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Volume 1: "The Whole World Is Our Homeland" by Kirk Shaffer

In 1898 Cuba was “liberated” from Spain by the United States, which then established a military o... more In 1898 Cuba was “liberated” from Spain by the United States, which then established a military occupation. In January 1899, the same month that the occupation began, anarchists Luis Barcia and Adrián del Valle launched the newspaper El Nuevo Ideal [The New Ideal]. The paper criticized on-going divisions within the Cuban labor movement between Spaniards and Cubans, called for US military authorities to leave the island, and offered anarchist analyses of the state of Cuban affairs. Then in early 1900, the anarchist movement received a much needed and controversial spark when Errico Malatesta visited the island at the invitation of his old comrade del Valle, whom he had met in London when both were in exile in the early 1890s. Malatesta’s visits scared US and Cuban authorities, who tried to prohibit him from speaking in public—but to no avail. In a series of talks, question and answer sessions, and articles in El Nuevo Ideal, Malatesta echoed Barcia and del Valle’s editorial positions, especially attacking US colonial rule in Cuba.

Papers by Kirk Shaffer

The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest, Apr 1, 2010

University Press of Florida eBooks, Sep 13, 2015

University of Illinois Press eBooks, Oct 30, 2019

Studies in Latin American Popular Culture, Dec 1, 1999

... ИНФОРМАЦИЯ О ПУБЛИКАЦИИ. Название публикации, PROSTITUTES, BAD SEEDS, AND REVOLUTIONARY MOTHE... more ... ИНФОРМАЦИЯ О ПУБЛИКАЦИИ. Название публикации, PROSTITUTES, BAD SEEDS, AND REVOLUTIONARY MOTHERS IN CUBAN ANARCHISM: IMAGINING WOMEN IN THE FICTION OF ADRIAN DEL VALLE AND ANTONIO PENICHET, 1898-1930. Авторы, KR Shaffer. ...

University of Illinois Press eBooks, Apr 20, 2017

This concluding chapter explores the legacy of anarchism in Puerto Rico. While anarchist agitatio... more This concluding chapter explores the legacy of anarchism in Puerto Rico. While anarchist agitation and organizing came to an end in the early 1920s, individual anarchists continued to write to anarchist publications in New York and Havana. In addition, the global economic recession that began in 2008, coupled with efforts by the Puerto Rican government and the Universidad de Puerto Rico to impose new fees on university students in 2010, gave birth to new interest in anarchism on the island as anarchist groups took to the internet, the cafés, and the university grounds. They began working with other groups in cross-sectarian alliances, offering classes on anarchism, reviving anarchist theatre, and drawing attention to the ravages of joint state–corporate attempts to seize private lands. In short, these new Black Flag Boricuas were resurrecting in the present the very history of anarchist agitation and antiauthoritarianism developed a century earlier.

University Press of Florida eBooks, Sep 15, 2015

University of Illinois Press eBooks, Apr 20, 2017

This chapter investigates these Bayamón anarchists in 1920 and early 1921, through the newspaper ... more This chapter investigates these Bayamón anarchists in 1920 and early 1921, through the newspaper El Comunista. The paper became the longest-running, most financially successful anarchist newspaper in the island's history. El Comunista stridently attacked U.S. militarism and interventionism in the Caribbean Basin, offered a qualified opposition to calls for Puerto Rican independence, and found growing distribution throughout and financial backing from Spanish-speaking anarchist groups in the United States. The distribution, support for the Bolsheviks, and fervent attacks on U.S. policies led the Wilson administration in Washington to target the Bayamón anarchists during the Red Scare. The resulting closure of the newspaper spelled the end to the most successful anarchist organization to emerge on the island.

