Khan Zamin - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Khan Zamin

The present study was planned to investigate the population dynamics and habitats of economically... more The present study was planned to investigate the population dynamics and habitats of economically important mosquito species with special emphasis on Aedes spp., the dengue vector in Peshawar Valley during 2011-2012. Data were collected from different habitat types in Peshawar, Nowshera, Mardan and Charsadda. Efficacy of different synthetic and natural insecticides as well as IGRs was tested in various concentrations against the mosquito species. In the irradiation experiments various doses of Cobalt 60 were tested to determine the optimum dose for causing male sterility in Aedes albopictus. The result revealed that population of Culex spp. was highest in Peshawar and lowest in Charsadda. The mean abundance of Aedes albopictus was highest in Mardan and lowest in Charsadda. Culex spp. populations peaked during September-October while Aedes spp. during October-November. Highest mean abundance (5300) of the specimen was found in sewage water and lowest in flower pots (11). At all the tested sites sewage water was found more favorable for breeding of Culex spp. while, irrigation channels, scrap, water tanks and pot vases for Aedes spp. The ovitrap index revealed higher population of Culex spp. in the indoor while that of Aedes spp. in the outdoor location. The indoor ovitrap index of Culex spp. was highest in Mardan (16.05%) and lowest in Peshawar (9.38%). The outdoor ovitrap index of Aedes spp. was highest in Nowshera (19.3%) and lowest in Charsadda (7.83%). The vector control In Vitro experiments showed significant differences in larval and adult mortalities as affected by the different synthetic insecticides, IGRs and plant extracts tested in various concentrations. Spatial variation in the mortality of both larvae and adults were observed in response to the insecticides. This variable response might be due to the intra-specie genetic variations from selection pressure of insecticides resulting into the development of resistance in the mosquitoes. The IGRs exhibited LC 50 and LC 90 in range of 0.002 to 0.016 ppm and 0.008 to 0.115 ppm, respectively. The IGRs yielded significant inhibition (79 to 99.5%) in adult emergence in the 3 rd instars larvae of both Aedes and Culex spp. The IGRs were classified in terms of the tested parameters in order of Pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG > Pyriproxyfen 0.5 WDG > Methoprene. In the field experiments, Pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG @ 0.1g/m3 resulted in negligible adult emergence over a period of six months in water samples from different treated habitats. Crude plant extracts were tested for larvicidal activity against 3 rd and 4 th instars of Culex and Aedes spp. Parthenium showed lowest LC 50 (0.849-1.543%), LC 90 (1.875-2.882%) while Stevia extract the highest LC 50 (2.086-2.889%), LC 90 (5.836-8.533%) against the 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae of both the species after 24-48 hrs exposure periods. The larvicidal efficiency of plant extracts were ranked in order of Parthenium > Neem extract > Chrysanthemum > Neem oil > Stevia extract. The results of SIT experiments with Aedes albopictus revealed irradiation dose of 40-60 Gy as optimum for acceptable number of mating (7-8) of sterile males with wild female, negligible fecundity and subsequent hatching in no choice tests.

Insects

Dengue virus, transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, is the most important emerging viral disea... more Dengue virus, transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, is the most important emerging viral disease, infecting more than 50 million people annually. Currently used sticky traps are useful tools for monitoring and controlling Ae. aegypti. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the attraction of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes using various colors, materials and insecticides. The laboratory and field assessed the four different colors of ovitraps (blue, green, black and transparent). Among the tested ovitraps, the black ovitraps showed the highest number of eggs (348.8) in the laboratory and maximum eggs (80.0) in field trials. In addition, six different materials (casein, urea, yeast, fish meal, chicken meal and water) were also used to evaluate mosquito’s attraction. In our results, the highest number of eggs were collected with fish meal having 0.5% concentration in both laboratory (195.17) and the field (100.7). In laboratory trials, the Deltamethrin treated ovitraps (treated with...

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2015

The study on different life parameters of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) on eggs of Sitotroga cere... more The study on different life parameters of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) on eggs of Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) fed on old and new varieties of wheat, maize and sorghum revealed that S. cerealella adult’s emergence was higher (88 adults) on wheat new variety (Atta Habib). In old varieties, T. chilonis parasitism was highest (41.20%) on wheat, while lowest (34.80%) on sorghum. On new varieties, parasitism was minimum (44.60%) on wheat, while maximum (59.80%) on maize. The T. chilonis adult’s emergence (85.40%) was highest on eggs derived from wheat old variety, whereas, in new varieties, lowest adults emergence of 73.20% was recorded in wheat. The T. chilonis male’s emergence was highest (41.40%) on maize old variety, while lowest (34.20%) on wheat old variety. On new varieties, male’s emergence of 22.80 was recorded on wheat, whereas value of 30.40 was recorded for maize and sorghum. The results revealed that maximum parasitism and adults emergence by the wasp were observed in mai...

