Khalid Omer - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Khalid Omer

Additional file 2: Table A2. Characteristics of children included in the analysis and lost to fol... more Additional file 2: Table A2. Characteristics of children included in the analysis and lost to follow up. Shows the characteristics of children included in the analysis and those lost to follow-up

Background: Nigeria continues to have high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality. This is par... more Background: Nigeria continues to have high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality. This is partly associated with lack of adequate obstetric care, partly with high risks in pregnancy, including heavy work. We examined actionable risk factors and underlying determinants at community level in Bauchi and Cross River States of Nigeria, including several related to male responsibility in pregnancy. Method: In 2009, field teams visited a stratified (urban/rural) last stage random sample of 180 enumeration areas drawn from the most recent censuses in each of Bauchi and Cross River states. A structured questionnaire administered in face-to-face interviews with women aged 15-49 years documented education, income, recent birth history, knowledge and attitudes related to safe birth, and deliveries in the last three years. Closed questions covered female genital mutilation, intimate partner violence (IPV) in the last year, IPV during the last pregnancy, work during the last pregnancy, and su...

Background: Maternal and newborn child health are priority concerns in Bauchi State, northern Nig... more Background: Maternal and newborn child health are priority concerns in Bauchi State, northern Nigeria. Increased male involvement in reproductive health is recommended by the World Health Organization. A trial of a program of universal home visits to pregnant women and their spouses, with an intention to increase male involvement in pregnancy and childbirth, showed improvements in actionable risk factors and in maternal morbidity. We used a narrative technique to explore experiences of the visits and their effect on gender roles and dynamics within the households. Methods: Trained fieldworkers collected narratives of change from 23 visited women and 21 visited men. After translation of the stories into English, we conducted an inductive thematic analysis to examine the impact of the visits on gender norms and dynamics. Results: The analysis indicated that the visits improved men’s support for antenatal care, immunization, and seeking help for danger signs, increased spousal communic...

Additional file 4. Studies reporting HR. Table showing the findings of studies reporting HR.

JMIR Research Protocols, 2022

Background Adolescents (10-19 years) are a big segment of the Nigerian population, and they face ... more Background Adolescents (10-19 years) are a big segment of the Nigerian population, and they face serious risks to their health and well-being. Maternal mortality is very high in Nigeria, and rates of pregnancy and maternal deaths are high among female adolescents. Rates of HIV infection are rising among adolescents, gender violence and sexual abuse are common, and knowledge about sexual and reproductive health risks is low. Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) indicators are worse in the north of the country. Objective In Bauchi State, northern Nigeria, the project will document the nature and extent of ASRH outcomes and risks, discuss the findings and codesign solutions with local stakeholders, and measure the short-term impact of the discussions and proposed solutions. Methods The participatory research project is a sequential mixed-methods codesign of a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial. Focus groups of local stakeholders (female and male adolescents, pare...

Additional file 5. Full text in Spanish version.

Additional file 4. Pattern matching table to compare participant weighted and discourse analysis ... more Additional file 4. Pattern matching table to compare participant weighted and discourse analysis weighted maps. There is one table for each composite map of risks and protectors (communities, female and male groups). Each table contains two columns indicating the cumulative net influence of the category on kunika or no-kunika from the original maps or from the discourse analysis. For each category, we indicated the order relative to all the categories influencing the outcome in the map.

Additional file 2. Adjacency matrices of composite maps of risks by group. Each sheet contains th... more Additional file 2. Adjacency matrices of composite maps of risks by group. Each sheet contains the adjacency matrix of the corresponding map. Each cell in the adjacency matrix indicates the weight of a relationship between two categories. The rows are the initial category and the columns the landing one for each relationship.

Additional file 3. Full references of the records included in our study. List showing the full re... more Additional file 3. Full references of the records included in our study. List showing the full references of the documents included in our study.

Background: The government of Pakistan introduced devolution in 2001. Responsibility for delivery... more Background: The government of Pakistan introduced devolution in 2001. Responsibility for delivery of most health services passed from provincial to district governments. Two national surveys examined public opinions, use, and experience of health services in 2001 and 2004, to assess the impact of devolution on these services from the point of view of the public. Methods: A stratified random cluster sample drawn in 2001 and revisited in 2004 included households in all districts. Field teams administered a questionnaire covering views about available health services, use of government and private health services, and experience and satisfaction with the service. Focus groups in each community discussed reasons behind the findings, and district nazims (elected mayors) and administrators commented about implementation of devolution. Multivariate analysis, with an adjustment for clustering, examined changes over time, and associations with use and satisfaction with services in 2004. Resu...

Reproductive Health, 2021

Background Short birth intervals, defined by the World Health Organization as less than 33 months... more Background Short birth intervals, defined by the World Health Organization as less than 33 months, may damage the health and wellbeing of children, mothers, and their families. People in northern Nigeria recognise many adverse effects of short birth interval (kunika in the Hausa language) but it remains common. We used fuzzy cognitive mapping to systematize local knowledge of causes of kunika to inform the co-design of culturally safe strategies to address it. Methods Male and female groups in twelve communities built 48 maps of causes and protective factors for kunika, and government officers from the Local Government Area (LGA) and State made four maps. Each map showed causes of kunika or no-kunika, with arrows showing relationships with the outcome and between causes. Participants assigned weights for the perceived strength of relationships between 5 (strongest) and 1 (weakest). We combined maps for each group: men, women, and government officers. Fuzzy transitive closure calcula...

