Kirtan Tarwadi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Conference Presentations by Kirtan Tarwadi

Research paper thumbnail of A review on the Role of nanoparticles in alleviating oxidative stress and associated disorders

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play a critical role in many free radical mediated degenerat... more Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play a critical role in many free radical mediated degenerative diseases and in aging. Oxidative stress is the state of a diminished capacity of a biological system to counteract an overproduction or invasion of reactive oxygen species and other radicals. Nanotechnology is an enable technology that has the potential to address the issues relevant to oxidative stress. Nanoparticle antioxidants constitute a new wave of antioxidant therapies for disease prevention and treatment in the field of oxidative stress and associated disorders such as type 2 diabetes. Specific nanoconstructs are also reported to have anti-inflammatory activities. CNTs and CNFs used as integral part of polymer composites are able to exhibit an antioxidant effect in these materials because of their radical accepting capacity. This concise review is mainly focused on nanoparticles that are now increasingly getting recognized owing to various studies conducted over the past couple of years. Recent reports have demonstrated that several types of nanoparticles act as potent free radical scavengers and antioxidants. The characterization and functioning of various inorganic nanoparticles along with the mechanism of their antioxidant activity and their use in the field of oxidative stress has been explored. Their action is mediated through free radical scavenging activity by reducing the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, thus acting as antioxidants by themselves. Given these properties, the potential applications of some selected antioxidant nanoparticles in alleviating oxidative stress are discussed in this review.

Papers by Kirtan Tarwadi

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga on some physiological and biochemical parameters in mild hypertensive patients

Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2011

An open label intervention study was undertaken on 26 mild hypertensives and 26 apparently health... more An open label intervention study was undertaken on 26 mild hypertensives and 26 apparently healthy adults (30-60 y), for the effect of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga practice for two months as complementary therapy. In the hypertensives, there was a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01), serum urea (P < 0.01) and plasma MDA (malondialdehyde adducts) as oxidative stress marker (P < 0.05). Other parameters; viz.; plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, did not change significantly (P > 0.1). The pattern of change in most of the study parameters was such that values above normal range were lowered but values within normal range were unaltered. The action of Yoga on diastolic blood pressure, malondialdehyde adducts and kidney function in hypertensives was of counteractive nature and felt to be distinctly different than the effect of drugs.

Research paper thumbnail of Quantum Mechanics of Wound Healing: Nano-bio Interface of Wound Bed and Wound Dressing

Research paper thumbnail of BioFibGel: A Green Nanotechnology Based Wound Dressing

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research

Research paper thumbnail of Immunity in Early Life

Research paper thumbnail of Liposomes for Nanodelivery Systems in Food Products

Nanoscience for Sustainable Agriculture, 2019

Nanotechnology has the prospective to offer novel solutions in the agriculture and food sectors. ... more Nanotechnology has the prospective to offer novel solutions in the agriculture and food sectors. Food nanotechnology is increasingly gaining attention owing to opportunity of further improvements in development of novel and innovative and healthy foods. Nano-structured materials find promising applications in encapsulation of elements in the food and packaging thereof. Polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, microemulsions, and nanoemulsions are among the nano-structured systems that have embraced the food sector. These materials have a great potential to elevate bio-accessibility, increase dissolving capacity, assisting commendable release, and safeguard food ingredients throughout the process from production to storage. In this chapter, the applications of nanoliposomes for their encapsulation and controlled release of food materials with enhancing the bioavailability are discussed. Additionally, their role as nanodelivery system for nutrients, nutraceuticals, enzymes, and food antimi...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Nanotechnology and the Role of Nanostructures in Biomimetic Studies and Their Potential Applications

Biomimetics

With the advent of nanotechnology, by looking further deep down into the molecular level, today, ... more With the advent of nanotechnology, by looking further deep down into the molecular level, today, we are able to understand basic and applied sciences even better than ever before. Not only has nanoscience and nanotechnology allowed us to study the composing structures of materials in detail, it has also allowed us to fabricate and synthesize such nanostructures using top-down and bottom-up approaches. One such field, which has been significantly influenced by the dawn of nanotechnology is biomimetics. With powerful spectroscopic and microscopic tools presenting us with images like double nanostructured pillars on the lotus surface for superhydrophobicity, the conical protuberances of moth eye demonstrating anti-reflection properties and nanostructured spatulae of gecko feet for high adhesivity, we are now able to fabricate these structures in the lab with properties showing close resemblance to their natural counterparts. Here, we present a review of various nanostructures that exist in nature, their fabrication techniques and some of their promising future applications. We hope this review will provide the reader with a basic understanding of what biomimetics is and how nanotechnology has significantly influenced this field.