The American Historical Review, Jun 1, 2010

University of Illinois Press eBooks, Apr 20, 2017

This chapter explores the links between anarchists and other progressive factions on the island a... more This chapter explores the links between anarchists and other progressive factions on the island as they attacked and condemned the Church. However, one of these factions—the spiritists—caused a dilemma within anarchist ranks. While rejecting the Catholic Church, espiritistas believed in reincarnation and the teachings of Jesus, which they believed had been bastardized by the Church. Most freethinkers and some anarchists could be counted in the spiritist movement; however, not all leftists were comfortable with this “scientific religion.” Nevertheless, from 1909 to 1912, this alliance often worked together to challenge representatives of Catholic authoritarianism, culminating in the 1912 islandwide speaking tour of international freethinker Belén de Sárraga.

University of Illinois Press eBooks, Apr 20, 2017

This chapter explores how some anarchists aligned themselves with the emerging freethinkers&a... more This chapter explores how some anarchists aligned themselves with the emerging freethinkers' movement centered in the southern city of Ponce to address educational issues on the island. The Puerto Rican Left had been founding CESs since the end of the nineteenth century, which gave workers a source of radicalized education. While the freethinkers were mostly middle-class professionals, they shared with anarchists a fervent belief in free expression and freedom of speech. In addition, both anarchists and freethinkers condemned what they saw as the influence of religion on society, especially in education. As a result, both called for rationalist education modeled after the ideals and Modern Schools in Spain developed by Francisco Ferrer y Guardia.

University of Illinois Press eBooks, Apr 20, 2017

This chapter illustrates that during the first decade of U.S. rule, anarchists cautiously joined ... more This chapter illustrates that during the first decade of U.S. rule, anarchists cautiously joined the AFL-linked Federación Libre de Trabajadores (FLT), assuming leadership roles in local unions, publishing in union newspapers, and printing anarchist newspapers through the union presses. From within the union, anarchists criticized the FLT's pro-Americanization project, the rise of republican political institutions and electoral politics on the island, and the union's occasional attempts to engage in elections. These critiques, sometimes published at home and sometimes published in the international anarchist press in Cuba that was then mailed back to Puerto Rico, often found anarchists on the margins of union politics. Moreover, they worked as best as they could with the reformers while continuing to put forth a more radical agenda achieved by direct action, not parliamentary politics.

In 1898 Cuba was “liberated” from Spain by the United States, which then established a military o... more In 1898 Cuba was “liberated” from Spain by the United States, which then established a military occupation. In January 1899, the same month that the occupation began, anarchists Luis Barcia and Adrián del Valle launched the newspaper El Nuevo Ideal [The New Ideal]. The paper criticized on-going divisions within the Cuban labor movement between Spaniards and Cubans, called for US military authorities to leave the island, and offered anarchist analyses of the state of Cuban affairs. Then in early 1900, the anarchist movement received a much needed and controversial spark when Errico Malatesta visited the island at the invitation of his old comrade del Valle, whom he had met in London when both were in exile in the early 1890s. Malatesta’s visits scared US and Cuban authorities, who tried to prohibit him from speaking in public—but to no avail. In a series of talks, question and answer sessions, and articles in El Nuevo Ideal, Malatesta echoed Barcia and del Valle’s editorial positions, especially attacking US colonial rule in Cuba.

The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest, Apr 1, 2010

University Press of Florida eBooks, Sep 13, 2015

University of Illinois Press eBooks, Oct 30, 2019

Studies in Latin American Popular Culture, Dec 1, 1999

... ИНФОРМАЦИЯ О ПУБЛИКАЦИИ. Название публикации, PROSTITUTES, BAD SEEDS, AND REVOLUTIONARY MOTHE... more ... ИНФОРМАЦИЯ О ПУБЛИКАЦИИ. Название публикации, PROSTITUTES, BAD SEEDS, AND REVOLUTIONARY MOTHERS IN CUBAN ANARCHISM: IMAGINING WOMEN IN THE FICTION OF ADRIAN DEL VALLE AND ANTONIO PENICHET, 1898-1930. Авторы, KR Shaffer. ...

