Koen Raedt - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Koen Raedt

Research paper thumbnail of A simulator for quantum computer hardware

The Quantum Computer Emulator (QCE) described in this paper consists of a simulator of a generic,... more The Quantum Computer Emulator (QCE) described in this paper consists of a simulator of a generic, general purpose quantum computer and a graphical user interface. The latter is used to control the sim- ulator, to dene the hardware of the quantum computer and to debug and execute quantum algorithms. QCE runs in a Windows 98/NT/2000/ME/XP environment. It can be used

Research paper thumbnail of Event-based simulation of single-photon beam splitters and Mach-Zehnder interferometers

We demonstrate that networks of locally connected processing units with a primitive learning capa... more We demonstrate that networks of locally connected processing units with a primitive learning capability exhibit behavior that is usually only attributed to quantum systems. We describe networks that simulate single-photon beam-splitter and Mach-Zehnder interferometer experiments on a causal, event-by-event basis and demonstrate that the simulation results are in excellent agreement with quantum theory.

Research paper thumbnail of Deterministic Event-based Simulation of Universal Quantum Computation

Springer Proceedings in Physics, 2006

We demonstrate that locally connected networks of classical processing units that have primitive ... more We demonstrate that locally connected networks of classical processing units that have primitive learning capabilities can be used to perform a deterministic, event-based simulation of universal quantum computation. The new simulation method is applied to implement Shor’s factoring algorithm.

Research paper thumbnail of Number partitioning on a quantum computer

Physics Letters A, 2001

We present an algorithm to compute the number of solutions of the (constrained) number partitioni... more We present an algorithm to compute the number of solutions of the (constrained) number partitioning problem. A concrete implementation of the algorithm on an Ising-type quantum computer is given.

Research paper thumbnail of A simulator for quantum computer hardware

Nanotechnology, 2002

... PII: S0957-4484(02)25285-X A simulator for quantum computer hardware Kristel Michielsen1, Han... more ... PII: S0957-4484(02)25285-X A simulator for quantum computer hardware Kristel Michielsen1, Hans De Raedt1,3 and Koen De Raedt2 ... In experiments, the operation of elementary quantum logic gates using ion traps, cavity QED, and NMR technology has been demonstrated. ...

Research paper thumbnail of New Method to Simulate Quantum Interference Using Deterministic Processes and Application to Event-based Simulation of Quantum Computation

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2005

We demonstrate that networks of locally connected processing units with a primitive learning capa... more We demonstrate that networks of locally connected processing units with a primitive learning capability exhibit behavior that is usually only attributed to quantum systems. We describe networks that simulate single-photon beam-splitter and Mach-Zehnder interferometer experiments on a causal, event-by-event basis and demonstrate that the simulation results are in excellent agreement with quantum theory. We also show that this approach can be generalized to simulate universal quantum computers. 4 5 6 7 z z z z z z z z Fig. 5. Diagram of a DLM-based processor that simulates a CNOT gate on an event-by-event basis.

Research paper thumbnail of Event-Based Computer Simulation Model of Aspect-Type Experiments Strictly Satisfying Einstein's Locality Conditions

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2007

Inspired by Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiments with photons, we construct an event-based si... more Inspired by Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiments with photons, we construct an event-based simulation model in which every essential element in the ideal experiment has a counterpart. The model satisfies Einstein's criteria of local causality and does not rely on concepts of quantum and probability theory. We consider experiments in which the averages correspond to those of a singlet and product state of a system of two S = 1/2 particles.

Research paper thumbnail of Simulation of Quantum Computation: A Deterministic Event-Based Approach

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 2005

We demonstrate that locally connected networks of machines that have primitive learning capabilit... more We demonstrate that locally connected networks of machines that have primitive learning capabilities can be used to perform a deterministic, event-based simulation of quantum computation. We present simulation results for basic quantum operations such as the Hadamard and the controlled-NOT gate, and for seven-qubit quantum networks that implement Shor's numbering factoring algorithm.