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2012

The aim of the present study was the formulation and evaluation of controlled release polymeric t... more The aim of the present study was the formulation and evaluation of controlled release polymeric tablets of Diclofenac Potassium by wet granulation method for the release rate, release pattern and the mechanism involved in drug release. Formulations having three grades of polymer Ethocel (7P; 7FP, 10P, 10FP, 100P, 100FP) in several drugs to polymer ratios (10:3 and 10:1) were compressed into tablets using wet granulation method. Co-excipients were added to some selected formulations to investigate their enhancement effect on in vitro drug release patterns. In vitro drug release studies were performed using USP Method-1 (Rotating Basket method) and Phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) was used as a dissolution medium. The similarities and dissimilarities of release profiles of test formulations with reference standard were checked using f2 similarity factor and f1 dissimilarity factor. Mathematical/Kinetic models were employed to determine the release mechanism and drug release kinetics.

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 2021

Materials and Methods Morphological terminology follows Dietrich (2005). The specimens were obser... more Materials and Methods Morphological terminology follows Dietrich (2005). The specimens were observed and dissected under a stereo microscope (Zoom, 2000, Leica) for studying genital characters like pygofer, aedeagus, connective, Abstract | The Oriental leafhopper genus Parallygus Melichar, 1903 is reported for the first time from North Western Part of Pakistan with redescription of habitus and male genitalia of Parallygus rameshi Viraktamath and Webb, 2012. A worldwide checklist with distribution for species of genus Parallygus Melichar is also provided.

PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF …, 2005

Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2003

Pakistan is confronting a chronic scarcity of domestic edible oil requirements. One of the major ... more Pakistan is confronting a chronic scarcity of domestic edible oil requirements. One of the major issues with brassica oil seed production is the water requirement of the brassica crop. Field experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangements at Malakandher Research Farm Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University Peshawar Pakistan to study the effect of different levels of irrigation and potassium on seed protein content of Brassica. Four varieties Wester, Rainbow, Oscar and Legend were selected on the basis of their good response to potassium application in water stress conditions. The data revealed that maximum seed protein content (21.98%) was observed in those treatments where 100% irrigation level was applied and minimum seed protein content (19.37%) was produced by plants where 60% irrigation level was applied. Maximum seed protein content (21%) was in plants treated with 120 kg K ha-1 and minimum seed protein content (20.14%) with...

2013 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE), 2013

ABSTRACT Pre-timed traffic signals are inefficient in optimizing the traffic flow throughout the ... more ABSTRACT Pre-timed traffic signals are inefficient in optimizing the traffic flow throughout the day, resulting in greater waiting times at the intersections particularly in congested urban areas during peak hours. Traffic actuated signals use real time traffic data obtained from sensors at the intersections to service queues intelligently. We developed a test bed for the real time evaluation of adaptive traffic light control algorithms using the microscopic traffic simulation open source software, SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility), and the AVR 32-bit microcontroller. An interface was developed between SUMO and the AVR microcontroller in which we used the simulation data generated by SUMO as an input to the microcontroller which executed the scheduling algorithms and sent commands back to SUMO for changing the states of the traffic signals accordingly. We implemented four scheduling algorithms in SUMO through the AVR microcontroller, the effect of the algorithms on the traffic network was studied using SUMO and execution times of the scheduling algorithms were measured using the AVR microcontroller. Through this interface, scheduling algorithms can be evaluated more effectively and accurately as compared to the case in which the algorithms are fed with data using pseudo random number generators.

... Antifungal, Insecticidal, Cytotoxicity, and Phytotoxicity Studies of Binuclear Ni(II) and Cu(... more ... Antifungal, Insecticidal, Cytotoxicity, and Phytotoxicity Studies of Binuclear Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes of Diclofenac. Auteur(s) / Author(s). MUHAMMAD FARID KHAN ; FAZAL-UR-REHMAN ;GUL MAJID KHAN ; KHAN Inamullah ; IBAD Farooq ; Revue / Journal Title. ...

