Kimani Mwangi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Kimani Mwangi

Despite the vigorous HIV and AIDS awareness campaigns, the dangers of this pandemic are still a m... more Despite the vigorous HIV and AIDS awareness campaigns, the dangers of this pandemic are still a matter of grave concern especially to Primary School Children with hearing impairments. Thus, relevant HIV and AIDS awareness information is key in curbing the spread and effects of this disease. This awareness information forms the basis of education and strategy for survival for both the affected and infected persons. In recognition of this situation, this study examined in its general objective, the level of awareness of HIV and AIDS among upper primary school pupils with hearing impairments in Central Province of Kenya. Specific objectives were to: Establish what pupils with hearing impairments in Central Province know about HIV and AIDS pandemic; find out awareness of modes of HIV transmission, investigate awareness ofHIV and AIDS preventive measures and find out awareness of how to care for and live with persons infected and affected by HIV and AIDS. The study design used was survey...

Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2020

ABSTRACT This study investigated the quantities and qualities of fish oil extracted from five fre... more ABSTRACT This study investigated the quantities and qualities of fish oil extracted from five freshwater fish species, Lates niloticus, Cyprinus carpio, Clarias gariepinus, Protopterus aethiopicus, and Oreochromis niloticus, with the aim of determining their commercial viability in oil exploitation. Fish oil from the various body parts (head, frame, fillet, tail, and body cavity) in all the five fish species was extracted using the conventional method of cooking, pressing, and centrifugation to determine quantitative yield. The extracted oil was then subjected to a composition test (iodine value), hydrolytic degradation test (acid value), and oxidative stability test (peroxide value and p-anisidine value). The general trend in all the species was that the body cavity had the highest yield, except for P. aethiopicus, which yielded more oil from the tail. There was a significant difference in the percentage of oil yields between all the sampled body parts as determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA, p < .05). The study concluded that three species (L. niloticus, C. gariepinus, and C. carpio) have the potential for oil exploitation if the body cavity is utilized, while one species, P. aethiopicus, can yield commercially viable oil from both the body cavity and tail.

African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 2015

Groundwater accounts for the largest fresh water resources in the world. However, there has been ... more Groundwater accounts for the largest fresh water resources in the world. However, there has been limited exploitation of this vital resource in many areas. Where groundwater resources have been utilised, they have been over-exploited, polluted, wasted and mismanaged. In Ruiru municipality, groundwater is a major component of the water supply, contributing about 70% of the water demand. Rising population numbers and industrial development have led to a high water demand, increased water scarcity and more reliance on ground water. Assessing the effect of rainfall variability on groundwater levels of boreholes in Ruiru municipality will help in assessing the sustainability of groundwater resources in the area. Groundwater levels were measured using a dipper and spatial locations of the boreholes were established and mapped using GIS. Rainfall data was collected from the Kenya Meteorological Department and the Water Resources Management Authority. The water table fluctuation method was used to estimate recharge. There was an impact of rainfall variability on groundwater levels. The results showed a decline in groundwater levels during low rainfall periods. The rainfall variability, caused by climate change, brought about prolonged droughts and low recharge in the area. Climate change should be mitigated to cap the decline in groundwater and abstraction controlled to ensure that groundwater resources are managed properly to avoid depletion.

IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 2014

Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Practice, 2009

Stream-flow measurements are important for water resources assessment and management. In Kenya, i... more Stream-flow measurements are important for water resources assessment and management. In Kenya, inadequate streamflow data poses a major challenge to water resources assessment and management. Application of rainfall-runoff models to the catchments can be used to generate streamflow data. A lumped conceptual rainfall-runoff model IHACRES was applied to six medium sized catchments in the Upper Tana River Basin of Kenya. The model IHACRES was chosen because it requires only catchment area, streamflow data and a surrogate variable representing evaporation such as temperature. In addition, it has only two parameters to be varied during calibration. Streamflow data for the six catchments spanning six years was used in the present study. Simulated streamflow was compared with the observed streamflow for these catchments and the goodness of fit evaluated. The calibration R2 ranged from 0.57 to 0.85 while the simulation R2 ranged from 0.55 to 0.77 for all catchments. The Nash-Sutcliffe (1970) efficiency ranged from 0.78 to 0.91 for calibration and from 0.77 to 0.88 for simulation. Sensitivity tests were also carried out using results for one of the catchments. IHACRES is capable of simulating daily streamflow given concurrent daily rainfall and temperature data and offers a possibility of infilling missing data or generating a long series of streamflow data for water resources management in the Upper Tana River basin