Research paper thumbnail of Event-based simulation of single-photon beam splitters and Mach-Zehnder interferometers

Europhysics Letters (EPL), 2005

We demonstrate that networks of locally connected processing units with a primitive learning capa... more We demonstrate that networks of locally connected processing units with a primitive learning capability exhibit behavior that is usually only attributed to quantum systems. We describe networks that simulate single-photon beam-splitter and Mach-Zehnder interferometer experiments on a causal, event-by-event basis and demonstrate that the simulation results are in excellent agreement with quantum theory. ( * )

Research paper thumbnail of A local realist model for correlations of the singlet state

The European Physical Journal B, 2006

Can quantum correlations of the singlet state be produced by two separate subsystems which have i... more Can quantum correlations of the singlet state be produced by two separate subsystems which have interacted in the past but do not communicate? We show that, using a locally causal realist model of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiment, the answer is affirmative if coincidence in time is used to decide which detection events are stemming from a single two-particle system, the criterion employed in all experimental realizations of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm gedanken experiment.

Research paper thumbnail of Massively parallel quantum computer simulator

Computer Physics Communications, 2007

We describe portable software to simulate universal quantum computers on massive parallel compute... more We describe portable software to simulate universal quantum computers on massive parallel computers. We illustrate the use of the simulation software by running various quantum algorithms on different computer architectures, such as a IBM BlueGene/L, a IBM Regatta p690+, a Hitachi SR11000/J1, a Cray X1E, a SGI Altix 3700 and clusters of PCs running Windows XP. We study the performance of the software by simulating quantum computers containing up to 36 qubits, using up to 4096 processors and up to 1 TB of memory. Our results demonstrate that the simulator exhibits nearly ideal scaling as a function of the number of processors and suggest that the simulation software described in this paper may also serve as benchmark for testing high-end parallel computers.

Research paper thumbnail of A computer program to simulate Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen–Bohm experiments with photons

Computer Physics Communications, 2007

Starting from the data gathering and analysis procedures used in Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm exp... more Starting from the data gathering and analysis procedures used in Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiments with photons, we construct a simulation algorithm that satisfies Einstein's criteria of local causality and realism and generates the same type of data as recorded in these idealized experiments. The simulation data is analyzed according to the experimental procedure to count coincidences, that is by using an expression for the coincidence counts that, besides depending on the settings of the variable polarizers, explicitly depends on the difference of the time tags of the detection signals in both observation stations and on an adjustable time window. We demonstrate that the simulation algorithm produces data that agrees with the two-particle correlation for the singlet state.

Research paper thumbnail of Deterministic event-based simulation of quantum phenomena

Computer Physics Communications, 2005

We propose and analyse simple deterministic algorithms that can be used to construct machines tha... more We propose and analyse simple deterministic algorithms that can be used to construct machines that have primitive learning capabilities. We demonstrate that locally connected networks of these machines can be used to perform blind classification on an event-by-event basis, without storing the information of the individual events. We also demonstrate that properly designed networks of these machines exhibit behavior that is usually only attributed to quantum systems. We present networks that simulate quantum interference on an event-by-event basis. In particular we show that by using simple geometry and the learning capabilities of the machines it becomes possible to simulate singlephoton interference in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The interference pattern generated by the network of deterministic learning machines is in perfect agreement with the quantum theoretical result for the single-photon Mach-Zehnder interferometer. To illustrate that networks of these machines are indeed capable of simulating quantum interference we simulate, event-by-event, a setup involving two chained Mach-Zehnder interferometers. We show that also in this case the simulation results agree with quantum theory.

Research paper thumbnail of Efficient data processing and quantum phenomena: Single-particle systems

Computer Physics Communications, 2006

We study the relation between the acquisition and analysis of data and quantum theory using a pro... more We study the relation between the acquisition and analysis of data and quantum theory using a probabilistic and deterministic model for photon polarizers. We introduce criteria for efficient processing of data and then use these criteria to demonstrate that efficient processing of the data contained in single events is equivalent to the observation that Malus' law holds. A strictly deterministic process that also yields Malus' law is analyzed in detail. We present a performance analysis of the probabilistic and deterministic model of the photon polarizer. The latter is an adaptive dynamical system that has primitive learning capabilities. This additional feature has recently been shown to be sufficient to perform event-by-event simulations of interference phenomena, without using concepts of wave mechanics. We illustrate this by presenting results for a system of two chained Mach-Zehnder interferometers, suggesting that systems that perform efficient data processing and have learning capability are able to exhibit behavior that is usually attributed to quantum systems only.

Research paper thumbnail of Quantum Computer Emulator

Computer Physics Communications, 2000

We describe a quantum computer emulator for a generic, general purpose quantum computer. This emu... more We describe a quantum computer emulator for a generic, general purpose quantum computer. This emulator consists of a simulator of the physical realization of the quantum computer and a graphical user interface to program and control the simulator. We illustrate the use of the quantum computer emulator through various implementations of the Deutsch-Jozsa and Grover's database search algorithm.