International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2017

Monitoring of insecticides susceptibility is one of the most important tools for determination of... more Monitoring of insecticides susceptibility is one of the most important tools for determination of success or failure of vector control programs. The study indicates the susceptibility status in the field population of dengue vector; Aedes albopictus. Larvae/adults samples of Aedes albopictus were collected from various habitats at various locations with history of insecticides usage from four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa viz., Peshawar, Nowshera, Mardan and Charsadda districts and were tested in Vitro against commonly used public health insecticides, viz., chlorpyrifos (50%EC), deltamethrin (0.05% EC), lambdacyhalothrin (0.05% EC) and temephos (2%SG) as per WHO protocols. The toxicity range of insecticides trend observed was found in the order of temephos (97.31) > lambdacyhalothrin (93.70%) > deltamethrin (92.31%) > chloropyrifos and (86.48%) that highlights the mosquitoes’ resistance in areas with high selection pressure of agricultural and public health pesticides.

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 2014

Entomological surveillance study was conducted in four selected sites; Peshawar, Nowshera, Mardan... more Entomological surveillance study was conducted in four selected sites; Peshawar, Nowshera, Mardan and Charsadda of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2012-13 for development of ultimate control strategies of mosquito breeding in outdoor habitats. Larvae were collected from various mosquito breeding habitats such as irrigation channels, irrigation water leakages, pots, vase, tyres, temporary containers stagnant flood waters, etc. Ovitraps were used as monitoring tools in urban areas of the selected sites. Results showed that mosquitoes are active throughout the year with their most active season during May, September and October. The mean relative abundance of Culex species in different districts were: Peshawar (32.3), Nowshera (18.8), Mardan (20.3) and Charsadda (21.0). Higher numbers of Aedes mosquitoes were observed in Nowshera (19.3), Peshawar (16.4), Charsadda (13.1), and Mardan (9.8), respectively. Mean monthly positive ovitraps of species was high in May and October collected...

The experiment was conducted to exploit nutrition for sex separation in Culex quinquefasciatus at... more The experiment was conducted to exploit nutrition for sex separation in Culex quinquefasciatus at Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar during 2015. Seven different diets with various concentrations comprising of carbohydrates and protein sources in individual/mixed form were compared with standard diet of IAEA. Maximum pupae size of 3.00 and 3.51 mm for male, 4.01 and 4.40 mm for female, adult’s emergence of 45.15 and 70.10% for male were recorded when IAEA diet was tested at 1 and 2% concentration, respectively. Female adult’s emergence of 55.17 and 60.25% was recorded when chickpea was fed to larvae at both the concentrations, respectively. Shorter larval period of 7.06 and 7.00 days was noted in larvae nourished by IAEA diet at both concentrations, respectively. Carbohydrates based diet favored male size while, protein skewed in favor of female. It is concluded that the finding on the sexual dimorphism can be exploited for the sex separation of Culex and ot...

Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of seven insecticides, i.e., Fyfenon 57EC, Curacr... more Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of seven insecticides, i.e., Fyfenon 57EC, Curacron 500EC, Thiodan 35EC, Lorsban 40EC, Regent 5%SC, Ematac 1.9EC and Confidor 20SC in plum orchard for reducing the gummosis damage induced by Peach flat-headed borer. The mean density of new gum points /m2 on bark surface area treated with Confidor 20SC @ (30 ml/ 10 L) was significantly lower (7.55) followed by Thiodan 35EC (7.80) applied @ (50 ml/ 10 L), as compared to the untreated control (40.49). ). In trees that received two applications, the mean density of new gum points/m2 of bark surface area were significantly lower (11.24) as compared to the trees that were sprayed once (15.86). Highest percent reduction in gummosis was offered by Confidor 20SC (81.4%) followed by Thiodan 35EC (80.7%), whereas the lowest by Curacron 500EC (70.4%). It is suggested that two sprays of Confidor 20SC (imidacloprid) can successfully reduce gummosis damage caused by this pest.

The present studies were designed to develop long term sustainable strategies for the control of ... more The present studies were designed to develop long term sustainable strategies for the control of dengue vector in Pakistan. Mosquitoes were separated into males and females based on sexual dimorphism at the pupal stage. Ten transparent plastic bottle having 100 male pupae each were exposed to different radiation doses i.e. 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 Gy by Cobalt 60 irradiation source. For Culex spp highest emergence of 90.50% was achieved with dose of 60 Gy and highest deformity of 25.25% was noted with 100 Gy. Aedes spp showed highest emergence (91.25%) and deformity (29.75%) with 60 Gy and 100 Gy, respectively. The mating frequency was acceptable at optimum doses of 40-60 Gy radiation. The radiation dose of 100 Gy yielded lowest adult emergence and highest deformity in the mosquito’s species. The dose of 40-60 Gy was determined as the optimum dose for initiation male sterility required for SIT program.