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2016

The study was conducted in Sasumua watershed in Nyandarua County, Kenya where a Payment for Ecosy... more The study was conducted in Sasumua watershed in Nyandarua County, Kenya where a Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) pilot project was initiated in June 2015 with the aim of promoting sustainable land management practices (SLM) that would lead to improved water quality. This study which was conducted after one 15 year of PES implementation, seeks to establish what effect the SLM technologies being promoted under PES would have on the water quality. A representative sub-watershed was established where 42.3 ha were under intensive cultivation. Baseline status on Total Suspended Solids (TSS) was established during the rainy season of March-May 2015 just before the onset of PES project. Baseline status on SLM technologies in the study site was also established. Two V-notches were installed to record flow in the rainy season of March-May 2016 for purposes of 20 soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) calibration. Data collection involved water sampling at selected points during two major rainy seasons of October-December 2015 and March-May 2016. Water samples were tested for TSS by photometric determination method using Lovibond water quality testing kit. The SWAT model was applied to generate two scenarios (Worst and Best scenarios) of the study site. The scenarios before and after PES project (determined from actual field measurements) were fitted in between the SWAT scenarios to evaluate the 25 effectiveness of the PES approach after one year of PES project. The baseline status for TSS was an average of 71.05 mg/L. After one year of PES project implementation, the TSS improved to an average of 42.73 mg/L. SWAT model predicts a worst scenario for TSS at an average of 124.15 mg/L and best scenario at an average of 12.76 mg/L. Watershed management through PES approach can be effective in improving downstream water quality as shown by increase in adoption of SLM technologies from 11% to approximately 32% within the first year. However, 30 long term research data is highly recommended to validate the effectiveness of PES over number of years especially on ecosystem services that manifest after long periods and establishing whether PES incentives actually maintain best conditions at farm level. More ecosystem services should also be monitored to validate the TSS results.

IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 2014

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In Kenya, SACCOs contribute 45% of country's GDP and to date the sector has effectively mobil... more In Kenya, SACCOs contribute 45% of country's GDP and to date the sector has effectively mobilized deposits and assets totaling to kshs200 billion and 210 billion respectively. However the successes and rapid growth of SACCOs has begun to reveal a number of basic flaws in the Products they offer. In particular, the inherent liquidity problems of many SACCOs has led a small subset of them beginning to raise additional voluntary but more liquid savings deposits from members and even some non-members Front Office Savings Activities (FOSAs). Persistent poor financial performance of SACCOs has caused most Sacco's not to achieve their desired objectives of corporations and those of stakeholders like payment of good return to shareholders on their investment i.e. dividends. This has also led to scholars, policy maker and all stakeholders in the corporate world to extensively interrogate the practice of corporate governance in SACCO .The purpose of this study was to establish the eff...

The constituency development Fund (CDF) projects capacity building, monitoring and evaluation is ... more The constituency development Fund (CDF) projects capacity building, monitoring and evaluation is vested on the constituency development Fund committee (CDFC) and the CDF board and allowed 2% of the allocation to be used for the purpose. Many people in kenya do not agree on the achievement of CDF projects stated objectives hence the issue of its success. The study sought to establish the factors affecting monitoring and evaluation on (CDF) projects with reference to technical capacity, political influence, stakeholders' participation, and budgetary allocation of CDF projects in Kenya. Monitoring and evaluation process is significant in ensuring the objectives of the CDF projects are achieved. Descriptive research design was used. The target population was all the Project Management Committee (PMC) and CDFC members. Stratified random sampling was used to get the sample. Data was collected using questionnaires which were subjected to content, face and construct validity tests. Desc...

Kenya‟s CDF was a concept implemented in 2003 through the Act of parliament, whose aim was to add... more Kenya‟s CDF was a concept implemented in 2003 through the Act of parliament, whose aim was to address the challenges at grassroots level through the provision of funds to empowerment of community-based projects in all constituencies of Kenya. The initiative targeted development projects at the constituency level aimed at alleviating poverty and addressing imbalances in regional development based on decentralization of public resources. The principle behind devolution appears to have been widely accepted throughout Kenya today. Increasingly however, was the issues on Management of fund accrued from CDF funded projects. The study used cross- sectional survey design, which emphasized on the measurement and analysis of relationships between the variables. The study used mostly primary sources of data. The CDF funded project managers interviewed to obtain primary data. Data was analyzed using SPSS software (SPSS version 19.0) with components, descriptive statistics: mean median, tables, ...

IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 2014

Kenya's CDF was a concept implemented in 2003 through an Act of parliament, whose aim was to addr... more Kenya's CDF was a concept implemented in 2003 through an Act of parliament, whose aim was to address the challenges at grassroots level through the provision of funds to empower community-based projects in all constituencies of Kenya. The initiative targeted development projects at the constituency level aimed at alleviating poverty and addressing imbalances in regional development based on decentralization of public resources. The principle behind devolution appears to be widely accepted throughout Kenya today. Increasingly however, was the issues on Management of fund accrued from CDF funded water projects. The study used cross-sectional survey design, which emphasized on the measurement and analysis of relationships between the variables. The study used primary sources of data. The CDF funded water project managers were interviewed to obtain the primary data. Data was analyzed using SPSS program. Descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics were used. Mean, Correlation, ANOVA and regression analysis measured the nature of the relationship between the cash management, receivable management, inventory management practices and financial performance. The study findings were that, there was a strong positive relationship between the independent variables (cash management, receivable management, inventory management practice) and the dependent variable (financial performance). The variability of financial performance attributed to changes in efficiency of Receivable Management practices, efficiency of cash management and efficiency of inventory management was 88.3%. This has a general implication that efficient fund management practices have a positive effect on the financial performance of CDF funded water projects in Kenya and therefore optimal fund Management practices should be embraced as a policy recommendation.

Research Journal of Finance and Accounting

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of investment risk on unit trust price vol... more The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of investment risk on unit trust price volatility among CMA listed firms in Kenya. As a result of unit trust price volatility, investors are shifting to real estate and other investments with low price volatility. This makes unit trust price volatility an important issue to investigate. The unit trust price volatility is of much importance to investors, fund's managers and government regulators. The objective that guided the study was to investigate the effect of investment risk on unit trust price volatility. A record survey sheet was used to collect secondary data using longitudinal research design. The statistical population of the study consisted of 19 Unit trusts registered by CMA 2016 and offering equity fund. Census was taken to collect annual data for a period of 9 years from 2009 to 2017. Data presentation was done using panel plots, trend lines and distribution tables. The statistical techniques used are descriptive statistics such as Mean, median and Standard deviation. Diagnostics tests done were multicollinearity, autocorrelation, normality, Heteroskedasticity, Hausman and serial correlation. Correlation tests, analysis of variance and panel regression analysis were also done for Inferential statistics. The hypothesis of the study was tested using panel regression analysis. The null hypothesis of the study was rejected at 5% level of significance. The results (r=-O.4366) of the study indicated that the effect of Investment risk on unit trust price volatility was negative and statistically significant at 5% levels. The overall model was tested using the F-test at 5% level of significance which resulted to the value of F (0.05,1,84) = 3.96 ≤ F (1, 83) = 19.550, p-value =0.000≤ 0.05 indicating that the model fits well. The results of the study analysis revealed that investment risk had a statistical significant effect on unit trust price volatility among CMA listed firms in Kenya for equity fund model. The coefficient of determination (R 2) = 0.1906 which indicated that the investment risk contributes only 19.00% of the unit trust price volatility while the larger proportion is attributed to other extraneous variables. The model can be used for unit trust price volatility prediction though on a low scale. The study made the following recommendations; CMA regulate and inspect the financial stability policies governing unit trusts, unit trust firms to pay the investors in time and improve on financial stability, reduce on the operation costs and control operation systems of unit trusts. On policy implication, the government should review the CMA act to give the authority the inspection mandate on the unit trust to make them efficient and conform to financial international standards to be in line with the economic pillar of vision 2030.

Abstract: Financial Management Practices Are Vital In Any Investment Opportunity. The Effect Of F... more Abstract: Financial Management Practices Are Vital In Any Investment Opportunity. The Effect Of Financial Management Practices On The Profitability Of Organizations Has Not Been Clearly Understood. This Study Aimed At Assessing The Effect Of Financial Management Practices With Respect To Capital Structure And Cost Of Capital On Profitability And Find Out The Extent Of Its Utilization In The Matatu Industry. The Significance Of The Study Was To Create Awareness To Investors And Help Them In Financial Management Practices, Add To The Existing Knowledge And Help The Government In Policy Formulation. The Survey Research Design Was Employed Where The Respondents Were Selected Through A Stratified Random Sampling. Data Was Analyzed Using Descriptive Statistics, Correlation, Factor Analysis And Regression. Equity Capital Was Preferred While Debt Financing Was Used On A Smaller Scale. The Decision To Use Debt Is Largely Influenced By Its Cost And The Attendant Risk, That Is, The Potential O...

Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2020

African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 2015

IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 2014

Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Practice, 2009

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2016

IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 2014

Research Journal of Finance and Accounting