Don Knox - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Don Knox

Research paper thumbnail of Experience sampling: Assessing urban soundscapes using in-situ participatory methods

Research paper thumbnail of Emotion classification of Western contemporary music: identifying a representative feature set

Emotion classification algorithms rely on an extraction process to create numerical representatio... more Emotion classification algorithms rely on an extraction process to create numerical representations of raw music information. The result is a feature vector which is used to characterise the audio signal within a specific context or application. Frequency domain analysis is the primary ...

Research paper thumbnail of Why buy an album? The motivations behind recorded music purchases

Psychomusicology: Music, Mind, and Brain, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive factors in generative music systems

Proceedings of the 9th Audio Mostly, Oct 1, 2014

ABSTRACT This research aims to inform the development of generative music algorithms with princip... more ABSTRACT This research aims to inform the development of generative music algorithms with principles drawn from research into music perception and cognition. Research has provided insights into the ways humans mentally organise musical sound and resulted in development of complex theories of musical expectation. Implementing these theories in generative music systems has the potential to produce music which is perceptually more meaningful for the listener. A detailed description of a prototype generative music algorithm is given. The algorithm aims to automatically create music that displays tonal and metric hierarchies in a Western tonal style, grouping structure and encourages the formation of musical expectations. The extent to which the system goals have been achieved is evaluated by objective analysis. Subjective analysis of the system output is suggested as a crucial aspect of further work.

Research paper thumbnail of Emotion Recognition in Western Popular Music: The Role of Melodic Structure

Music Emotion Recognition (MER) involves modelling the relationship between musical features and ... more Music Emotion Recognition (MER) involves modelling the relationship between musical features and expressed emotion. Previous work in this field concentrates on the extraction of spectrally derived acoustical and psychoacoustical features. However, this method has reached a 'glass ceiling' with respect to the accuracy in which MER algorithms can identify music emotion .

Research paper thumbnail of A reflexive audio environment using genetic algorithms

Sonification – the production of sound to represent some form of data or information, has been ap... more Sonification – the production of sound to represent some form of data or information, has been applied in various fields including analysis of financial, meteorological and physiological data. A system overview is presented which is based on analysis of socio-spatial ...

Research paper thumbnail of A Feature Survey for Emotion Classification of Western Popular Music

In this paper we propose a feature set for emotion classification of Western popular music. We sh... more In this paper we propose a feature set for emotion classification of Western popular music. We show that by surveying a range of common feature extraction methods, a set of five features can model emotion with good accuracy. To evaluate the system we implement an independent feature evaluation paradigm aimed at testing the property of generalizability; the ability of a machine learning algorithm to maintain good performance over different data sets.

Research paper thumbnail of Composing with algorithms

Proceedings of the 7th Audio Mostly Conference on A Conference on Interaction with Sound - AM '12, 2012

Most composers may at some point struggle with the creative process. Breaking fr own limitations ... more Most composers may at some point struggle with the creative process. Breaking fr own limitations can be achieved through the use of algorithmic approaches to music creation. This project is aimed at development of two algorithmic compositional tools, which can be used within the Digital Audio Workstation Ableton with Max for Live software. The first employs 2nd order Markov chains to aid composers in creation of unique midi melodies. The second approach uses Cellular Automata to select loop points in digital audio files, shuffling audio segments in time to create new patterns. Results suggest these systems have the potential to inspire composers, allow them to augment their compositions, and in turn help them overcome creative problems.

Research paper thumbnail of Use of novel controllers in surround sound production

... International Conference on Music Communication Science, Sydney, Australia. (2007) [11] Sezne... more ... International Conference on Music Communication Science, Sydney, Australia. (2007) [11] Seznec,Yann. The Wii Loop Machine Musical Software Development for the Nintendo Wii Remote. Proceedings of Audio Mostly (2007) [12] Nintendo. Wii Music Game. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Factors Affecting Music Preferences for Relaxation

Research paper thumbnail of A Cross Cultural Study of Music Listening Experience, Preference and Health

Research paper thumbnail of An analysis of structural components of music chosen for pain relieving purposes

This research involved analysing the structural components of music in relation to the use of mus... more This research involved analysing the structural components of music in relation to the use of music in pain relief.

Research paper thumbnail of Multimedia Application of Time Compress/Stretch of Sound by Granulation

Research paper thumbnail of Making music after stroke: developing a novel intervention to enhance arm function

Research paper thumbnail of A Cross Cultural Study of Music Listening Experience, Preference and Health Wellbeing

Research paper thumbnail of ‘Are they filthy rich?’: A thematic analysis of the motivations behind recorded and live music purchases

While recent piracy trends point towards a decreased willingness to pay for music, the increase i... more While recent piracy trends point towards a decreased willingness to pay for music, the increase in the popularity of live music suggests otherwise. There is a lack of research exploring this changing relationship between recorded and live music. While much is known about live music attendance motivators, little attention has been paid to motivation for purchasing recorded music. In the present study, the unique motivations for why music fans decide to 1) purchase recorded music and 2) go to live concerts is of interest. Data gathered from two open-ended questionnaires were analysed thematically and two key themes were identified for recorded music purchases: Objective and Subjective. Four key themes were identified for live music purchases: Experience, Engagement, Novelty and Practical. Where the unknown, novel aspects of live music were key motivators, demonstrating live music as an ‘experience good’, the known aspects of recorded music were markedly salient amongst participants. H...

