among those offered vaccination was 68%. The significant determinants of vaccine uptake were clinical years of medical study (p < 0.05) and previous history of vaccination (p < 0.0001). The major sources influencing vaccine uptake decision were health department guidelines, medical training, social and media influence. Barriers of vaccination constituted, assumption of not being at risk of influenza (37.9%), vaccine side effects (28.9%), questioned effectiveness of the vaccine (14.5%), and inability to allocate time (11%). Knowledge levels were unsatisfactory and males scored lower (5.4 ± 1.7) than females (6.5 ± 1.4) out of total score of 9. Both knowledge and uptake of annual influenza vaccination was inadequate. Policy makers can formulate strategies with a focus on larger coverage of medical students.

International Journal of Advanced Research, 2017

Introduction:Fever is a very common and basic symptom in pediatric population. Parents reaction t... more Introduction:Fever is a very common and basic symptom in pediatric population. Parents reaction to fever might put their child under risk of chronic hepatic toxicity in case of inappropriate use of antipyretics. We aimed to evaluate knowledge and attitude of care givers in Madina region toward a febrile child to determine if there is a risk of chronic acetaminophen hepatic toxicity. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted , questionnaire was used as a collecting tool (electronic and paper based)Pilot study and pre-test has been done to clarify any ambiguous question. Specific coding mechanism was set, data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. Results: The vast majority of parents know their children's weight and they know the exact definition of fever. However, their knowledge about antipyretics in different routs of administration, duration between different doses regardless of the route and their action in case of persistence of fever in terms of the use of cold compression, are not satisfactory for a symptom which is very common like fever. Conclusion and Recommendations: Physicians and pharmacists must explain to parents the appropriate dosing method of over the counter antipyretics. It is preferable that these medications are suspended based on physician's prescription. Otherwise, Preparations which might lead to chronic liver toxicity should be replaced by other safe medications.