Hamida Khanum - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Hamida Khanum
Bangladesh Journal of Scientific …, 1992
A total of 260 Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) were examined for a nematode camallanid parasite C... more A total of 260 Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) were examined for a nematode camallanid parasite Canallanus heteropneustus Ali 1956, during October, 1988 - September, 1989. The parasite was collected from stomach and intestine of the host and only 41 fish were found infected ...
University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University, 2013
Parasitic infection is a global health problem especially in developing countries. Municipal wast... more Parasitic infection is a global health problem especially in developing countries. Municipal wastewaters always contain cysts of parasitic protozoans at some level. The present study was conducted to detect protozoan parasites in different stages of the treatment plant to check its efficacy. Wastewaters were collected from 3 points of the Pagla Sewage Treatent Plant (PSTP) of Dhaka, Bangladesh, throughout the year, 2007-08 at fortnight intervals. Giardia spp., Entamoeba spp., Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Idoamoeba butschlii and Balantidium coli were detected at different times in different stages of the treatment plant. Among these Giardia and Entamoeba spp. were found most frequently than others. Both the prevalence and dominance of protozoan parasites were reduced gradually with the sampling point of the treatment plant which means that the treatment plant was effective in reducing protozoan parasites but not too effective to eliminate them completely.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10....
Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research, Nov 29, 2022
Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research, Mar 9, 2023
The present study was carried out during the months of June 2021 to May 2022 to observe the preva... more The present study was carried out during the months of June 2021 to May 2022 to observe the prevalence of eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal parasites in the nails of the vendors and rickshaw pullers within Dhaka city. Out of 200 individuals examined, 64% were with the helminth parasites in their fingernails. The prevalence of helminth parasite in the left hand of rickshaw pullers (75.45%) was higher, as they belong to an underprivileged community and their sanitary condition was poor and they were not aware of their personal hygiene. The vendors who lived in the house had a comparatively low rate of infection (46.95%) but those who lived in the street area had a higher rate of infection (87.05%). The vendors who used to wash their hands before taking meals and after defecation with soap and water had lower prevalence of infection (18.60%) and those who regularly cut their nails had the lowest rate of infection (15.78%). In nail samples of vendors and rickshaw pullers, the prevalence of Ascaris lumbrocoides was 64%, Ancylostoma was 55%, Trichuris trichiura was 36.50%, Strongylosides stercoralis was 32.50%. The prevalence of helminth parasites was higher in the rainy season (75.71%) and lower in the summer season (50%).
Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Jan 28, 2021
Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research, Jan 11, 2022
Primates are noticed to be one of the severely threatened animals in the world, with approximatel... more Primates are noticed to be one of the severely threatened animals in the world, with approximately 50% of species currently at risk of extinction (IUCN [43]). More than 70% of primates are classified on the IUCN Red List as critically endangered, which in the near future they could disappear forever from Asia (IUNC [44]). Therefore, there is a growing recognition that it is very significant to better understand infectious disease dynamics in wild primate populations (Chapman, et al. [1,2]). Parasites play a significant role in the ecosystems, influencing the ecology and evolution of species interactions, host population growth and regulation (Hudson, et al.
Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research, May 5, 2021
The hospital-acquired infections are among major causes of death and increased morbidity in devel... more The hospital-acquired infections are among major causes of death and increased morbidity in developed and developing countries resulting to significant burden both for patients as well as public health. Drug resistance is an emerging issue in modern health care. Through this study it was targeted to evaluate, which of the major agents is responsible for infections in the different areas of the body, and which age group and gender are most affected. In 2019, a cross sectional study was carried out among 121 respondents (patients admitted in Cardiac Surgery Department in United Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh) to assess microbial infections among the admitted patients. The present study was targeted to evaluate, which of the major agents is responsible for infections in the different areas of the body, and which age group and gender are most affected. The study results shows 33.1% aged 61-70 years. 50.4% of normal body weight. Multidrug resistance was found in 3 out of 4 type of organisms. Namely Candida. Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and E coli. The only significant correlation was found between advancement of age with growth of Klebsiella. Microbial infections and their antimicrobial sensitivity profile were assessed by frequency and significance level of p value <0.05 was used for statistical analysis (considered as significance), unless specifically mentioned. the 2 nd and 3 rd generation Cephalosporin was resistant in 100% of Klebsiella and Pseudomonas positive culture. The only significant correlation was found between advancement of age with growth of Klebsiella. The study found that alarming rate of multidrug resistance present in the organism found in various culture media. This may potentially be useful for future protocol generation and safety measurement applied to patient admitted in cardiac surgery department. All data were analysed using SPSS software versions of 16.0 (SPSS Inc.
Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research, Sep 12, 2022
BJSTR. MS.ID.007301. The current study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and intensit... more BJSTR. MS.ID.007301. The current study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and intensity of helminth parasites in Macrognathus aculeatus procured from Swarighat and Keraniganj fish ghat of Dhaka. A total specimen of 35 Macrognathus aculeatus were autopsied during July 2019 to March 2020. Total 35 fishes were examined, of which 20 were infected with 68 parasites. The overall prevalence and intensity were found as 57.14% and 3.4±0.11 respectively. The prevalence of infestation in male and female were 57.9% and 56.25% respectively. Intensity was higher (4±0.24) in male than (2.67±0.184) in female. Macrognathus aculeatus were infected by 2 trematode (Acanthocolpus indicus and Octangioides sp.) and Octangioides sp. identified as new record of helminth sp., which is commonly a parasite found in reptiles. Regarding infestation in relation to three different length groups of host fish, indicating higher prevalence and intensity in lower length group (6-10.5 cm). Infection was negative and moderately correlated (r=-0.241) with length and not statistically significant. Young, aged male displayed high infection rate than female. Higher prevalence and intensity of infestation observed in intermediate weight group (100-200gm), here infection was moderate and negatively correlated (r=-0.489) with weight and statistically significant. Among various visceral organs, intestine possessed highest parasite burden. Metabronema magnum showed 100% prevalence in intestine. Male fish had the highest prevalence in rainy season and lowest in summer while, female had the highest in winter and low in rainy season. considerable economic impairment in the form of mortality, stunted
I ntestinal helminth infections are widespread among children in the tropics and subtropics. Thes... more I ntestinal helminth infections are widespread among children in the tropics and subtropics. These infections are rarely fatal but they may impair growth, physical fitness, cognition, and reduce school attendance and performance. [1,2] Children between 5−14 years of age in developing countries are especially at risk of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections. [3] More than 500 million people are infected with trichuriasis, ascariasis, or hookworm infections globally. These infections are classified among the seven of the most common neglected tropical infectious diseases that afflict the bottom billion because of their high prevalence and amenability to control. [4] Because it
Bangladesh Journal of Zoology, Jun 18, 2023
The present study aimed to measure the prevalence of intestinal parasites among children with gas... more The present study aimed to measure the prevalence of intestinal parasites among children with gastrointestinal tract infections from different slum areas of Dhaka. Furthermore, a comparison was made of the accuracy of direct smear (DS) and formol-ether concentration (FEC) techniques in the detection of infection. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 72.46% with a combined method. By direct smear, 2 species of protozoa (11.59%), 2 species of cestode (5.07%) and 4 species of nematode (18.12%) parasites were detected whereas by formol-ether concentration method, 5 species of protozoa (28.26%), 1 species of Trematode (1.44%), 2 species of cestode (17.39%) and 5 species of nematode (79.71%) parasites were detected. By direct smear (DS) and formol-ether concentration (FEC) the prevalence of intestinal parasites was 42% and 58% respectively. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common parasite detected by both formol-ether concentration (37.68%) and direct smear method (7.97%). A statistically significant association (P < 0.001) was found between the test methods, age groups and months with parasitic infection. Direct smear showed less sensitivity than formol-ether concentration technique (100%). The diagnostic performance of formol-ether technique for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites in slum children was remarkably higher as related to direct smear in the present study. Therefore, the DS and FEC combined techniques should be used as routine investigative techniques for the identification of intestinal parasites. Henceforth, it is advantageous to use the formol-ether method to complement the direct smear method.