University of Illinois Press eBooks, Apr 20, 2017

This concluding chapter explores the legacy of anarchism in Puerto Rico. While anarchist agitatio... more This concluding chapter explores the legacy of anarchism in Puerto Rico. While anarchist agitation and organizing came to an end in the early 1920s, individual anarchists continued to write to anarchist publications in New York and Havana. In addition, the global economic recession that began in 2008, coupled with efforts by the Puerto Rican government and the Universidad de Puerto Rico to impose new fees on university students in 2010, gave birth to new interest in anarchism on the island as anarchist groups took to the internet, the cafés, and the university grounds. They began working with other groups in cross-sectarian alliances, offering classes on anarchism, reviving anarchist theatre, and drawing attention to the ravages of joint state–corporate attempts to seize private lands. In short, these new Black Flag Boricuas were resurrecting in the present the very history of anarchist agitation and antiauthoritarianism developed a century earlier.

University Press of Florida eBooks, Sep 15, 2015

University of Illinois Press eBooks, Apr 20, 2017

This chapter investigates these Bayamón anarchists in 1920 and early 1921, through the newspaper ... more This chapter investigates these Bayamón anarchists in 1920 and early 1921, through the newspaper El Comunista. The paper became the longest-running, most financially successful anarchist newspaper in the island's history. El Comunista stridently attacked U.S. militarism and interventionism in the Caribbean Basin, offered a qualified opposition to calls for Puerto Rican independence, and found growing distribution throughout and financial backing from Spanish-speaking anarchist groups in the United States. The distribution, support for the Bolsheviks, and fervent attacks on U.S. policies led the Wilson administration in Washington to target the Bayamón anarchists during the Red Scare. The resulting closure of the newspaper spelled the end to the most successful anarchist organization to emerge on the island.

The American Historical Review, Jun 1, 2010

University of Illinois Press eBooks, Apr 20, 2017

This chapter explores the links between anarchists and other progressive factions on the island a... more This chapter explores the links between anarchists and other progressive factions on the island as they attacked and condemned the Church. However, one of these factions—the spiritists—caused a dilemma within anarchist ranks. While rejecting the Catholic Church, espiritistas believed in reincarnation and the teachings of Jesus, which they believed had been bastardized by the Church. Most freethinkers and some anarchists could be counted in the spiritist movement; however, not all leftists were comfortable with this “scientific religion.” Nevertheless, from 1909 to 1912, this alliance often worked together to challenge representatives of Catholic authoritarianism, culminating in the 1912 islandwide speaking tour of international freethinker Belén de Sárraga.

University of Illinois Press eBooks, Apr 20, 2017

This chapter explores how some anarchists aligned themselves with the emerging freethinkers&a... more This chapter explores how some anarchists aligned themselves with the emerging freethinkers' movement centered in the southern city of Ponce to address educational issues on the island. The Puerto Rican Left had been founding CESs since the end of the nineteenth century, which gave workers a source of radicalized education. While the freethinkers were mostly middle-class professionals, they shared with anarchists a fervent belief in free expression and freedom of speech. In addition, both anarchists and freethinkers condemned what they saw as the influence of religion on society, especially in education. As a result, both called for rationalist education modeled after the ideals and Modern Schools in Spain developed by Francisco Ferrer y Guardia.

University of Illinois Press eBooks, Apr 20, 2017

This chapter illustrates that during the first decade of U.S. rule, anarchists cautiously joined ... more This chapter illustrates that during the first decade of U.S. rule, anarchists cautiously joined the AFL-linked Federación Libre de Trabajadores (FLT), assuming leadership roles in local unions, publishing in union newspapers, and printing anarchist newspapers through the union presses. From within the union, anarchists criticized the FLT's pro-Americanization project, the rise of republican political institutions and electoral politics on the island, and the union's occasional attempts to engage in elections. These critiques, sometimes published at home and sometimes published in the international anarchist press in Cuba that was then mailed back to Puerto Rico, often found anarchists on the margins of union politics. Moreover, they worked as best as they could with the reformers while continuing to put forth a more radical agenda achieved by direct action, not parliamentary politics.

New West Indian Guide, Dec 7, 2018

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the prevailing CC-BY-NC license at ... more This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the prevailing CC-BY-NC license at the time of publication.