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga on antioxidant status and kidney function in hypertensive patients

Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Studies on micronutrient and antioxidant potential of grapes available in India for their nutraceutical value. Journal of Food Science and Technology

Journal of Food Science and Technology -Mysore-

Research paper thumbnail of Vaishali Agte and Kirtan V. Tarwadi Socioeconomic differencials among Indians in the nutritional status and aetiology of cataract Nutrition. 2011 Jan;27(1):40-5. Epub 2010 May 15

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga on some physiological and biochemical parameters in mild hypertensive patients

Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology

An open label intervention study was undertaken on 26 mild hypertensives and 26 apparently health... more An open label intervention study was undertaken on 26 mild hypertensives and 26 apparently healthy adults (30-60 y), for the effect of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga practice for two months as complementary therapy. In the hypertensives, there was a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01), serum urea (P < 0.01) and plasma MDA (malondialdehyde adducts) as oxidative stress marker (P < 0.05). Other parameters; viz.; plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, did not change significantly (P > 0.1). The pattern of change in most of the study parameters was such that values above normal range were lowered but values within normal range were unaltered. The action of Yoga on diastolic blood pressure, malondialdehyde adducts and kidney function in hypertensives was of counteractive nature and felt to be distinctly different than the effect of drugs.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative in vitro uptake of zinc by erythrocytes of normal vs Type 2 diabetic individuals and the associated factors

Diabetes, nutrition & metabolism, 2004

Diabetes is an oxidative stress-related disorder in which erythrocyte zinc uptake may vary as com... more Diabetes is an oxidative stress-related disorder in which erythrocyte zinc uptake may vary as compared to healthy individuals. Since zinc is one of the important antioxidant trace metals, some functional indices of erythrocyte zinc status, ie in vitro zinc uptake, osmotic fragility and glucose uptake, were compared in Type 2 diabetic subjects (n=43) and healthy controls (n=22). The associations of these indices with plasma levels of antioxidants and micronutrients were examined. The trace metals were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Vitamins were estimated using spectrophotometric and spectroflourometric methods. In vitro zinc uptakes of healthy subjects were 17 to 52% higher (p<0.01) than those for diabetic subjects. The osmotic fragility for diabetic cells was 2.2 to 1.5 times higher than the healthy cells in 0.85-0.5% NaCl solutions (p<0.05). Percent hemolysis at 0.75, 0.65 and 0.55% NaCl had significant negative correlations (p<0.05) with in vitro zinc u...

Research paper thumbnail of Role of Diet Related Habits and Cooking Practices on Bioavailability of Iron, Copper, and Zinc and Status of Iron in Vegetarians

Trace Elements in Man and Animals 10, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of The Influence of Various Food Ingredients and Their Combinations on in Vitro Availability of Iron and Zinc in Cereal Based Vegetarian Meals

Trace Elements in Man and Animals 10, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of Nutritional Status, Socioeconomic Factors, Alcohol, and Cataracts

Alcohol, Nutrition, and Health Consequences, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Factors Influencing Zinc Status of Apparently Healthy Indians

Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2005

To identify dietary, environmental and socio-economic factors associated with mild zinc deficienc... more To identify dietary, environmental and socio-economic factors associated with mild zinc deficiency, three zinc status indices; erythrocyte membrane zinc (RBCMZn), plasma zinc and super oxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed in free living and apparently healthy Indian population. Dietary patterns of 232 men and 223 women (20-65 yr) from rural, industrial and urban regions of Western India were evaluated by food frequency questionnaire. RBCMZn was estimated using atomic absorption spectrometry, hemoglobin and serum ceruloplasmin by spectrophotometer. On a sub sample (48 men and 51 women) plasma zinc and SOD were also assessed. Mean RBCMZn was 0.5 +/- 0.1 micromols/g protein with 46% individuals showing zinc deficiency. Mean plasma zinc was 0.98 +/- 0.12 microg/mL with 25% men and 2.5% women having values below normal range. Mean SOD was 0.97 +/- 0.1 (u/mL cells). A significant positive correlation was observed between intakes of green leafy vegetables, other vegetables and milk products with RBCMZn status (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). But these were not correlated with plasma zinc (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.2). Cereal and legume intakes were negatively correlated with RBCMZn (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) but positively correlated with plasma zinc (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) and not correlated with SOD (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.2). Fruit and other vegetable intake were positively correlated with SOD (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) alone. Logistic regression analyses revealed that RBCMZn was positively associated with intakes of beta-carotene, zinc and environmental conditions and negatively associated with family size (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Plasma zinc indicated positive association with zinc, thiamin and riboflavin intakes (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) and SOD showed negative association with iron and family size. RBCMZn was a more sensitive indicator of long-term zinc status than plasma zinc and SOD. Prominent determinants of zinc status were intakes of beta-carotene and zinc along with environmental conditions and family size.

Research paper thumbnail of Micronutrient Deficiencies as Predisposing Factors for Hypertension in Lacto-Vegetarian Indian Adults

Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2004

With the increasing knowledge about the antioxidant potential of many micronutrients such as zinc... more With the increasing knowledge about the antioxidant potential of many micronutrients such as zinc and vitamin C, their roles in oxidative stress related health disorders have been postulated. This study therefore investigated low micronutrient status as a predisposing factor for hypertension in a traditionally lacto-vegetarian population like Indians. Micronutrient profile was assessed in 109 hypertensives with age-gender-socio-economic status matched 115 healthy normotensives (30-58 years of age). Food intakes were estimated through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Nutrient intakes were then evaluated by previous estimates of cooked foods from our laboratory. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), age, weight, height, waist and hip circumference, occupation, physical activity, smoking habits were recorded. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin, serum level of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, ceruloplasmin, plasma level of ascorbic acid, folic acid, retinol, erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGRAC) and erythrocyte membrane zinc. There were no significant differences between protein, fat intakes of normal and hypertensive individuals, though intakes of men were higher than those of women (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Intakes of omega-6 fatty acids were higher (p = 0.08) and omega-3 fatty acids were lower in hypertensive men than normotensive men (p = 0.04). Gender differences were also significant for micronutrient intakes except vitamin C and beta-carotene. Intakes of potassium, copper, folic acid and vitamin C were significantly lower in hypertensive individuals than in normotenisves. No significant association was found between occupation or activity level and hypertension (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.2) in these subjects. Conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that intakes of vitamin C, folic acid and zinc were associated with 18% (OR = 1.18, 95% CI:1.08, 1.26), 51% (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 0.94, 2.1) higher odds for hypertension, and 3% lower odds for hypertension (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.92, 1.01), respectively. Mean plasma vitamin C and folic acid were significantly higher (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01), and serum ceruloplasmin and erythrocyte membrane zinc were marginally higher (p = 0.07) in normal than hypertensive subjects. In multivariate linear regression analyses, plasma vitamin C, serum ceruloplasmin and erythrocyte membrane zinc were negatively associated with SBP (p = 0.00001) and plasma vitamin C was negatively associated with DBP (p = 0.0001). Low dietary intakes of vitamin C, folic acid and zinc emerged as the possible risk factors for hypertension. Further, lower levels of plasma vitamin C, erythrocyte membrane zinc and ceruloplasmin were found to be the putative intermediary biomarkers in pathogenesis of hypertension.

Research paper thumbnail of Phytate Degradation During Traditional Cooking: Significance of the Phytic Acid Profile in Cereal-Based Vegetarian Meals

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 1999

... S. Khokhar, Pushpanjali and GR Fenwick, Phytate content of Indian foods and intakes by vegeta... more ... S. Khokhar, Pushpanjali and GR Fenwick, Phytate content of Indian foods and intakes by vegetarian Indians of Hisar region, Hariyana state. ... RB Singh, VC Gupta, N. Mittal, MA Niaz, S. Ghosh and V. Rastogi, Epidemiological study of trace elements and Mg and risk of coronary ...