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, Nov 29, 2022
Introduction: Malaria is a significant global health concern and adversely affects people in deve... more Introduction: Malaria is a significant global health concern and adversely affects people in developing countries including Bangladesh. The causative agent Plasmodium falciparum is resistant to several currently available anti-malarial drugs, such as mefloquine, chloroquine, and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), and this has been a major global challenge towards the control of the disease. There is urgent need for novel anti-malarial chemotherapeutic agents. Methodology: The present study aimed to evaluate antimalarial activity of methanolic extracts of three Bangladeshi medicinal plants-Acorus calamus, Dichapetalum gelonioides and Leucas aspera-against both chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and resistant (Dd2) strains of P. falciparum. Histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) based ELISA was used to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of the extracts. Results: D. gelonioides extract showed moderate (IC50 = 19.15 µg/mL) and promising activity (IC50 = 10.43 µg/mL) against 3D7 and Dd2 strains respectively. A. calamus remained inactive against both 3D7 (IC50 = 72.29 µg/mL) and Dd2 strain (IC50 = 67.81 µg/mL). L. aspera initially remained inactive against 3D7 strain (IC50 = 60.51 µg/mL), but displayed promising activity (IC50 = 7.693) against Dd2 strain. Conclusions: This is the first time these plant materials have been assessed for their in vitro antimalarial properties. It is pivotal to conduct further phytochemical analysis of D. gelonioides and L. aspera to evaluate the presence of potential novel antimalarial drug compounds.
IJID Regions
Aim: To assess the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections and associated risk factors among... more Aim: To assess the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections and associated risk factors among people living in urban slums in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted across three clusters: Dhaka, Sylhet and Chattogram. In total, 360 individuals divided into two groups (school-aged children and adults) provided stool samples and completed a semi-structured questionnaire. Parasitological assessment was performed using the formol-ether concentration technique. Results: Overall, 31.7% (114/360) of participants had helminthiasis, with 13.3% (48/360) having mixed infections. Among the infected participants, school-aged children had a higher rate of infection (41.7%, 75/180) compared with adults (21.7%, 39/180). Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant parasite, followed by hookworms, Trichuris trichiura, Hymenolepis nana, Enterobius vermicularis and Rhabditis sp. Parasitic infections were significantly associated with type of latrine used, direct exposure to soil, open defaecation, and presence of freeroaming animals. Conclusion: Despite continuous efforts to control helminthiasis, a substantial proportion of the study participants were infected with intestinal helminths. Ignorance of the roles of the environment and animals was influential, and had a negative impact on existing control interventions. An integrated public health and veterinary public health approach is required for sustainable control of intestinal helminthiasis.
Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences, 1970
The need for a more sensitive and time-efficient assay for malaria has led to the development of ... more The need for a more sensitive and time-efficient assay for malaria has led to the development of molecular assays involving real-time PCR (qPCR), a procedure that has the potential to detect low levels of parasitemia, identify mixed infections, and allow for precise differentiation of species via melting curve analysis or TaqMan fluorescence-labeled probes. Since the first study published in 2001 at least 17 assays have been developed, most of them using SSUrRNA as the target gene. We used qPCR to detect Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax by amplification of mtDNA; this technique was evaluated on whole-blood samples from people living in areas of malaria transmission in the Brazilian Amazon region located in the area of inclusion of highway BR-163 (Cuiabá-Santarém) in Pará State: São Luiz do Tapajós, a municipal district of Itaituba (N = 74); Três Boeiras, a municipal district of Trairão (N = 134), and São Raimundo, a municipal district of Aveiro (N = 62). The results from the real-time PCR-based method were compared to conventional microscopy and to ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 11 (3): 3409-3413 (2012) C.R.T. Souza et al. an established mtDNA-PCR assay. The qPCR (mtDNA) method was 16-19 times more efficient than the conventional PCR (mtDNA) and microscopy for detecting plasmodial infections.
Bangladesh J. Zool., 2017
A cross sectional parasitological study was conducted among the underprivileged children of Begun... more A cross sectional parasitological study was conducted among the underprivileged children of Begun Bari slum, Tejgaon, Dhaka during January 2015 to December 2016. Fecal samples were collected and then processed through formaldehyde-ether concentration technique. Prevalent helminths were Ascaris lumbricoides (27.68%), Trichuris trichiura (21.57%) and Taenia saginata (18.24%). Male children were at high risk for helminth infection than females. The highest prevalence of A. lumbricoides (42.11%) was observed among the children aged 10-12 years and T. saginata (35.71%) among 13-15 years. The prevalence of A. lumbricoides (23%) was the uppermost in the winter (23%) and the lowest in the rainy season (4.3%). Children of illiterate mothers (91.89%), bare footers (76.03%) and mud floor residents (76.43%) were more prone to helminth infections (p < 0.05).
Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
Viral hepatitis, caused by infection with one hepatitis viruses, is a major public health problem... more Viral hepatitis, caused by infection with one hepatitis viruses, is a major public health problem worldwide. Infection with hepatitis viruses causes a significant disease burden in the SouthEast Asia Region, in the form of both acute and chronic hepatitis, with approximately 500 000 deaths annually in the Region [1]. Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver in response to infection or toxin. The condition can be self-limiting or can progress to fibrosis (scarring), cirrhosis or liver cancer. Hepatitis viruses are the most common cause of hepatitis in the world but other infections, toxic substances (e.g., alcohol, certain drugs), and autoimmune diseases can also cause hepatitis [2]. Viral infections of the liver that are classified as viral hepatitis include hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E.A different virus is responsible for each type of virally transmitted hepatitis [3]. Excessive alcohol consumption is sometimes referred to as alcoholic hepatitis. The alcohol directly injures the cells of the liver. Other toxic causes of hepatitis include overuse or overdose of medications and exposure to poisons. It's three times more common in women than in men. When symptoms appear, they usually do so about 15 to 180 days after the person has become infected. Patient outcomes after the acute ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
The present study was performed to find out the prevalence of parasites and bacteria from cow dun... more The present study was performed to find out the prevalence of parasites and bacteria from cow dung and pit soil from 4 different areas of Bangladesh. Modified centrifugal flotation and conventional culture techniques were used to isolate parasites and bacteria respectively. In case of cow dung, Mymensing was provided with highest average for all studied bacteria. Total coliforms, feacal coliforms and Escherichia coli were 100% prevalent but enterococci were 97.5% prevalent. 40% cattle were found infected with one or more intestinal parasites. The highest prevalence of parasites was 32.5% for both Trichostrongylus and coccidians. Overall intensity was highest for coccidian cysts (127.17) and lowest for Toxocara (13.5). On the other hand, in pit soil total colioforms, faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli were at highest average log10 value in Hazaribagh, where enterococci in Dohar. 85% prevalence of total coliforms, feacal coliforms and Escherichia coli were found along with 82.5% pr...
The present study was conducted on 697 diabetic and 603 non-diabetic peoples (aged 25-75 years) i... more The present study was conducted on 697 diabetic and 603 non-diabetic peoples (aged 25-75 years) in the Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Health Science (BIHS) Hospital, Mirpur, in Dhaka to investigate their association with protozoan infestation. The use of appropriate technique plays an important role in the detection of the parasitic infections. ELISA with blood samples, formol-ether concentration technique (F-ECT) and zinc sulphate method (Z-SFM) were applied to faecal samples for the detection of prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia. Out of 697 diabetic patients, by ELISA 15.93% and 17.65% were found infected by E. histolytica and G. lamblia; while out of 603 non-diabetic individuals 27.53% and 28.03% were infected by E. histolytica and G. lamblia; respectively. According to the results of F-ECT on diabetic patients, 26.83% and 28.41%, on non-diabetic individuals 34.66% and 34.99% were found infected by E. histolytica and G. lamblia; respectively. The result...
Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 2021
The main objective was to determine the prevalence of the fungal skin diseases and explore the re... more The main objective was to determine the prevalence of the fungal skin diseases and explore the related factors including demographical, personal hygiene aspect and socioeconomic status of the patients, the study was performed at the Dermatology Departments of three tertiary care hospitals. Collection of skin samples and personal interviews of patients were followed by laboratory confirmation of the diseases and their pathogens were completed by direct microscopy and culture. Among 800 patients, 310 patients had fungal infection with highest prevalence [38.75%] where ringworm [81.61%] and Oral candidiasis [2.9%] were highest and lowest. Onchomycosis [27.41%] had highest prevalence among ringworm patients. In case of factors, summer season [59.68%], married [71.93%], secondary education [36.45%], 12000-20000tk monthly [38.06%] and upper-middle class status [38.06%], Muslims [86.13%], businessmen [39.73%], urban areas [69.35%], tap water [69.35%], recurrent infections [62.9%] and overcrowding of family [66.13%] had higher prevalence of fungal infections of skin. This research would add to the scientific literature and health policies as unlike other studies it has specifically evaluated the prevalence of fungal skin diseases of an urban city with associated factors in Bangladesh. on skin is very frequent due to some environmental, natural,
Bangladesh Journal of Scientific …, 1992
A total of 260 Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) were examined for a nematode camallanid parasite C... more A total of 260 Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) were examined for a nematode camallanid parasite Canallanus heteropneustus Ali 1956, during October, 1988 - September, 1989. The parasite was collected from stomach and intestine of the host and only 41 fish were found infected ...