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research

13 for development of ultimate control strategies of mosquito breeding in outdoor habitats. Larva... more 13 for development of ultimate control strategies of mosquito breeding in outdoor habitats. Larvae were collected from various mosquito breeding habitats such as irrigation channels, irrigation water leakages, pots, vase, tyres, temporary containers stagnant flood waters, etc. Ovitraps were used as monitoring tools in urban areas of the selected sites. Results showed that mosquitoes are active throughout the year with their most active season during May, September and October. The mean relative abundance of Culex species in different districts were:

Extract of five indigenous plants viz. Mentha longifolia (Mint), Momordica charantia (Bitter Gour... more Extract of five indigenous plants viz. Mentha longifolia (Mint), Momordica charantia (Bitter Gourd), Luffa aegyptiaca (Sponge Gourd), Carum copticum (Ajwain) and Curcuma longa (Turmeric) were tested at different concentrations of 25, 50 and 75% to check their repellency effect against Rhyzopertha dominica during 10 days of exposure. Complete repellency was exhibited by Mentha longifolia followed by Momordica charantia (90%), Luffa aegyptiaca (80%), Carum copticum (76.67%) and Curcuma longa (66.67%) at 75% dose rate. Thus, it can be inferred that the natural plant extracts can prove the best alternatives to chemical repellents.

Science Postprint, 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate in-vitro larvicidal property of botanical oils of brassica, Br... more ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate in-vitro larvicidal property of botanical oils of brassica, Brassica campestris L., mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, clove, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et L.M.Perry, eucalyptus, Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, turpentine Pinus sylvestris L., neem Azadirachta indica A.Juss., and mineral kerosene oils against 4th instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 and test their time dependent repellency/attractancy in the field ovitraps. Methods: Larvicidal properties of various plant oils and mineral kerosene oil was investigated using 4th instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus in dose dependent experiments in the water media while their attractancy/repellency was tested in the field ovitraps over time. Results: T he fiducial l imits for LC90 values at t he 48 h for cinnamon, t urpentine a nd kerosene oils were overlapping a nd t herefore, not significantly different (p <0.05) from each other. Equal toxicity of these oils was indicative that kerosene oil can be replaced with environment friendly botanical oils for the control of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. The positive oviposition activity index (OAI) of traps treated with eucalyptus, cinnamon, and turpentine oils indicated that these oils were attractive after two weeks of application while neem was repellent to Culex mosquitoes. Conclusion: Oils of cinnamon, eucalyptus and turpentine are fatal to the larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and act as attractant to the adults for oviposition and therefore, may be good candidates for using in the “attract and kill” strategy of mosquitoes control programs.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2016

To test the relative efficacy of pyriproxyfen and methoprene on mortality, deformity, inhibition ... more To test the relative efficacy of pyriproxyfen and methoprene on mortality, deformity, inhibition and emergence to adult stages of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus. Methods: Serial dilutions (0.01-0.05 mg/L) of methoprene, pyriproxyfen 0.5 water dispersible granules (WDG) and pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG were used to assess mortality and inhibition of 3rd instar larvae of Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus. Each concentration and control was replicated four times in completely randomized design. Data on larval mortality, growth inhibition, deformities and adult's emergence was recorded weekly. On the basis of best comparative performance, the efficacy of pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG at 0.1 g/m 3 was also tested in the field by collecting treated water samples monthly for 1-6 months after field application. Twenty five 3rd instar larvae of Aedes and Culex spp. of the same cohorts were used for bioassays and compared with larvae in control cups containing 1 L of untreated tap water. Results: Results revealed variations in fatality of different insect growth regulators (IGRs) to the 3rd instar larvae of Culex and Aedes mosquitoes. Among the IGRs, pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG was found best that exhibited significantly high emergence inhibition against Culex and Aedes spp. Based on the results, the IGRs were classified in terms of the tested parameters in order of pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG > pyriproxyfen 0.5 WDG > methoprene. In case of field studies, pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG, pool data of the entire target treated sites showed minimum adult emergence from water sampled of habitats treated with 0.1 g/m 3 of pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG. Conclusions: It is thus concluded that IGRs can be utilized as environment friendly control measures for Culex and Aedes spp. of mosquitoes on small and large scale. This will reduce the use of conventional insecticides by the public health authorities and help in reducing selection pressure of insecticides.