Research paper thumbnail of Event-by-event simulation of quantum phenomena

Annalen der Physik, 2012

In various basic experiments in quantum physics, observations are recorded event-by-event. The fi... more In various basic experiments in quantum physics, observations are recorded event-by-event. The final outcome of such experiments can be computed according to the rules of quantum theory but quantum theory does not describe single events. In this paper, we describe a stimulation approach that does not rely on concepts of quantum theory but nevertheless generates events with frequencies that agree with quantum theory. In particular, we demonstrate that locally connected networks of processing units that have primitive learning capabilities can be used to perform a deterministic, event-based simulation of single-photon Mach-Zehnder interferometer experiments.

Research paper thumbnail of Event-by-event simulation of quantum phenomena: Application to Einstein-Podolosky-Rosen-Bohm experiments

Journal of …, 2007

We review the data gathering and analysis procedure used in real Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm exp... more We review the data gathering and analysis procedure used in real Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiments with photons and we illustrate the procedure by analyzing experimental data. Based on this analysis, we construct event-based computer simulation models in which every essential element in the experiment has a counterpart. The data is analyzed by counting single-particle events and two-particle coincidences, using the same procedure as in experiments. The simulation models strictly satisfy Einstein's criteria of local causality, do not rely on any concept of quantum theory or probability theory, and reproduce the results of quantum theory for a quantum system of two S = 1/2 particles. We present a rigorous analytical treatment of these models and show that they may yield results that are in exact agreement with quantum theory. The apparent conflict with the folklore on Bell's theorem, stating that such models are not supposed to exist, is resolved. Finally, starting from the principles of probable inference, we derive the probability distributions of quantum theory of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiment without invoking concepts of quantum theory.

Research paper thumbnail of Mapping Graphs on the Sphere to the Finite Plane

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2002

A method is introduced to map a graph on the sphere to the finite plane. The method works by firs... more A method is introduced to map a graph on the sphere to the finite plane. The method works by first mapping the graph on the sphere to a tetrahedron. Then the graph on the tetrahedron is mapped to the plane. Using this mapping, arc intersection on the sphere, overlaying subdivisions on the sphere and point location on the sphere may be done by using algorithms in the plane.

Research paper thumbnail of A simulator for quantum computer hardware

The Quantum Computer Emulator (QCE) described in this paper consists of a simulator of a generic,... more The Quantum Computer Emulator (QCE) described in this paper consists of a simulator of a generic, general purpose quantum computer and a graphical user interface. The latter is used to control the sim- ulator, to dene the hardware of the quantum computer and to debug and execute quantum algorithms. QCE runs in a Windows 98/NT/2000/ME/XP environment. It can be used

Research paper thumbnail of Event-based simulation of single-photon beam splitters and Mach-Zehnder interferometers

We demonstrate that networks of locally connected processing units with a primitive learning capa... more We demonstrate that networks of locally connected processing units with a primitive learning capability exhibit behavior that is usually only attributed to quantum systems. We describe networks that simulate single-photon beam-splitter and Mach-Zehnder interferometer experiments on a causal, event-by-event basis and demonstrate that the simulation results are in excellent agreement with quantum theory.

Research paper thumbnail of Deterministic Event-based Simulation of Universal Quantum Computation

Springer Proceedings in Physics, 2006

We demonstrate that locally connected networks of classical processing units that have primitive ... more We demonstrate that locally connected networks of classical processing units that have primitive learning capabilities can be used to perform a deterministic, event-based simulation of universal quantum computation. The new simulation method is applied to implement Shor’s factoring algorithm.

Research paper thumbnail of Number partitioning on a quantum computer

Physics Letters A, 2001

We present an algorithm to compute the number of solutions of the (constrained) number partitioni... more We present an algorithm to compute the number of solutions of the (constrained) number partitioning problem. A concrete implementation of the algorithm on an Ising-type quantum computer is given.

Research paper thumbnail of A simulator for quantum computer hardware

Nanotechnology, 2002

... PII: S0957-4484(02)25285-X A simulator for quantum computer hardware Kristel Michielsen1, Han... more ... PII: S0957-4484(02)25285-X A simulator for quantum computer hardware Kristel Michielsen1, Hans De Raedt1,3 and Koen De Raedt2 ... In experiments, the operation of elementary quantum logic gates using ion traps, cavity QED, and NMR technology has been demonstrated. ...