University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University, 2013
Parasitic infection is a global health problem especially in developing countries. Municipal wast... more Parasitic infection is a global health problem especially in developing countries. Municipal wastewaters always contain cysts of parasitic protozoans at some level. The present study was conducted to detect protozoan parasites in different stages of the treatment plant to check its efficacy. Wastewaters were collected from 3 points of the Pagla Sewage Treatent Plant (PSTP) of Dhaka, Bangladesh, throughout the year, 2007-08 at fortnight intervals. Giardia spp., Entamoeba spp., Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Idoamoeba butschlii and Balantidium coli were detected at different times in different stages of the treatment plant. Among these Giardia and Entamoeba spp. were found most frequently than others. Both the prevalence and dominance of protozoan parasites were reduced gradually with the sampling point of the treatment plant which means that the treatment plant was effective in reducing protozoan parasites but not too effective to eliminate them completely.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10....
Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research, Nov 29, 2022
Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research, Mar 9, 2023
The present study was carried out during the months of June 2021 to May 2022 to observe the preva... more The present study was carried out during the months of June 2021 to May 2022 to observe the prevalence of eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal parasites in the nails of the vendors and rickshaw pullers within Dhaka city. Out of 200 individuals examined, 64% were with the helminth parasites in their fingernails. The prevalence of helminth parasite in the left hand of rickshaw pullers (75.45%) was higher, as they belong to an underprivileged community and their sanitary condition was poor and they were not aware of their personal hygiene. The vendors who lived in the house had a comparatively low rate of infection (46.95%) but those who lived in the street area had a higher rate of infection (87.05%). The vendors who used to wash their hands before taking meals and after defecation with soap and water had lower prevalence of infection (18.60%) and those who regularly cut their nails had the lowest rate of infection (15.78%). In nail samples of vendors and rickshaw pullers, the prevalence of Ascaris lumbrocoides was 64%, Ancylostoma was 55%, Trichuris trichiura was 36.50%, Strongylosides stercoralis was 32.50%. The prevalence of helminth parasites was higher in the rainy season (75.71%) and lower in the summer season (50%).
Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Jan 28, 2021
Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research, Jan 11, 2022
Primates are noticed to be one of the severely threatened animals in the world, with approximatel... more Primates are noticed to be one of the severely threatened animals in the world, with approximately 50% of species currently at risk of extinction (IUCN [43]). More than 70% of primates are classified on the IUCN Red List as critically endangered, which in the near future they could disappear forever from Asia (IUNC [44]). Therefore, there is a growing recognition that it is very significant to better understand infectious disease dynamics in wild primate populations (Chapman, et al. [1,2]). Parasites play a significant role in the ecosystems, influencing the ecology and evolution of species interactions, host population growth and regulation (Hudson, et al.
Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research, May 5, 2021
The hospital-acquired infections are among major causes of death and increased morbidity in devel... more The hospital-acquired infections are among major causes of death and increased morbidity in developed and developing countries resulting to significant burden both for patients as well as public health. Drug resistance is an emerging issue in modern health care. Through this study it was targeted to evaluate, which of the major agents is responsible for infections in the different areas of the body, and which age group and gender are most affected. In 2019, a cross sectional study was carried out among 121 respondents (patients admitted in Cardiac Surgery Department in United Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh) to assess microbial infections among the admitted patients. The present study was targeted to evaluate, which of the major agents is responsible for infections in the different areas of the body, and which age group and gender are most affected. The study results shows 33.1% aged 61-70 years. 50.4% of normal body weight. Multidrug resistance was found in 3 out of 4 type of organisms. Namely Candida. Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and E coli. The only significant correlation was found between advancement of age with growth of Klebsiella. Microbial infections and their antimicrobial sensitivity profile were assessed by frequency and significance level of p value <0.05 was used for statistical analysis (considered as significance), unless specifically mentioned. the 2 nd and 3 rd generation Cephalosporin was resistant in 100% of Klebsiella and Pseudomonas positive culture. The only significant correlation was found between advancement of age with growth of Klebsiella. The study found that alarming rate of multidrug resistance present in the organism found in various culture media. This may potentially be useful for future protocol generation and safety measurement applied to patient admitted in cardiac surgery department. All data were analysed using SPSS software versions of 16.0 (SPSS Inc.
Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research, Sep 12, 2022
BJSTR. MS.ID.007301. The current study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and intensit... more BJSTR. MS.ID.007301. The current study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and intensity of helminth parasites in Macrognathus aculeatus procured from Swarighat and Keraniganj fish ghat of Dhaka. A total specimen of 35 Macrognathus aculeatus were autopsied during July 2019 to March 2020. Total 35 fishes were examined, of which 20 were infected with 68 parasites. The overall prevalence and intensity were found as 57.14% and 3.4±0.11 respectively. The prevalence of infestation in male and female were 57.9% and 56.25% respectively. Intensity was higher (4±0.24) in male than (2.67±0.184) in female. Macrognathus aculeatus were infected by 2 trematode (Acanthocolpus indicus and Octangioides sp.) and Octangioides sp. identified as new record of helminth sp., which is commonly a parasite found in reptiles. Regarding infestation in relation to three different length groups of host fish, indicating higher prevalence and intensity in lower length group (6-10.5 cm). Infection was negative and moderately correlated (r=-0.241) with length and not statistically significant. Young, aged male displayed high infection rate than female. Higher prevalence and intensity of infestation observed in intermediate weight group (100-200gm), here infection was moderate and negatively correlated (r=-0.489) with weight and statistically significant. Among various visceral organs, intestine possessed highest parasite burden. Metabronema magnum showed 100% prevalence in intestine. Male fish had the highest prevalence in rainy season and lowest in summer while, female had the highest in winter and low in rainy season. considerable economic impairment in the form of mortality, stunted
I ntestinal helminth infections are widespread among children in the tropics and subtropics. Thes... more I ntestinal helminth infections are widespread among children in the tropics and subtropics. These infections are rarely fatal but they may impair growth, physical fitness, cognition, and reduce school attendance and performance. [1,2] Children between 5−14 years of age in developing countries are especially at risk of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections. [3] More than 500 million people are infected with trichuriasis, ascariasis, or hookworm infections globally. These infections are classified among the seven of the most common neglected tropical infectious diseases that afflict the bottom billion because of their high prevalence and amenability to control. [4] Because it
Bangladesh Journal of Zoology, Jun 18, 2023
The present study aimed to measure the prevalence of intestinal parasites among children with gas... more The present study aimed to measure the prevalence of intestinal parasites among children with gastrointestinal tract infections from different slum areas of Dhaka. Furthermore, a comparison was made of the accuracy of direct smear (DS) and formol-ether concentration (FEC) techniques in the detection of infection. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 72.46% with a combined method. By direct smear, 2 species of protozoa (11.59%), 2 species of cestode (5.07%) and 4 species of nematode (18.12%) parasites were detected whereas by formol-ether concentration method, 5 species of protozoa (28.26%), 1 species of Trematode (1.44%), 2 species of cestode (17.39%) and 5 species of nematode (79.71%) parasites were detected. By direct smear (DS) and formol-ether concentration (FEC) the prevalence of intestinal parasites was 42% and 58% respectively. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common parasite detected by both formol-ether concentration (37.68%) and direct smear method (7.97%). A statistically significant association (P < 0.001) was found between the test methods, age groups and months with parasitic infection. Direct smear showed less sensitivity than formol-ether concentration technique (100%). The diagnostic performance of formol-ether technique for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites in slum children was remarkably higher as related to direct smear in the present study. Therefore, the DS and FEC combined techniques should be used as routine investigative techniques for the identification of intestinal parasites. Henceforth, it is advantageous to use the formol-ether method to complement the direct smear method.