The present study was planned to investigate the population dynamics and habitats of economically... more The present study was planned to investigate the population dynamics and habitats of economically important mosquito species with special emphasis on Aedes spp., the dengue vector in Peshawar Valley during 2011-2012. Data were collected from different habitat types in Peshawar, Nowshera, Mardan and Charsadda. Efficacy of different synthetic and natural insecticides as well as IGRs was tested in various concentrations against the mosquito species. In the irradiation experiments various doses of Cobalt 60 were tested to determine the optimum dose for causing male sterility in Aedes albopictus. The result revealed that population of Culex spp. was highest in Peshawar and lowest in Charsadda. The mean abundance of Aedes albopictus was highest in Mardan and lowest in Charsadda. Culex spp. populations peaked during September-October while Aedes spp. during October-November. Highest mean abundance (5300) of the specimen was found in sewage water and lowest in flower pots (11). At all the tested sites sewage water was found more favorable for breeding of Culex spp. while, irrigation channels, scrap, water tanks and pot vases for Aedes spp. The ovitrap index revealed higher population of Culex spp. in the indoor while that of Aedes spp. in the outdoor location. The indoor ovitrap index of Culex spp. was highest in Mardan (16.05%) and lowest in Peshawar (9.38%). The outdoor ovitrap index of Aedes spp. was highest in Nowshera (19.3%) and lowest in Charsadda (7.83%). The vector control In Vitro experiments showed significant differences in larval and adult mortalities as affected by the different synthetic insecticides, IGRs and plant extracts tested in various concentrations. Spatial variation in the mortality of both larvae and adults were observed in response to the insecticides. This variable response might be due to the intra-specie genetic variations from selection pressure of insecticides resulting into the development of resistance in the mosquitoes. The IGRs exhibited LC 50 and LC 90 in range of 0.002 to 0.016 ppm and 0.008 to 0.115 ppm, respectively. The IGRs yielded significant inhibition (79 to 99.5%) in adult emergence in the 3 rd instars larvae of both Aedes and Culex spp. The IGRs were classified in terms of the tested parameters in order of Pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG > Pyriproxyfen 0.5 WDG > Methoprene. In the field experiments, Pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG @ 0.1g/m3 resulted in negligible adult emergence over a period of six months in water samples from different treated habitats. Crude plant extracts were tested for larvicidal activity against 3 rd and 4 th instars of Culex and Aedes spp. Parthenium showed lowest LC 50 (0.849-1.543%), LC 90 (1.875-2.882%) while Stevia extract the highest LC 50 (2.086-2.889%), LC 90 (5.836-8.533%) against the 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae of both the species after 24-48 hrs exposure periods. The larvicidal efficiency of plant extracts were ranked in order of Parthenium > Neem extract > Chrysanthemum > Neem oil > Stevia extract. The results of SIT experiments with Aedes albopictus revealed irradiation dose of 40-60 Gy as optimum for acceptable number of mating (7-8) of sterile males with wild female, negligible fecundity and subsequent hatching in no choice tests.

Insects

Dengue virus, transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, is the most important emerging viral disea... more Dengue virus, transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, is the most important emerging viral disease, infecting more than 50 million people annually. Currently used sticky traps are useful tools for monitoring and controlling Ae. aegypti. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the attraction of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes using various colors, materials and insecticides. The laboratory and field assessed the four different colors of ovitraps (blue, green, black and transparent). Among the tested ovitraps, the black ovitraps showed the highest number of eggs (348.8) in the laboratory and maximum eggs (80.0) in field trials. In addition, six different materials (casein, urea, yeast, fish meal, chicken meal and water) were also used to evaluate mosquito’s attraction. In our results, the highest number of eggs were collected with fish meal having 0.5% concentration in both laboratory (195.17) and the field (100.7). In laboratory trials, the Deltamethrin treated ovitraps (treated with...

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2015

The study on different life parameters of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) on eggs of Sitotroga cere... more The study on different life parameters of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) on eggs of Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) fed on old and new varieties of wheat, maize and sorghum revealed that S. cerealella adult’s emergence was higher (88 adults) on wheat new variety (Atta Habib). In old varieties, T. chilonis parasitism was highest (41.20%) on wheat, while lowest (34.80%) on sorghum. On new varieties, parasitism was minimum (44.60%) on wheat, while maximum (59.80%) on maize. The T. chilonis adult’s emergence (85.40%) was highest on eggs derived from wheat old variety, whereas, in new varieties, lowest adults emergence of 73.20% was recorded in wheat. The T. chilonis male’s emergence was highest (41.40%) on maize old variety, while lowest (34.20%) on wheat old variety. On new varieties, male’s emergence of 22.80 was recorded on wheat, whereas value of 30.40 was recorded for maize and sorghum. The results revealed that maximum parasitism and adults emergence by the wasp were observed in mai...