Research paper thumbnail of Fortification of vegetarian diets for increasing bioavailable iron density using green leafy vegetables

Food Research International, 1999

There is a high prevalence of iron de®ciency anaemia in many developing countries today; especial... more There is a high prevalence of iron de®ciency anaemia in many developing countries today; especially in vegetarian women. The major cause of this state is low bioavailability of nonheme iron from vegetarian diets. An investigation was undertaken to improve bioavailable contents of nonheme iron from vegetarian meals. Forty-eight meals with combinations of roti (unleavened whole cereal pancake) of one of the six cereals and one of the four commonly consumed green leafy vegetables (GLV) along with 35 meals with cereal roti and fruit vegetable/legume were tested for their in vitro dialysability of iron using simulated gastrointestinal conditions and standardised protocol with 59 Fe as a tracer. Average bioavailable iron density of GLV-based meals was signi®cantly higher (1.20.7 mg /1000 kcal) as against the value in prevailing dietary patterns having cereal-legume or cereal-fruit vegetable combinations (0.360.17 mg/1000 kcal, p40.001). Around 31 GLV-based meals were identi®ed as having higher amounts of bioavailable iron density than 0.75 mg/1000 kcal. Thus, one such GLV-based meal per day will increase gross as well as bioavailable iron intake which will help in meeting daily requirements of iron especially for vegetarian women of reproductive age.

Research paper thumbnail of Potential of traditionally cooked green leafy vegetables as natural sources for supplementation of eight micronutrients in vegetarian diets

Journal of Food …, 2000

The potential of 24 green leafy vegetables (GLV) in cooked form was assessed for the contents of ... more The potential of 24 green leafy vegetables (GLV) in cooked form was assessed for the contents of eight micronutrients; bioavailability of iron, zinc and copper; and for proximate principles. The bioavailable densities of iron, zinc and copper (1.3±1.2, 1.1±0.5, 0.7±0.3 ...

Research paper thumbnail of A review on the Role of nanoparticles in alleviating oxidative stress and associated disorders

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play a critical role in many free radical mediated degenerat... more Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play a critical role in many free radical mediated degenerative diseases and in aging. Oxidative stress is the state of a diminished capacity of a biological system to counteract an overproduction or invasion of reactive oxygen species and other radicals. Nanotechnology is an enable technology that has the potential to address the issues relevant to oxidative stress. Nanoparticle antioxidants constitute a new wave of antioxidant therapies for disease prevention and treatment in the field of oxidative stress and associated disorders such as type 2 diabetes. Specific nanoconstructs are also reported to have anti-inflammatory activities. CNTs and CNFs used as integral part of polymer composites are able to exhibit an antioxidant effect in these materials because of their radical accepting capacity. This concise review is mainly focused on nanoparticles that are now increasingly getting recognized owing to various studies conducted over the past couple of years. Recent reports have demonstrated that several types of nanoparticles act as potent free radical scavengers and antioxidants. The characterization and functioning of various inorganic nanoparticles along with the mechanism of their antioxidant activity and their use in the field of oxidative stress has been explored. Their action is mediated through free radical scavenging activity by reducing the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, thus acting as antioxidants by themselves. Given these properties, the potential applications of some selected antioxidant nanoparticles in alleviating oxidative stress are discussed in this review.

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga on some physiological and biochemical parameters in mild hypertensive patients

Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2011

An open label intervention study was undertaken on 26 mild hypertensives and 26 apparently health... more An open label intervention study was undertaken on 26 mild hypertensives and 26 apparently healthy adults (30-60 y), for the effect of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga practice for two months as complementary therapy. In the hypertensives, there was a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01), serum urea (P < 0.01) and plasma MDA (malondialdehyde adducts) as oxidative stress marker (P < 0.05). Other parameters; viz.; plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, did not change significantly (P > 0.1). The pattern of change in most of the study parameters was such that values above normal range were lowered but values within normal range were unaltered. The action of Yoga on diastolic blood pressure, malondialdehyde adducts and kidney function in hypertensives was of counteractive nature and felt to be distinctly different than the effect of drugs.