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, Nov 29, 2022
Introduction: Malaria is a significant global health concern and adversely affects people in deve... more Introduction: Malaria is a significant global health concern and adversely affects people in developing countries including Bangladesh. The causative agent Plasmodium falciparum is resistant to several currently available anti-malarial drugs, such as mefloquine, chloroquine, and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), and this has been a major global challenge towards the control of the disease. There is urgent need for novel anti-malarial chemotherapeutic agents. Methodology: The present study aimed to evaluate antimalarial activity of methanolic extracts of three Bangladeshi medicinal plants-Acorus calamus, Dichapetalum gelonioides and Leucas aspera-against both chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and resistant (Dd2) strains of P. falciparum. Histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) based ELISA was used to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of the extracts. Results: D. gelonioides extract showed moderate (IC50 = 19.15 µg/mL) and promising activity (IC50 = 10.43 µg/mL) against 3D7 and Dd2 strains respectively. A. calamus remained inactive against both 3D7 (IC50 = 72.29 µg/mL) and Dd2 strain (IC50 = 67.81 µg/mL). L. aspera initially remained inactive against 3D7 strain (IC50 = 60.51 µg/mL), but displayed promising activity (IC50 = 7.693) against Dd2 strain. Conclusions: This is the first time these plant materials have been assessed for their in vitro antimalarial properties. It is pivotal to conduct further phytochemical analysis of D. gelonioides and L. aspera to evaluate the presence of potential novel antimalarial drug compounds.
IJID Regions
Aim: To assess the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections and associated risk factors among... more Aim: To assess the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections and associated risk factors among people living in urban slums in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted across three clusters: Dhaka, Sylhet and Chattogram. In total, 360 individuals divided into two groups (school-aged children and adults) provided stool samples and completed a semi-structured questionnaire. Parasitological assessment was performed using the formol-ether concentration technique. Results: Overall, 31.7% (114/360) of participants had helminthiasis, with 13.3% (48/360) having mixed infections. Among the infected participants, school-aged children had a higher rate of infection (41.7%, 75/180) compared with adults (21.7%, 39/180). Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant parasite, followed by hookworms, Trichuris trichiura, Hymenolepis nana, Enterobius vermicularis and Rhabditis sp. Parasitic infections were significantly associated with type of latrine used, direct exposure to soil, open defaecation, and presence of freeroaming animals. Conclusion: Despite continuous efforts to control helminthiasis, a substantial proportion of the study participants were infected with intestinal helminths. Ignorance of the roles of the environment and animals was influential, and had a negative impact on existing control interventions. An integrated public health and veterinary public health approach is required for sustainable control of intestinal helminthiasis.
Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences, 1970
The need for a more sensitive and time-efficient assay for malaria has led to the development of ... more The need for a more sensitive and time-efficient assay for malaria has led to the development of molecular assays involving real-time PCR (qPCR), a procedure that has the potential to detect low levels of parasitemia, identify mixed infections, and allow for precise differentiation of species via melting curve analysis or TaqMan fluorescence-labeled probes. Since the first study published in 2001 at least 17 assays have been developed, most of them using SSUrRNA as the target gene. We used qPCR to detect Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax by amplification of mtDNA; this technique was evaluated on whole-blood samples from people living in areas of malaria transmission in the Brazilian Amazon region located in the area of inclusion of highway BR-163 (Cuiabá-Santarém) in Pará State: São Luiz do Tapajós, a municipal district of Itaituba (N = 74); Três Boeiras, a municipal district of Trairão (N = 134), and São Raimundo, a municipal district of Aveiro (N = 62). The results from the real-time PCR-based method were compared to conventional microscopy and to ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 11 (3): 3409-3413 (2012) C.R.T. Souza et al. an established mtDNA-PCR assay. The qPCR (mtDNA) method was 16-19 times more efficient than the conventional PCR (mtDNA) and microscopy for detecting plasmodial infections.
Bangladesh J. Zool., 2017
A cross sectional parasitological study was conducted among the underprivileged children of Begun... more A cross sectional parasitological study was conducted among the underprivileged children of Begun Bari slum, Tejgaon, Dhaka during January 2015 to December 2016. Fecal samples were collected and then processed through formaldehyde-ether concentration technique. Prevalent helminths were Ascaris lumbricoides (27.68%), Trichuris trichiura (21.57%) and Taenia saginata (18.24%). Male children were at high risk for helminth infection than females. The highest prevalence of A. lumbricoides (42.11%) was observed among the children aged 10-12 years and T. saginata (35.71%) among 13-15 years. The prevalence of A. lumbricoides (23%) was the uppermost in the winter (23%) and the lowest in the rainy season (4.3%). Children of illiterate mothers (91.89%), bare footers (76.03%) and mud floor residents (76.43%) were more prone to helminth infections (p < 0.05).
Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
Viral hepatitis, caused by infection with one hepatitis viruses, is a major public health problem... more Viral hepatitis, caused by infection with one hepatitis viruses, is a major public health problem worldwide. Infection with hepatitis viruses causes a significant disease burden in the SouthEast Asia Region, in the form of both acute and chronic hepatitis, with approximately 500 000 deaths annually in the Region [1]. Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver in response to infection or toxin. The condition can be self-limiting or can progress to fibrosis (scarring), cirrhosis or liver cancer. Hepatitis viruses are the most common cause of hepatitis in the world but other infections, toxic substances (e.g., alcohol, certain drugs), and autoimmune diseases can also cause hepatitis [2]. Viral infections of the liver that are classified as viral hepatitis include hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E.A different virus is responsible for each type of virally transmitted hepatitis [3]. Excessive alcohol consumption is sometimes referred to as alcoholic hepatitis. The alcohol directly injures the cells of the liver. Other toxic causes of hepatitis include overuse or overdose of medications and exposure to poisons. It's three times more common in women than in men. When symptoms appear, they usually do so about 15 to 180 days after the person has become infected. Patient outcomes after the acute ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
The present study was performed to find out the prevalence of parasites and bacteria from cow dun... more The present study was performed to find out the prevalence of parasites and bacteria from cow dung and pit soil from 4 different areas of Bangladesh. Modified centrifugal flotation and conventional culture techniques were used to isolate parasites and bacteria respectively. In case of cow dung, Mymensing was provided with highest average for all studied bacteria. Total coliforms, feacal coliforms and Escherichia coli were 100% prevalent but enterococci were 97.5% prevalent. 40% cattle were found infected with one or more intestinal parasites. The highest prevalence of parasites was 32.5% for both Trichostrongylus and coccidians. Overall intensity was highest for coccidian cysts (127.17) and lowest for Toxocara (13.5). On the other hand, in pit soil total colioforms, faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli were at highest average log10 value in Hazaribagh, where enterococci in Dohar. 85% prevalence of total coliforms, feacal coliforms and Escherichia coli were found along with 82.5% pr...
The present study was conducted on 697 diabetic and 603 non-diabetic peoples (aged 25-75 years) i... more The present study was conducted on 697 diabetic and 603 non-diabetic peoples (aged 25-75 years) in the Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Health Science (BIHS) Hospital, Mirpur, in Dhaka to investigate their association with protozoan infestation. The use of appropriate technique plays an important role in the detection of the parasitic infections. ELISA with blood samples, formol-ether concentration technique (F-ECT) and zinc sulphate method (Z-SFM) were applied to faecal samples for the detection of prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia. Out of 697 diabetic patients, by ELISA 15.93% and 17.65% were found infected by E. histolytica and G. lamblia; while out of 603 non-diabetic individuals 27.53% and 28.03% were infected by E. histolytica and G. lamblia; respectively. According to the results of F-ECT on diabetic patients, 26.83% and 28.41%, on non-diabetic individuals 34.66% and 34.99% were found infected by E. histolytica and G. lamblia; respectively. The result...
Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 2021
The main objective was to determine the prevalence of the fungal skin diseases and explore the re... more The main objective was to determine the prevalence of the fungal skin diseases and explore the related factors including demographical, personal hygiene aspect and socioeconomic status of the patients, the study was performed at the Dermatology Departments of three tertiary care hospitals. Collection of skin samples and personal interviews of patients were followed by laboratory confirmation of the diseases and their pathogens were completed by direct microscopy and culture. Among 800 patients, 310 patients had fungal infection with highest prevalence [38.75%] where ringworm [81.61%] and Oral candidiasis [2.9%] were highest and lowest. Onchomycosis [27.41%] had highest prevalence among ringworm patients. In case of factors, summer season [59.68%], married [71.93%], secondary education [36.45%], 12000-20000tk monthly [38.06%] and upper-middle class status [38.06%], Muslims [86.13%], businessmen [39.73%], urban areas [69.35%], tap water [69.35%], recurrent infections [62.9%] and overcrowding of family [66.13%] had higher prevalence of fungal infections of skin. This research would add to the scientific literature and health policies as unlike other studies it has specifically evaluated the prevalence of fungal skin diseases of an urban city with associated factors in Bangladesh. on skin is very frequent due to some environmental, natural,