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2012

The aim of the present study was the formulation and evaluation of controlled release polymeric t... more The aim of the present study was the formulation and evaluation of controlled release polymeric tablets of Diclofenac Potassium by wet granulation method for the release rate, release pattern and the mechanism involved in drug release. Formulations having three grades of polymer Ethocel (7P; 7FP, 10P, 10FP, 100P, 100FP) in several drugs to polymer ratios (10:3 and 10:1) were compressed into tablets using wet granulation method. Co-excipients were added to some selected formulations to investigate their enhancement effect on in vitro drug release patterns. In vitro drug release studies were performed using USP Method-1 (Rotating Basket method) and Phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) was used as a dissolution medium. The similarities and dissimilarities of release profiles of test formulations with reference standard were checked using f2 similarity factor and f1 dissimilarity factor. Mathematical/Kinetic models were employed to determine the release mechanism and drug release kinetics.

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 2021

Materials and Methods Morphological terminology follows Dietrich (2005). The specimens were obser... more Materials and Methods Morphological terminology follows Dietrich (2005). The specimens were observed and dissected under a stereo microscope (Zoom, 2000, Leica) for studying genital characters like pygofer, aedeagus, connective, Abstract | The Oriental leafhopper genus Parallygus Melichar, 1903 is reported for the first time from North Western Part of Pakistan with redescription of habitus and male genitalia of Parallygus rameshi Viraktamath and Webb, 2012. A worldwide checklist with distribution for species of genus Parallygus Melichar is also provided.

PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF …, 2005

Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2003

Pakistan is confronting a chronic scarcity of domestic edible oil requirements. One of the major ... more Pakistan is confronting a chronic scarcity of domestic edible oil requirements. One of the major issues with brassica oil seed production is the water requirement of the brassica crop. Field experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangements at Malakandher Research Farm Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University Peshawar Pakistan to study the effect of different levels of irrigation and potassium on seed protein content of Brassica. Four varieties Wester, Rainbow, Oscar and Legend were selected on the basis of their good response to potassium application in water stress conditions. The data revealed that maximum seed protein content (21.98%) was observed in those treatments where 100% irrigation level was applied and minimum seed protein content (19.37%) was produced by plants where 60% irrigation level was applied. Maximum seed protein content (21%) was in plants treated with 120 kg K ha-1 and minimum seed protein content (20.14%) with...

2013 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE), 2013

ABSTRACT Pre-timed traffic signals are inefficient in optimizing the traffic flow throughout the ... more ABSTRACT Pre-timed traffic signals are inefficient in optimizing the traffic flow throughout the day, resulting in greater waiting times at the intersections particularly in congested urban areas during peak hours. Traffic actuated signals use real time traffic data obtained from sensors at the intersections to service queues intelligently. We developed a test bed for the real time evaluation of adaptive traffic light control algorithms using the microscopic traffic simulation open source software, SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility), and the AVR 32-bit microcontroller. An interface was developed between SUMO and the AVR microcontroller in which we used the simulation data generated by SUMO as an input to the microcontroller which executed the scheduling algorithms and sent commands back to SUMO for changing the states of the traffic signals accordingly. We implemented four scheduling algorithms in SUMO through the AVR microcontroller, the effect of the algorithms on the traffic network was studied using SUMO and execution times of the scheduling algorithms were measured using the AVR microcontroller. Through this interface, scheduling algorithms can be evaluated more effectively and accurately as compared to the case in which the algorithms are fed with data using pseudo random number generators.

... Antifungal, Insecticidal, Cytotoxicity, and Phytotoxicity Studies of Binuclear Ni(II) and Cu(... more ... Antifungal, Insecticidal, Cytotoxicity, and Phytotoxicity Studies of Binuclear Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes of Diclofenac. Auteur(s) / Author(s). MUHAMMAD FARID KHAN ; FAZAL-UR-REHMAN ;GUL MAJID KHAN ; KHAN Inamullah ; IBAD Farooq ; Revue / Journal Title. ...