Research paper thumbnail of Quantum Mechanics of Wound Healing: Nano-bio Interface of Wound Bed and Wound Dressing

Research paper thumbnail of BioFibGel: A Green Nanotechnology Based Wound Dressing

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research

Research paper thumbnail of Immunity in Early Life

Research paper thumbnail of Liposomes for Nanodelivery Systems in Food Products

Nanoscience for Sustainable Agriculture, 2019

Nanotechnology has the prospective to offer novel solutions in the agriculture and food sectors. ... more Nanotechnology has the prospective to offer novel solutions in the agriculture and food sectors. Food nanotechnology is increasingly gaining attention owing to opportunity of further improvements in development of novel and innovative and healthy foods. Nano-structured materials find promising applications in encapsulation of elements in the food and packaging thereof. Polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, microemulsions, and nanoemulsions are among the nano-structured systems that have embraced the food sector. These materials have a great potential to elevate bio-accessibility, increase dissolving capacity, assisting commendable release, and safeguard food ingredients throughout the process from production to storage. In this chapter, the applications of nanoliposomes for their encapsulation and controlled release of food materials with enhancing the bioavailability are discussed. Additionally, their role as nanodelivery system for nutrients, nutraceuticals, enzymes, and food antimi...

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Nanotechnology and the Role of Nanostructures in Biomimetic Studies and Their Potential Applications

Biomimetics

With the advent of nanotechnology, by looking further deep down into the molecular level, today, ... more With the advent of nanotechnology, by looking further deep down into the molecular level, today, we are able to understand basic and applied sciences even better than ever before. Not only has nanoscience and nanotechnology allowed us to study the composing structures of materials in detail, it has also allowed us to fabricate and synthesize such nanostructures using top-down and bottom-up approaches. One such field, which has been significantly influenced by the dawn of nanotechnology is biomimetics. With powerful spectroscopic and microscopic tools presenting us with images like double nanostructured pillars on the lotus surface for superhydrophobicity, the conical protuberances of moth eye demonstrating anti-reflection properties and nanostructured spatulae of gecko feet for high adhesivity, we are now able to fabricate these structures in the lab with properties showing close resemblance to their natural counterparts. Here, we present a review of various nanostructures that exist in nature, their fabrication techniques and some of their promising future applications. We hope this review will provide the reader with a basic understanding of what biomimetics is and how nanotechnology has significantly influenced this field.

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga on antioxidant status and kidney function in hypertensive patients

Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Studies on micronutrient and antioxidant potential of grapes available in India for their nutraceutical value. Journal of Food Science and Technology

Journal of Food Science and Technology -Mysore-

Research paper thumbnail of Vaishali Agte and Kirtan V. Tarwadi Socioeconomic differencials among Indians in the nutritional status and aetiology of cataract Nutrition. 2011 Jan;27(1):40-5. Epub 2010 May 15

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga on some physiological and biochemical parameters in mild hypertensive patients

Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology

An open label intervention study was undertaken on 26 mild hypertensives and 26 apparently health... more An open label intervention study was undertaken on 26 mild hypertensives and 26 apparently healthy adults (30-60 y), for the effect of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga practice for two months as complementary therapy. In the hypertensives, there was a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01), serum urea (P < 0.01) and plasma MDA (malondialdehyde adducts) as oxidative stress marker (P < 0.05). Other parameters; viz.; plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, did not change significantly (P > 0.1). The pattern of change in most of the study parameters was such that values above normal range were lowered but values within normal range were unaltered. The action of Yoga on diastolic blood pressure, malondialdehyde adducts and kidney function in hypertensives was of counteractive nature and felt to be distinctly different than the effect of drugs.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative in vitro uptake of zinc by erythrocytes of normal vs Type 2 diabetic individuals and the associated factors

Diabetes, nutrition & metabolism, 2004

Diabetes is an oxidative stress-related disorder in which erythrocyte zinc uptake may vary as com... more Diabetes is an oxidative stress-related disorder in which erythrocyte zinc uptake may vary as compared to healthy individuals. Since zinc is one of the important antioxidant trace metals, some functional indices of erythrocyte zinc status, ie in vitro zinc uptake, osmotic fragility and glucose uptake, were compared in Type 2 diabetic subjects (n=43) and healthy controls (n=22). The associations of these indices with plasma levels of antioxidants and micronutrients were examined. The trace metals were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Vitamins were estimated using spectrophotometric and spectroflourometric methods. In vitro zinc uptakes of healthy subjects were 17 to 52% higher (p<0.01) than those for diabetic subjects. The osmotic fragility for diabetic cells was 2.2 to 1.5 times higher than the healthy cells in 0.85-0.5% NaCl solutions (p<0.05). Percent hemolysis at 0.75, 0.65 and 0.55% NaCl had significant negative correlations (p<0.05) with in vitro zinc u...