Research paper thumbnail of Emotion Recognition in Western Popular Music: The Role of Melodic Structure

Music Emotion Recognition (MER) involves modelling the relationship between musical features and ... more Music Emotion Recognition (MER) involves modelling the relationship between musical features and expressed emotion. Previous work in this field concentrates on the extraction of spectrally derived acoustical and psychoacoustical features. However, this method has reached a 'glass ceiling' with respect to the accuracy in which MER algorithms can identify music emotion .

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive factors in generative music systems

Proceedings of the 9th Audio Mostly on A Conference on Interaction With Sound - AM '14, 2014

ABSTRACT This research aims to inform the development of generative music algorithms with princip... more ABSTRACT This research aims to inform the development of generative music algorithms with principles drawn from research into music perception and cognition. Research has provided insights into the ways humans mentally organise musical sound and resulted in development of complex theories of musical expectation. Implementing these theories in generative music systems has the potential to produce music which is perceptually more meaningful for the listener. A detailed description of a prototype generative music algorithm is given. The algorithm aims to automatically create music that displays tonal and metric hierarchies in a Western tonal style, grouping structure and encourages the formation of musical expectations. The extent to which the system goals have been achieved is evaluated by objective analysis. Subjective analysis of the system output is suggested as a crucial aspect of further work.

Research paper thumbnail of The perceived annoyance of urban soundscapes

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2014

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Preservation of local sound periodicity with variable-rate video

Proceedings of the seventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (Part 1) - MULTIMEDIA '99, 1999

A method of allowing pitch preservation of sound with variable-rate video playback is suggested. ... more A method of allowing pitch preservation of sound with variable-rate video playback is suggested. This is an important factor in monitoring of audio content for cueing purposes. Methods of separately considering a signal's frequency and time representations are considered with a view to performing time-scale modification with preservation of local periodicity (pitch). Particular emphasis is placed upon granulation in time of a sampled source -a technique based upon Dennis Gabor's landmark papers in 1946 and 1947 and developed in the field of computer music. This relatively simple method requires no prior signal analysis and is therefore a less computationally expensive method of achieving the goals stated above. This is an important point considering the need for real-time implementation. The process does however introduce some distortion, and investigation into how this may be minimised is necessary to produce acceptable results.

Research paper thumbnail of Experience sampling: Assessing urban soundscapes using in-situ participatory methods

Research paper thumbnail of Emotion classification of Western contemporary music: identifying a representative feature set

Emotion classification algorithms rely on an extraction process to create numerical representatio... more Emotion classification algorithms rely on an extraction process to create numerical representations of raw music information. The result is a feature vector which is used to characterise the audio signal within a specific context or application. Frequency domain analysis is the primary ...

Research paper thumbnail of Why buy an album? The motivations behind recorded music purchases

Psychomusicology: Music, Mind, and Brain, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive factors in generative music systems

Proceedings of the 9th Audio Mostly, Oct 1, 2014

ABSTRACT This research aims to inform the development of generative music algorithms with princip... more ABSTRACT This research aims to inform the development of generative music algorithms with principles drawn from research into music perception and cognition. Research has provided insights into the ways humans mentally organise musical sound and resulted in development of complex theories of musical expectation. Implementing these theories in generative music systems has the potential to produce music which is perceptually more meaningful for the listener. A detailed description of a prototype generative music algorithm is given. The algorithm aims to automatically create music that displays tonal and metric hierarchies in a Western tonal style, grouping structure and encourages the formation of musical expectations. The extent to which the system goals have been achieved is evaluated by objective analysis. Subjective analysis of the system output is suggested as a crucial aspect of further work.

Research paper thumbnail of Emotion Recognition in Western Popular Music: The Role of Melodic Structure

Music Emotion Recognition (MER) involves modelling the relationship between musical features and ... more Music Emotion Recognition (MER) involves modelling the relationship between musical features and expressed emotion. Previous work in this field concentrates on the extraction of spectrally derived acoustical and psychoacoustical features. However, this method has reached a 'glass ceiling' with respect to the accuracy in which MER algorithms can identify music emotion .

Research paper thumbnail of A reflexive audio environment using genetic algorithms

Sonification – the production of sound to represent some form of data or information, has been ap... more Sonification – the production of sound to represent some form of data or information, has been applied in various fields including analysis of financial, meteorological and physiological data. A system overview is presented which is based on analysis of socio-spatial ...

Research paper thumbnail of A Feature Survey for Emotion Classification of Western Popular Music

In this paper we propose a feature set for emotion classification of Western popular music. We sh... more In this paper we propose a feature set for emotion classification of Western popular music. We show that by surveying a range of common feature extraction methods, a set of five features can model emotion with good accuracy. To evaluate the system we implement an independent feature evaluation paradigm aimed at testing the property of generalizability; the ability of a machine learning algorithm to maintain good performance over different data sets.