International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2017

Monitoring of insecticides susceptibility is one of the most important tools for determination of... more Monitoring of insecticides susceptibility is one of the most important tools for determination of success or failure of vector control programs. The study indicates the susceptibility status in the field population of dengue vector; Aedes albopictus. Larvae/adults samples of Aedes albopictus were collected from various habitats at various locations with history of insecticides usage from four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa viz., Peshawar, Nowshera, Mardan and Charsadda districts and were tested in Vitro against commonly used public health insecticides, viz., chlorpyrifos (50%EC), deltamethrin (0.05% EC), lambdacyhalothrin (0.05% EC) and temephos (2%SG) as per WHO protocols. The toxicity range of insecticides trend observed was found in the order of temephos (97.31) > lambdacyhalothrin (93.70%) > deltamethrin (92.31%) > chloropyrifos and (86.48%) that highlights the mosquitoes’ resistance in areas with high selection pressure of agricultural and public health pesticides.

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 2014

Entomological surveillance study was conducted in four selected sites; Peshawar, Nowshera, Mardan... more Entomological surveillance study was conducted in four selected sites; Peshawar, Nowshera, Mardan and Charsadda of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2012-13 for development of ultimate control strategies of mosquito breeding in outdoor habitats. Larvae were collected from various mosquito breeding habitats such as irrigation channels, irrigation water leakages, pots, vase, tyres, temporary containers stagnant flood waters, etc. Ovitraps were used as monitoring tools in urban areas of the selected sites. Results showed that mosquitoes are active throughout the year with their most active season during May, September and October. The mean relative abundance of Culex species in different districts were: Peshawar (32.3), Nowshera (18.8), Mardan (20.3) and Charsadda (21.0). Higher numbers of Aedes mosquitoes were observed in Nowshera (19.3), Peshawar (16.4), Charsadda (13.1), and Mardan (9.8), respectively. Mean monthly positive ovitraps of species was high in May and October collected...

The experiment was conducted to exploit nutrition for sex separation in Culex quinquefasciatus at... more The experiment was conducted to exploit nutrition for sex separation in Culex quinquefasciatus at Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar during 2015. Seven different diets with various concentrations comprising of carbohydrates and protein sources in individual/mixed form were compared with standard diet of IAEA. Maximum pupae size of 3.00 and 3.51 mm for male, 4.01 and 4.40 mm for female, adult’s emergence of 45.15 and 70.10% for male were recorded when IAEA diet was tested at 1 and 2% concentration, respectively. Female adult’s emergence of 55.17 and 60.25% was recorded when chickpea was fed to larvae at both the concentrations, respectively. Shorter larval period of 7.06 and 7.00 days was noted in larvae nourished by IAEA diet at both concentrations, respectively. Carbohydrates based diet favored male size while, protein skewed in favor of female. It is concluded that the finding on the sexual dimorphism can be exploited for the sex separation of Culex and ot...

Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of seven insecticides, i.e., Fyfenon 57EC, Curacr... more Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of seven insecticides, i.e., Fyfenon 57EC, Curacron 500EC, Thiodan 35EC, Lorsban 40EC, Regent 5%SC, Ematac 1.9EC and Confidor 20SC in plum orchard for reducing the gummosis damage induced by Peach flat-headed borer. The mean density of new gum points /m2 on bark surface area treated with Confidor 20SC @ (30 ml/ 10 L) was significantly lower (7.55) followed by Thiodan 35EC (7.80) applied @ (50 ml/ 10 L), as compared to the untreated control (40.49). ). In trees that received two applications, the mean density of new gum points/m2 of bark surface area were significantly lower (11.24) as compared to the trees that were sprayed once (15.86). Highest percent reduction in gummosis was offered by Confidor 20SC (81.4%) followed by Thiodan 35EC (80.7%), whereas the lowest by Curacron 500EC (70.4%). It is suggested that two sprays of Confidor 20SC (imidacloprid) can successfully reduce gummosis damage caused by this pest.

The present studies were designed to develop long term sustainable strategies for the control of ... more The present studies were designed to develop long term sustainable strategies for the control of dengue vector in Pakistan. Mosquitoes were separated into males and females based on sexual dimorphism at the pupal stage. Ten transparent plastic bottle having 100 male pupae each were exposed to different radiation doses i.e. 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 Gy by Cobalt 60 irradiation source. For Culex spp highest emergence of 90.50% was achieved with dose of 60 Gy and highest deformity of 25.25% was noted with 100 Gy. Aedes spp showed highest emergence (91.25%) and deformity (29.75%) with 60 Gy and 100 Gy, respectively. The mating frequency was acceptable at optimum doses of 40-60 Gy radiation. The radiation dose of 100 Gy yielded lowest adult emergence and highest deformity in the mosquito’s species. The dose of 40-60 Gy was determined as the optimum dose for initiation male sterility required for SIT program.