Research paper thumbnail of Role of Diet Related Habits and Cooking Practices on Bioavailability of Iron, Copper, and Zinc and Status of Iron in Vegetarians

Trace Elements in Man and Animals 10, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of The Influence of Various Food Ingredients and Their Combinations on in Vitro Availability of Iron and Zinc in Cereal Based Vegetarian Meals

Trace Elements in Man and Animals 10, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of Nutritional Status, Socioeconomic Factors, Alcohol, and Cataracts

Alcohol, Nutrition, and Health Consequences, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Factors Influencing Zinc Status of Apparently Healthy Indians

Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2005

To identify dietary, environmental and socio-economic factors associated with mild zinc deficienc... more To identify dietary, environmental and socio-economic factors associated with mild zinc deficiency, three zinc status indices; erythrocyte membrane zinc (RBCMZn), plasma zinc and super oxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed in free living and apparently healthy Indian population. Dietary patterns of 232 men and 223 women (20-65 yr) from rural, industrial and urban regions of Western India were evaluated by food frequency questionnaire. RBCMZn was estimated using atomic absorption spectrometry, hemoglobin and serum ceruloplasmin by spectrophotometer. On a sub sample (48 men and 51 women) plasma zinc and SOD were also assessed. Mean RBCMZn was 0.5 +/- 0.1 micromols/g protein with 46% individuals showing zinc deficiency. Mean plasma zinc was 0.98 +/- 0.12 microg/mL with 25% men and 2.5% women having values below normal range. Mean SOD was 0.97 +/- 0.1 (u/mL cells). A significant positive correlation was observed between intakes of green leafy vegetables, other vegetables and milk products with RBCMZn status (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). But these were not correlated with plasma zinc (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.2). Cereal and legume intakes were negatively correlated with RBCMZn (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) but positively correlated with plasma zinc (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) and not correlated with SOD (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.2). Fruit and other vegetable intake were positively correlated with SOD (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) alone. Logistic regression analyses revealed that RBCMZn was positively associated with intakes of beta-carotene, zinc and environmental conditions and negatively associated with family size (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Plasma zinc indicated positive association with zinc, thiamin and riboflavin intakes (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) and SOD showed negative association with iron and family size. RBCMZn was a more sensitive indicator of long-term zinc status than plasma zinc and SOD. Prominent determinants of zinc status were intakes of beta-carotene and zinc along with environmental conditions and family size.

Research paper thumbnail of Micronutrient Deficiencies as Predisposing Factors for Hypertension in Lacto-Vegetarian Indian Adults

Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2004

With the increasing knowledge about the antioxidant potential of many micronutrients such as zinc... more With the increasing knowledge about the antioxidant potential of many micronutrients such as zinc and vitamin C, their roles in oxidative stress related health disorders have been postulated. This study therefore investigated low micronutrient status as a predisposing factor for hypertension in a traditionally lacto-vegetarian population like Indians. Micronutrient profile was assessed in 109 hypertensives with age-gender-socio-economic status matched 115 healthy normotensives (30-58 years of age). Food intakes were estimated through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Nutrient intakes were then evaluated by previous estimates of cooked foods from our laboratory. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), age, weight, height, waist and hip circumference, occupation, physical activity, smoking habits were recorded. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin, serum level of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, ceruloplasmin, plasma level of ascorbic acid, folic acid, retinol, erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGRAC) and erythrocyte membrane zinc. There were no significant differences between protein, fat intakes of normal and hypertensive individuals, though intakes of men were higher than those of women (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Intakes of omega-6 fatty acids were higher (p = 0.08) and omega-3 fatty acids were lower in hypertensive men than normotensive men (p = 0.04). Gender differences were also significant for micronutrient intakes except vitamin C and beta-carotene. Intakes of potassium, copper, folic acid and vitamin C were significantly lower in hypertensive individuals than in normotenisves. No significant association was found between occupation or activity level and hypertension (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.2) in these subjects. Conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that intakes of vitamin C, folic acid and zinc were associated with 18% (OR = 1.18, 95% CI:1.08, 1.26), 51% (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 0.94, 2.1) higher odds for hypertension, and 3% lower odds for hypertension (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.92, 1.01), respectively. Mean plasma vitamin C and folic acid were significantly higher (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01), and serum ceruloplasmin and erythrocyte membrane zinc were marginally higher (p = 0.07) in normal than hypertensive subjects. In multivariate linear regression analyses, plasma vitamin C, serum ceruloplasmin and erythrocyte membrane zinc were negatively associated with SBP (p = 0.00001) and plasma vitamin C was negatively associated with DBP (p = 0.0001). Low dietary intakes of vitamin C, folic acid and zinc emerged as the possible risk factors for hypertension. Further, lower levels of plasma vitamin C, erythrocyte membrane zinc and ceruloplasmin were found to be the putative intermediary biomarkers in pathogenesis of hypertension.