Research paper thumbnail of Composing with algorithms

Proceedings of the 7th Audio Mostly Conference on A Conference on Interaction with Sound - AM '12, 2012

Most composers may at some point struggle with the creative process. Breaking fr own limitations ... more Most composers may at some point struggle with the creative process. Breaking fr own limitations can be achieved through the use of algorithmic approaches to music creation. This project is aimed at development of two algorithmic compositional tools, which can be used within the Digital Audio Workstation Ableton with Max for Live software. The first employs 2nd order Markov chains to aid composers in creation of unique midi melodies. The second approach uses Cellular Automata to select loop points in digital audio files, shuffling audio segments in time to create new patterns. Results suggest these systems have the potential to inspire composers, allow them to augment their compositions, and in turn help them overcome creative problems.

Research paper thumbnail of Use of novel controllers in surround sound production

... International Conference on Music Communication Science, Sydney, Australia. (2007) [11] Sezne... more ... International Conference on Music Communication Science, Sydney, Australia. (2007) [11] Seznec,Yann. The Wii Loop Machine Musical Software Development for the Nintendo Wii Remote. Proceedings of Audio Mostly (2007) [12] Nintendo. Wii Music Game. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Factors Affecting Music Preferences for Relaxation

Research paper thumbnail of A Cross Cultural Study of Music Listening Experience, Preference and Health

Research paper thumbnail of An analysis of structural components of music chosen for pain relieving purposes

This research involved analysing the structural components of music in relation to the use of mus... more This research involved analysing the structural components of music in relation to the use of music in pain relief.

Research paper thumbnail of Multimedia Application of Time Compress/Stretch of Sound by Granulation

Research paper thumbnail of Making music after stroke: developing a novel intervention to enhance arm function

Research paper thumbnail of A Cross Cultural Study of Music Listening Experience, Preference and Health Wellbeing

Research paper thumbnail of ‘Are they filthy rich?’: A thematic analysis of the motivations behind recorded and live music purchases

While recent piracy trends point towards a decreased willingness to pay for music, the increase i... more While recent piracy trends point towards a decreased willingness to pay for music, the increase in the popularity of live music suggests otherwise. There is a lack of research exploring this changing relationship between recorded and live music. While much is known about live music attendance motivators, little attention has been paid to motivation for purchasing recorded music. In the present study, the unique motivations for why music fans decide to 1) purchase recorded music and 2) go to live concerts is of interest. Data gathered from two open-ended questionnaires were analysed thematically and two key themes were identified for recorded music purchases: Objective and Subjective. Four key themes were identified for live music purchases: Experience, Engagement, Novelty and Practical. Where the unknown, novel aspects of live music were key motivators, demonstrating live music as an ‘experience good’, the known aspects of recorded music were markedly salient amongst participants. H...

Research paper thumbnail of Emotion Recognition in Western Popular Music: The Role of Melodic Structure

Music Emotion Recognition (MER) involves modelling the relationship between musical features and ... more Music Emotion Recognition (MER) involves modelling the relationship between musical features and expressed emotion. Previous work in this field concentrates on the extraction of spectrally derived acoustical and psychoacoustical features. However, this method has reached a 'glass ceiling' with respect to the accuracy in which MER algorithms can identify music emotion .

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive factors in generative music systems

Proceedings of the 9th Audio Mostly on A Conference on Interaction With Sound - AM '14, 2014

ABSTRACT This research aims to inform the development of generative music algorithms with princip... more ABSTRACT This research aims to inform the development of generative music algorithms with principles drawn from research into music perception and cognition. Research has provided insights into the ways humans mentally organise musical sound and resulted in development of complex theories of musical expectation. Implementing these theories in generative music systems has the potential to produce music which is perceptually more meaningful for the listener. A detailed description of a prototype generative music algorithm is given. The algorithm aims to automatically create music that displays tonal and metric hierarchies in a Western tonal style, grouping structure and encourages the formation of musical expectations. The extent to which the system goals have been achieved is evaluated by objective analysis. Subjective analysis of the system output is suggested as a crucial aspect of further work.

Research paper thumbnail of The perceived annoyance of urban soundscapes

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2014

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Preservation of local sound periodicity with variable-rate video

Proceedings of the seventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (Part 1) - MULTIMEDIA '99, 1999

A method of allowing pitch preservation of sound with variable-rate video playback is suggested. ... more A method of allowing pitch preservation of sound with variable-rate video playback is suggested. This is an important factor in monitoring of audio content for cueing purposes. Methods of separately considering a signal's frequency and time representations are considered with a view to performing time-scale modification with preservation of local periodicity (pitch). Particular emphasis is placed upon granulation in time of a sampled source -a technique based upon Dennis Gabor's landmark papers in 1946 and 1947 and developed in the field of computer music. This relatively simple method requires no prior signal analysis and is therefore a less computationally expensive method of achieving the goals stated above. This is an important point considering the need for real-time implementation. The process does however introduce some distortion, and investigation into how this may be minimised is necessary to produce acceptable results.