Research paper thumbnail of New Method to Simulate Quantum Interference Using Deterministic Processes and Application to Event-based Simulation of Quantum Computation

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2005

We demonstrate that networks of locally connected processing units with a primitive learning capa... more We demonstrate that networks of locally connected processing units with a primitive learning capability exhibit behavior that is usually only attributed to quantum systems. We describe networks that simulate single-photon beam-splitter and Mach-Zehnder interferometer experiments on a causal, event-by-event basis and demonstrate that the simulation results are in excellent agreement with quantum theory. We also show that this approach can be generalized to simulate universal quantum computers. 4 5 6 7 z z z z z z z z Fig. 5. Diagram of a DLM-based processor that simulates a CNOT gate on an event-by-event basis.

Research paper thumbnail of Event-Based Computer Simulation Model of Aspect-Type Experiments Strictly Satisfying Einstein's Locality Conditions

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2007

Inspired by Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiments with photons, we construct an event-based si... more Inspired by Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiments with photons, we construct an event-based simulation model in which every essential element in the ideal experiment has a counterpart. The model satisfies Einstein's criteria of local causality and does not rely on concepts of quantum and probability theory. We consider experiments in which the averages correspond to those of a singlet and product state of a system of two S = 1/2 particles.

Research paper thumbnail of Simulation of Quantum Computation: A Deterministic Event-Based Approach

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 2005

We demonstrate that locally connected networks of machines that have primitive learning capabilit... more We demonstrate that locally connected networks of machines that have primitive learning capabilities can be used to perform a deterministic, event-based simulation of quantum computation. We present simulation results for basic quantum operations such as the Hadamard and the controlled-NOT gate, and for seven-qubit quantum networks that implement Shor's numbering factoring algorithm.

Research paper thumbnail of Event-based simulation of single-photon beam splitters and Mach-Zehnder interferometers

Europhysics Letters (EPL), 2005

We demonstrate that networks of locally connected processing units with a primitive learning capa... more We demonstrate that networks of locally connected processing units with a primitive learning capability exhibit behavior that is usually only attributed to quantum systems. We describe networks that simulate single-photon beam-splitter and Mach-Zehnder interferometer experiments on a causal, event-by-event basis and demonstrate that the simulation results are in excellent agreement with quantum theory. ( * )

Research paper thumbnail of A local realist model for correlations of the singlet state

The European Physical Journal B, 2006

Can quantum correlations of the singlet state be produced by two separate subsystems which have i... more Can quantum correlations of the singlet state be produced by two separate subsystems which have interacted in the past but do not communicate? We show that, using a locally causal realist model of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiment, the answer is affirmative if coincidence in time is used to decide which detection events are stemming from a single two-particle system, the criterion employed in all experimental realizations of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm gedanken experiment.

Research paper thumbnail of Massively parallel quantum computer simulator

Computer Physics Communications, 2007

We describe portable software to simulate universal quantum computers on massive parallel compute... more We describe portable software to simulate universal quantum computers on massive parallel computers. We illustrate the use of the simulation software by running various quantum algorithms on different computer architectures, such as a IBM BlueGene/L, a IBM Regatta p690+, a Hitachi SR11000/J1, a Cray X1E, a SGI Altix 3700 and clusters of PCs running Windows XP. We study the performance of the software by simulating quantum computers containing up to 36 qubits, using up to 4096 processors and up to 1 TB of memory. Our results demonstrate that the simulator exhibits nearly ideal scaling as a function of the number of processors and suggest that the simulation software described in this paper may also serve as benchmark for testing high-end parallel computers.

Research paper thumbnail of A computer program to simulate Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen–Bohm experiments with photons

Computer Physics Communications, 2007

Starting from the data gathering and analysis procedures used in Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm exp... more Starting from the data gathering and analysis procedures used in Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiments with photons, we construct a simulation algorithm that satisfies Einstein's criteria of local causality and realism and generates the same type of data as recorded in these idealized experiments. The simulation data is analyzed according to the experimental procedure to count coincidences, that is by using an expression for the coincidence counts that, besides depending on the settings of the variable polarizers, explicitly depends on the difference of the time tags of the detection signals in both observation stations and on an adjustable time window. We demonstrate that the simulation algorithm produces data that agrees with the two-particle correlation for the singlet state.