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2020

Background There is ample evidence of associations between short birth interval and adverse mater... more Background There is ample evidence of associations between short birth interval and adverse maternal and child health outcomes, including infant and maternal mortality. Short birth interval is more common among women in low- and middle-income countries. Identifying actionable aspects of short birth interval is necessary to address the problem. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to systematize evidence on risk factors for short birth interval in low- and middle-income countries. Methods A systematic mixed studies review searched PubMed, Embase, LILACS, and Popline databases for empirical studies on the topic. We included documents in English, Spanish, French, Italian, and Portuguese, without date restriction. Two independent reviewers screened the articles and extracted the data. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool to conduct a quality appraisal of the included studies. To accommodate variable definition of factors and outcomes, we present only a narrative syn...

Archives of Public Health, 2021

Background Universal home visits to pregnant women and their spouses in Bauchi State, northern Ni... more Background Universal home visits to pregnant women and their spouses in Bauchi State, northern Nigeria, discussed local evidence about maternal and child health risks actionable by households. The expected results chain for improved health behaviours resulting from the visits was based on the CASCADA model, which includes Conscious knowledge, Attitudes, Subjective norms, intention to Change, Agency to change, Discussion of options, and Action to change. Previous quantitative analysis confirmed the impact of the visits on maternal and child outcomes. To explore the mechanisms of the quantitative improvements, we analysed participants’ narratives of changes in their lives they attributed to the visits. Methods Local researchers collected stories of change from 23 women and 21 men in households who had received home visits, from eight male and eight female home visitors, and from four government officers attached to the home visits program. We used a deductive thematic analysis based o...

Additional file 3. Final GEE models for outcomes shown in Tables 4, 5 and 6 of the main text. The... more Additional file 3. Final GEE models for outcomes shown in Tables 4, 5 and 6 of the main text. The file includes tables showing all the final GEE models for outcomes shown in Tables 4, 5 and 6 of the main text. Variables remaining in final models of GEE that began with saturated models including the characteristics of children in intervention and control groups potentially related to the outcomes

Additional file 4. Results of sensitivity analysis, excluding data from wards in wave 1 and wave ... more Additional file 4. Results of sensitivity analysis, excluding data from wards in wave 1 and wave 4. The file contains tables showing results from sensitivity analysis on the same outcome indictors included in the main manuscript but excluding data from wards in wave 1 and wave 4

DIGITAL HEALTH, 2022

Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers have used Internet-based applications to c... more Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers have used Internet-based applications to conduct virtual group meetings, but this is not feasible in low-resource settings. In a community health research project in Bauchi State, Nigeria, COVID-19 restrictions precluded planned face-to-face meetings with community groups. We tested the feasibility of using cellular teleconferencing for these meetings. Methods In an initial exercise, we used cellular teleconferencing to conduct six male and six female community focus group discussions. Informed by this experience, we conducted cellular teleconferences with 10 male and 10 female groups of community leaders, in different communities, to discuss progress with previously formulated action plans. Ahead of each teleconference call, a call coordinator contacted individual participants to seek consent and confirm availability. The coordinator connected the facilitator, the reporter, and the participants on each conference call, and audi...

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2014

Journal of …, 2010

Worldwide, many women who experience domestic violence keep their experience secret. Few report t... more Worldwide, many women who experience domestic violence keep their experience secret. Few report to official bodies. In a national survey of abuse against women in Pakistan, we examined factors related to disclosure: women who had experienced physical violence telling someone about it. In focus groups, we explored why women do not report domestic violence. Nearly one third of the 23,430 women interviewed had experienced physical violence. Only 35% of them had told anyone about it, almost always someone within their own family. Several personal and family factors were associated with disclosure. Having discussed the issue and feeling empowered to discuss violence were consistent associations. Of the 7,895 women who had suffered physical violence, only 14 had reported the matter to the police. Female focus groups said women who report violence risk their reputation and bring dishonor to the family; women fear reporting violence because it may exacerbate the problem and may lead to separation or divorce and loss of their children. Focus groups of men and women were skeptical about community leaders, councilors, and religious leaders supporting reporting of violence. They suggested setting up local groups where abused women could seek help and advice. There are strong disincentives to reporting violence in Pakistan, which are well known to women. Until better systems for reporting and dealing with reported cases are in place, domestic violence will continue to be a hidden scourge here and elsewhere.

Additional file 1. Matching table of factors and categories across all the maps. A table presenti... more Additional file 1. Matching table of factors and categories across all the maps. A table presenting all the factors with similar meanings in the same row and the corresponding category assigned during the thematic analysis. The first two columns indicate the names of categories and standardised names of the factors. The remaining columns contain the factors in the corresponding map. There are two sheets, one for causes and another for protectors.