Kohinur Begum - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Kohinur Begum

Journal of Fermentation Technology, 1988

We studied soil samples from Dhaka municipality area to isolate and characterize bacteria having ... more We studied soil samples from Dhaka municipality area to isolate and characterize bacteria having potential biochemical and pharmacological importance. Total twenty five soil samples were collected from fish, vegetables and fruits dump area from Dhaka City. Bacterial population was sub-cultured in trypticase soya agar (TSA) plate. Nineteen colonies were isolated, cultured and characterized by gram staining and biochemical tests. Six isolates were found to be gram negative while thirteen were gram positive. All isolates were positive in oxidase, catalase, citrate, and protease tests. Eight isolates showed coagulase negative and nine were coagulase positive. It was found that all bacterial isolates were sensitive to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and ceftriaxone. About 95% of the bacterial isolates were resistant to penicillin-G and ampicillin. About 89%, 26%, 21% and 11% of the bacterial isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, co-trimoxazole, nalidixic acid and erythromycin, respectively. It was found that bacterial isolates produce chemical(s) inhibitory to other bacterial strains including both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Further studies are needed to characterize the potential antibacterial factor(s) and other bioactive compound (s) present in these bacterial isolates from soil samples.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2006

The metagenomes of uncultured microbial communities are rich sources for novel biocatalysts. In t... more The metagenomes of uncultured microbial communities are rich sources for novel biocatalysts. In this study, esterase EstA3 was derived from a drinking water metagenome, and esterase EstCE1 was derived from a soil metagenome. Both esterases are approximately 380 amino acids in size and show similarity to β-lactamases, indicating that they belong to family VIII of the lipases/esterases. EstA3 had a temperature optimum at 50°C and a pH optimum at pH 9.0. It was remarkably active and very stable in the presence of solvents and over a wide temperature and pH range. It is active in a multimeric form and displayed a high level of activity against a wide range of substrates including one secondary ester, 7-[3-octylcarboxy-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyloxy)]-coumarin, which is normally unreactive. EstCE1 was active in the monomeric form and had a temperature optimum at 47°C and a pH optimum at pH 10. It exhibited the same level of stability as EstA3 over wide temperature and pH ranges and in the ...

p-Anisaldehyde (1) and β-sitosterol were isolated from carbon tetrachloride and chloroform solubl... more p-Anisaldehyde (1) and β-sitosterol were isolated from carbon tetrachloride and chloroform soluble portion of the methanol extract of stem bark of Averrhoa carambola. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic studies and by comparison with published data. Different partitionates of the methanol extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activities and varying degrees of cytotoxicity. Averrhoa carambola (Bengali name- Kamranga; Family, Oxalidaceae) is medium sized tree. It is planted in all over the Bangladesh.1 Fruits and its fruit juice are used as antioxidant, astringent, tonic also to treat diarrhoea, vomiting, dysentery, hepatic colic, bleeding piles, relieving thirst and febrile excitement. The leaves are antipruritic, antipyretic and anthelmintic and are also useful in scabies, fractured bones, and various types of poisoning, intermittent fevers and intestinal worms.2 Previous phytochemical investigation led to the isolation of

Soon after the Big Bang, more than 13 billion years ago, matter in the cosmos continuously develo... more Soon after the Big Bang, more than 13 billion years ago, matter in the cosmos continuously developed into more and more differentiated structures and metastructures, led by self-organization processes that control the generation of orderly structures from the cosmic down to the molecular level. Self-organized systems are dynamic and exist far away from the thermodynamic equilibrium. They form dynamic patterns which do not reach equilibrium. Such self-organized processes, forming dynamic patterns, essentially determined the evolution of the universe from the very beginning, from the Big Bang all the way to the development of living structures. Since the beginning of the universe, increasingly complex forms of matter emerged. Controlled by physical laws, matter organized itself into increasingly differentiated and complex structures and superstructures, while the circumstances changed: the volume of space expanded, entropy increased and the average temperature decreased. Self-organiza...