Research paper thumbnail of Deterministic event-based simulation of quantum phenomena

Computer Physics Communications, 2005

We propose and analyse simple deterministic algorithms that can be used to construct machines tha... more We propose and analyse simple deterministic algorithms that can be used to construct machines that have primitive learning capabilities. We demonstrate that locally connected networks of these machines can be used to perform blind classification on an event-by-event basis, without storing the information of the individual events. We also demonstrate that properly designed networks of these machines exhibit behavior that is usually only attributed to quantum systems. We present networks that simulate quantum interference on an event-by-event basis. In particular we show that by using simple geometry and the learning capabilities of the machines it becomes possible to simulate singlephoton interference in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The interference pattern generated by the network of deterministic learning machines is in perfect agreement with the quantum theoretical result for the single-photon Mach-Zehnder interferometer. To illustrate that networks of these machines are indeed capable of simulating quantum interference we simulate, event-by-event, a setup involving two chained Mach-Zehnder interferometers. We show that also in this case the simulation results agree with quantum theory.

Research paper thumbnail of Efficient data processing and quantum phenomena: Single-particle systems

Computer Physics Communications, 2006

We study the relation between the acquisition and analysis of data and quantum theory using a pro... more We study the relation between the acquisition and analysis of data and quantum theory using a probabilistic and deterministic model for photon polarizers. We introduce criteria for efficient processing of data and then use these criteria to demonstrate that efficient processing of the data contained in single events is equivalent to the observation that Malus' law holds. A strictly deterministic process that also yields Malus' law is analyzed in detail. We present a performance analysis of the probabilistic and deterministic model of the photon polarizer. The latter is an adaptive dynamical system that has primitive learning capabilities. This additional feature has recently been shown to be sufficient to perform event-by-event simulations of interference phenomena, without using concepts of wave mechanics. We illustrate this by presenting results for a system of two chained Mach-Zehnder interferometers, suggesting that systems that perform efficient data processing and have learning capability are able to exhibit behavior that is usually attributed to quantum systems only.

Research paper thumbnail of Quantum Computer Emulator

Computer Physics Communications, 2000

We describe a quantum computer emulator for a generic, general purpose quantum computer. This emu... more We describe a quantum computer emulator for a generic, general purpose quantum computer. This emulator consists of a simulator of the physical realization of the quantum computer and a graphical user interface to program and control the simulator. We illustrate the use of the quantum computer emulator through various implementations of the Deutsch-Jozsa and Grover's database search algorithm.

Research paper thumbnail of Event-by-event simulation of quantum phenomena

Annalen der Physik, 2012

In various basic experiments in quantum physics, observations are recorded event-by-event. The fi... more In various basic experiments in quantum physics, observations are recorded event-by-event. The final outcome of such experiments can be computed according to the rules of quantum theory but quantum theory does not describe single events. In this paper, we describe a stimulation approach that does not rely on concepts of quantum theory but nevertheless generates events with frequencies that agree with quantum theory. In particular, we demonstrate that locally connected networks of processing units that have primitive learning capabilities can be used to perform a deterministic, event-based simulation of single-photon Mach-Zehnder interferometer experiments.

Research paper thumbnail of Event-by-event simulation of quantum phenomena: Application to Einstein-Podolosky-Rosen-Bohm experiments

Journal of …, 2007

We review the data gathering and analysis procedure used in real Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm exp... more We review the data gathering and analysis procedure used in real Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiments with photons and we illustrate the procedure by analyzing experimental data. Based on this analysis, we construct event-based computer simulation models in which every essential element in the experiment has a counterpart. The data is analyzed by counting single-particle events and two-particle coincidences, using the same procedure as in experiments. The simulation models strictly satisfy Einstein's criteria of local causality, do not rely on any concept of quantum theory or probability theory, and reproduce the results of quantum theory for a quantum system of two S = 1/2 particles. We present a rigorous analytical treatment of these models and show that they may yield results that are in exact agreement with quantum theory. The apparent conflict with the folklore on Bell's theorem, stating that such models are not supposed to exist, is resolved. Finally, starting from the principles of probable inference, we derive the probability distributions of quantum theory of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiment without invoking concepts of quantum theory.

Research paper thumbnail of Mapping Graphs on the Sphere to the Finite Plane

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2002

A method is introduced to map a graph on the sphere to the finite plane. The method works by firs... more A method is introduced to map a graph on the sphere to the finite plane. The method works by first mapping the graph on the sphere to a tetrahedron. Then the graph on the tetrahedron is mapped to the plane. Using this mapping, arc intersection on the sphere, overlaying subdivisions on the sphere and point location on the sphere may be done by using algorithms in the plane.