Research paper thumbnail of Phytate Degradation During Traditional Cooking: Significance of the Phytic Acid Profile in Cereal-Based Vegetarian Meals

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 1999

... S. Khokhar, Pushpanjali and GR Fenwick, Phytate content of Indian foods and intakes by vegeta... more ... S. Khokhar, Pushpanjali and GR Fenwick, Phytate content of Indian foods and intakes by vegetarian Indians of Hisar region, Hariyana state. ... RB Singh, VC Gupta, N. Mittal, MA Niaz, S. Ghosh and V. Rastogi, Epidemiological study of trace elements and Mg and risk of coronary ...

Research paper thumbnail of Fortification of vegetarian diets for increasing bioavailable iron density using green leafy vegetables

Food Research International, 1999

There is a high prevalence of iron de®ciency anaemia in many developing countries today; especial... more There is a high prevalence of iron de®ciency anaemia in many developing countries today; especially in vegetarian women. The major cause of this state is low bioavailability of nonheme iron from vegetarian diets. An investigation was undertaken to improve bioavailable contents of nonheme iron from vegetarian meals. Forty-eight meals with combinations of roti (unleavened whole cereal pancake) of one of the six cereals and one of the four commonly consumed green leafy vegetables (GLV) along with 35 meals with cereal roti and fruit vegetable/legume were tested for their in vitro dialysability of iron using simulated gastrointestinal conditions and standardised protocol with 59 Fe as a tracer. Average bioavailable iron density of GLV-based meals was signi®cantly higher (1.20.7 mg /1000 kcal) as against the value in prevailing dietary patterns having cereal-legume or cereal-fruit vegetable combinations (0.360.17 mg/1000 kcal, p40.001). Around 31 GLV-based meals were identi®ed as having higher amounts of bioavailable iron density than 0.75 mg/1000 kcal. Thus, one such GLV-based meal per day will increase gross as well as bioavailable iron intake which will help in meeting daily requirements of iron especially for vegetarian women of reproductive age.

Research paper thumbnail of Potential of traditionally cooked green leafy vegetables as natural sources for supplementation of eight micronutrients in vegetarian diets

Journal of Food …, 2000

The potential of 24 green leafy vegetables (GLV) in cooked form was assessed for the contents of ... more The potential of 24 green leafy vegetables (GLV) in cooked form was assessed for the contents of eight micronutrients; bioavailability of iron, zinc and copper; and for proximate principles. The bioavailable densities of iron, zinc and copper (1.3±1.2, 1.1±0.5, 0.7±0.3 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Vitamin profile of cooked foods: how healthy is the practice of ready-to-eat foods?

International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 2002

During recent years importance of B complex vitamins, beta-carotene and vitamin C has been realis... more During recent years importance of B complex vitamins, beta-carotene and vitamin C has been realised in terms of their antioxidative and anticarcinogenic properties. Fruits and vegetables are the rich sources of these vitamins. However, there are considerable cooking losses of vitamins, and information on vitamin contents of cooked foods is essential for assessing the adequacy of vitamin intakes. Secondly, there is a growing trend to consume ready-to-eat foods such as stuffed pancakes (samosa, patties), pastries, French fries; replacing traditional foods for lunch or dinner like roti, vegetable curry, bread, non-vegetarian items. Ready-to-eat foods are considered to give empty calories rather than a balanced diet. A study was undertaken to estimate ascorbic acid, folic acid, riboflavin, thiamine and beta-carotene of 263 cooked food samples and 260 meals representing dietary patterns of Asia, Africa, Europe, USA and Latin America by spectrophotometry and photoflurometry. A broad range...