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin, 2020

Background: Shiga toxin (Stx) producing Escherichia coli (STEC) colonize human intestinal tract a... more Background: Shiga toxin (Stx) producing Escherichia coli (STEC) colonize human intestinal tract and their infections have asymptomatic clinical manifestations which cause local and systemic pathological changes. Objectives: This study intended to establish the role of Shiga toxin (Stx2d) in developing clinical manifestations in STEC infections using experimental models. Methods: A total 300 stool samples were screened from hospitalised diarrhoeal patients enrolled in 2% surveillance system at International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b). The stx gene profile including their variants was identified byPCR.stx2d gene positive STEC PT187 was selected for toxin (s) preparation.Toxin was prepared by centrifugation of culture supernatant. Enterotoxicand paralytic-lethal activities were tested in rabbit ileal loops and mice, respectively. Histopathological study of the rabbit ileal loop segments and different tissues of mice by paraffin embedded method and st...

Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal, 2019

The aim of this study was to formulate a topical nanoemulsion which can be used to treat both bac... more The aim of this study was to formulate a topical nanoemulsion which can be used to treat both bacterial and fungal infections of the skin. Eight self-emulsifying drug delivery systems composed of different combinations of rifampicin (1%), benzoic acid (6%) and salicylic acid (3%) were formulated and designated as F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7 and F8. Nanoemulsions of the eight formulations were prepared using oleic acid, Tween 80 and water by sonication method. Antibacterial and antifungal effects were observed against Staphylococcus aureus, Stap. epidermis and Candida albicans by the Kirby-Bauer method. The nanoemulsion containing only rifampicin showed strong activity against S. aureus and S. epidermis, but not against C. albicans. The nanoemulsion containing both benzoic acid and salicylic acid showed better activity in C. albicans, but not against S. aureus and S. epidermis. However, the nanoemulsions consisting of all three active ingredients showed significant results against S. ...

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017

A total of ten selected strains of Salmonella species, five from the environment of poultry farm ... more A total of ten selected strains of Salmonella species, five from the environment of poultry farm and five from patients were included in this study. All strains were isolated and identified by using selective media, standard biochemical and serological tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by disc diffusion method using twelve commercial antibiotic discs of aztreonam, ceftriaxone, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, erythromycin, cephalexin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid. Plasmid profile and integron gene detection were conducted by Kado-Liu method and PCR, respectively. Only aztreonam, ceftriaxone, kanamycin and gentamycin were shown to be inhibitory to all strains. However, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, amoxicilin, erythromycin, cephalexin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid revealed different degrees of resistance pattern against environmental and clinical strains. Analysis of plasmid demonstrated that three environmental strains contained both plasmids of 140 Mda and 62 Mda. On the other hand, another three strains, one environmental and two clinical isolate only contained 140 Mda plasmid. All the plasmid containing strains (140 Mda and 62 Mda) exhibited same type of drug resistance pattern, whereas strains containing the 140 Mda plasmid only did not show similar type of resistance pattern. Therefore, no correlation was found between plasmid containing strains and drug resistance. Four environmental strains were also found to be positive for the class I integron and one clinical isolated was positive for class I integron gene conferring resistance to common antibiotics. However, none of the strains were found to contain class II integron. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that both environmental and clinical strains contain both large to middle size plasmids and integron I but not integron II. The plasmid and integron I containing strains experienced resistance to different antibiotics, used in the experiments.