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research

13 for development of ultimate control strategies of mosquito breeding in outdoor habitats. Larva... more 13 for development of ultimate control strategies of mosquito breeding in outdoor habitats. Larvae were collected from various mosquito breeding habitats such as irrigation channels, irrigation water leakages, pots, vase, tyres, temporary containers stagnant flood waters, etc. Ovitraps were used as monitoring tools in urban areas of the selected sites. Results showed that mosquitoes are active throughout the year with their most active season during May, September and October. The mean relative abundance of Culex species in different districts were:

Extract of five indigenous plants viz. Mentha longifolia (Mint), Momordica charantia (Bitter Gour... more Extract of five indigenous plants viz. Mentha longifolia (Mint), Momordica charantia (Bitter Gourd), Luffa aegyptiaca (Sponge Gourd), Carum copticum (Ajwain) and Curcuma longa (Turmeric) were tested at different concentrations of 25, 50 and 75% to check their repellency effect against Rhyzopertha dominica during 10 days of exposure. Complete repellency was exhibited by Mentha longifolia followed by Momordica charantia (90%), Luffa aegyptiaca (80%), Carum copticum (76.67%) and Curcuma longa (66.67%) at 75% dose rate. Thus, it can be inferred that the natural plant extracts can prove the best alternatives to chemical repellents.

Science Postprint, 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate in-vitro larvicidal property of botanical oils of brassica, Br... more ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate in-vitro larvicidal property of botanical oils of brassica, Brassica campestris L., mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, clove, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et L.M.Perry, eucalyptus, Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, turpentine Pinus sylvestris L., neem Azadirachta indica A.Juss., and mineral kerosene oils against 4th instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 and test their time dependent repellency/attractancy in the field ovitraps. Methods: Larvicidal properties of various plant oils and mineral kerosene oil was investigated using 4th instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus in dose dependent experiments in the water media while their attractancy/repellency was tested in the field ovitraps over time. Results: T he fiducial l imits for LC90 values at t he 48 h for cinnamon, t urpentine a nd kerosene oils were overlapping a nd t herefore, not significantly different (p <0.05) from each other. Equal toxicity of these oils was indicative that kerosene oil can be replaced with environment friendly botanical oils for the control of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. The positive oviposition activity index (OAI) of traps treated with eucalyptus, cinnamon, and turpentine oils indicated that these oils were attractive after two weeks of application while neem was repellent to Culex mosquitoes. Conclusion: Oils of cinnamon, eucalyptus and turpentine are fatal to the larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and act as attractant to the adults for oviposition and therefore, may be good candidates for using in the “attract and kill” strategy of mosquitoes control programs.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2016

To test the relative efficacy of pyriproxyfen and methoprene on mortality, deformity, inhibition ... more To test the relative efficacy of pyriproxyfen and methoprene on mortality, deformity, inhibition and emergence to adult stages of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus. Methods: Serial dilutions (0.01-0.05 mg/L) of methoprene, pyriproxyfen 0.5 water dispersible granules (WDG) and pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG were used to assess mortality and inhibition of 3rd instar larvae of Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus. Each concentration and control was replicated four times in completely randomized design. Data on larval mortality, growth inhibition, deformities and adult's emergence was recorded weekly. On the basis of best comparative performance, the efficacy of pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG at 0.1 g/m 3 was also tested in the field by collecting treated water samples monthly for 1-6 months after field application. Twenty five 3rd instar larvae of Aedes and Culex spp. of the same cohorts were used for bioassays and compared with larvae in control cups containing 1 L of untreated tap water. Results: Results revealed variations in fatality of different insect growth regulators (IGRs) to the 3rd instar larvae of Culex and Aedes mosquitoes. Among the IGRs, pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG was found best that exhibited significantly high emergence inhibition against Culex and Aedes spp. Based on the results, the IGRs were classified in terms of the tested parameters in order of pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG > pyriproxyfen 0.5 WDG > methoprene. In case of field studies, pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG, pool data of the entire target treated sites showed minimum adult emergence from water sampled of habitats treated with 0.1 g/m 3 of pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG. Conclusions: It is thus concluded that IGRs can be utilized as environment friendly control measures for Culex and Aedes spp. of mosquitoes on small and large scale. This will reduce the use of conventional insecticides by the public health authorities and help in reducing selection pressure of insecticides.