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology, 2016

Present study was designed to investigate antibacterial, antidiabetic and lipid lowering effects ... more Present study was designed to investigate antibacterial, antidiabetic and lipid lowering effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomoea aquatica (IA). The antibacterial effect of IA leaf extract was performed using agar-cup-diffusion assay against six pathogenic bacterial strains such as Klebsiella aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella typhi. This extract has potent antibacterial effect against all six strains compared to commercially available antibiotics of cetriaxone, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin. Total of 40 Swiss Albino male mice were used for investigation of antidiabetic and lipid lowering effects and made diabetic by alloxan. 20 mice were used for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and 20 mice for a week-long anti-hyperglycemic. Both groups were subdivided into four, each having 5 mice-i) the control receive only 0.5% methyl cellulose as vehicle; ii) Standard received vehicle plus metformin; iii & iv) test samples DIA 250 and DIA 500 received vehicle plus IA extract with 250 and 500 mg /kg b. wt (body weight), respectively. Lipid profile analysis was performed by estimating total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and liver glycogen concentration on 20 mice after week-long antihyperglycemic tested mice. The glucose tolerance results showed significant (p<0.05) and improved 50.03% and 66.09% at the DIA250 and DIA500, respectively. However, IA significantly reduced (p<0.05) blood glucose level 57.89% and 69.12% at the DIA250 and DIA500, respectively for a weeklong anti-hyperglycemic activity. Both glucose tolerance and hypoglycemic effect is comparable to diabetic control group and the effect is dose dependent. In addition to anti-hyperglycemic effect, alloxan induced diabetic mice showed increase in plasma TC and TG level. After the administration of IA extract, TC and TG level were restored to near normal level which showed significant (p<0.05) results. The results of IA extract also showed significant (p<0.05) and improved liver glycogen content compared to diabetic control mice group. These results indicate that IA has antibacterial, antidiabetic and lipid lowering effects.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Biochemistry, 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum level of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), l... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum level of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins, (HDL) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients admitted in National Institute of Disease of Chest and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka during. January 2009 to January 2010. Twenty two patients with COPD and 22 healthy controls were included in this study. Total cholesterol, HDL and TG levels were determined with ILAB 1800 Chemistry Analyzer using ILAB test Reagents. LDL concentration was calculated using the Friedewald Equation. The mean level of TG was 150.04±29.66 mg/dl and 126.14±13.28 in COPD patients and healthy control, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p<0.001). The mean level of TC was 181.83±20.11 mg/dl and 176.28±15.35 mg/dl in COPD patients and healthy control respectively (p<0.001). LDL level mean value was 116.12±14.26 mg/dl and 108.95±10.39 in CO...

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2008

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 6(2): 125-128, 2007 (December)

Antihyperglycemic and Analgesic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Cassia Fistula (L.) Stem Bark

ijpsr.com

... M. Ashraf Ali*1, Hashim Ahmad Sagar 1, Most. ... SJ Pharm. Sci. 2008; 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;2... more ... M. Ashraf Ali*1, Hashim Ahmad Sagar 1, Most. ... SJ Pharm. Sci. 2008; 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;2: 3-9. 10. Raquibul Hasan SM, Jamila M, Majumder MM, Akter R, Hossain MM, Ehsanul Hoque mazumder M, Ashraful Alam M, Jahangir R, Sohel Rana M, Arif M and Shafiqur Rahman (). ...

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015

Niosomes, a vesicular formulation, has been explored extensively for topical application to enhan... more Niosomes, a vesicular formulation, has been explored extensively for topical application to enhance skin penetration as well as to improve skin retention of drugs. In this study, three different rifampicin (1% w/w) niosomal formulations were prepared. Span 60, propylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol and distilled water were used in the formulations. Different rifampicin niosomal formulations containing 12% (RN-F1), 16% (RNF2) and 20% (RN-F3) of Span 60 were prepared by injection method. Rifampicin content of each formulation was determined by UV spectrophotometer at 475 nm. Niosome particle size was measured by laser scattering method using Mastersizer 2000. Volume average diameter, d50 of different formulations were found 8.488 nm (RN-F1), 12.533 nm (RN-F2) and 12.375 (RN-F3). Niosome preparations were also characterized by entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release and pH stability test. Results of entrapment efficiency were found to be 55.11%, 57.66% and 60.17%...

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Rhodotorula are environmental yeasts originally considered non-pathogenic in nature. However, ove... more Rhodotorula are environmental yeasts originally considered non-pathogenic in nature. However, over the last three decades, different species of this yeast have established themselves as pathogens in humans, causing systemic infections among the immunocompromised population. In this study, Rhodotorula species were isolated from dandruff samples using selective media by observing colony morphology and color. The isolates were later identified via biochemical tests and microscopic examinations. In addition, the sensitivity of the isolates to the three antifungal agents, namely ketoconazole, nystatin and fluconazole were tested by using the disk diffusion technique. On completion of the tests, only two species of Rhodotorula were identified from 35 dandruff samples and designated as R1 and R3. Both isolates displayed sensitivity towards ketoconazole and nystatin. No antifungal sensitivity was documented against fluconazole. This study gave preliminary indication of the presence of Rhodo...

Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal

Dandruff is a perennial skin condition manifesting as inflammation and physiologic scaling on the... more Dandruff is a perennial skin condition manifesting as inflammation and physiologic scaling on the scalp. Malassezia species are the part of the skin microflora of humans and the etiological agents of dandruff. Malassezia comprises of lipophilic and non-lipophilic yeasts. At present topical azoles are used for the treatment of dandruff. This study was conducted to isolate and identify the Malassezia spp. from dandruff samples and to determine their responsiveness towards antifungal agents such as fluconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole and nystatin. Malassezia spp. was isolated using selective media and identified by biochemical tests and microscopic examination. Antifungal activities were assessed by the Kirby Bauer method using well diffusion technique. Total fifteen Malassezia spp. including M. furfur, M. pachydermatis, M. sympodialis and M. globosa were identified from twenty five dandruff samples. Among them, M. furfur was most prevalent (66.67%) followed by M. pachydermatis (13.3...

Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal, 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore Lactobacillus species from yogurt and cheese that can be... more The purpose of this study was to explore Lactobacillus species from yogurt and cheese that can be used as potential probiotics. In this study, a total of twenty five samples, fifteen from cheese and ten from yogurt were collected from local markets, Dhaka city during May-July, 2016. Single colonies were isolated by enriching in MRS broth and subsequent streaking on MRS agar plate. Total twenty five isolated bacteria were identified as Lactobacillus species by morphological, gram staining and short biochemical tests. All isolated strains were characterized for probiotic properties including acid and salt tolerance, phenol tolerance, sugar fermentation, lactose fermentation and proteolytic activity. Acid tolerance test was performed at pH 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 in MRS broth. Results showed all isolates survived in highly acidic pH, however most of the strains also survived in alkaline media (pH 8). Salt tolerance test was performed at 2%, 4% and 8% NaCl in MRS broth. All isolates survived in 2% and 4% NaCl concentrations. Phenol tolerance test was performed in MRS broth with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% phenol concentration. All strains survived in 0.1% and 0.2% phenol concentrations. Sugars such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose and lactose were used for fermentation tests. Results of fermentation test showed that most isolates fermented all sugars. All strains digested casein by producing protease enzyme in skim milk agar plate. This study indicated that Lactobacillus species from yogurt and cheese samples have potential probiotic properties. Further study is needed to find specific probiotics with specific benefit from yogurt and cheese.

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016

In this study, three different self emulsifying drug delivery systems of rifampicin (SEDD-R) were... more In this study, three different self emulsifying drug delivery systems of rifampicin (SEDD-R) were made using oleic acid and different surfactants such as Tween 80, Chremophor RH 40 and Chremophor EL designated as RN-TW, RN-CRH and RN- CEL. These self-emulsifying systems were converted to rifampicin nanoemulsion by adding water under sonication. The resulting particle sizes were found to be 192.7 nm, 183.4 nm and 179.2 nm for RN- CEL, RN-CRH and RN-TW, respectively using Zetasizer. Drug content, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and pH stability tests was performed. Drug content and entrapment efficiency for RNTW, RN-CRH and RN- CEL were found as 0.9945% & 0.9835%, 0.9720% & 84.31% and 74.58 % & 56.89%, respectively. The release of drug from RN-TW, RN-CRH and RN-CEL occurred for 450-, 330- and 240- minutes, respectively. The pH stability study demonstrated that all formulations retained maximum drug at pH 5.8. Antibacterial effect of the preparations was evaluated against ...

Antidiabetic and Analgesic Effects of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) in Swiss Albino Mice

Ibrahim Medical College Journal, 2013

Background and purposes: Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) Correa, a medicinal plant is popularly use... more Background and purposes: Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) Correa, a medicinal plant is popularly used as herbal remedy for various ailments in Bangladesh. It was also reported that GP has both anti-hyperglycemic and analgesic effects and being widely used to reduce blood glucose and to alleviate pain for many years in this region though published literatures are scarce. The present study was designed to evaluate whether ethanolic extract of Glycosmis pentaphylla (GP) have antihyperglycemic and analgesic effects. A total of 60 Swiss Albino male mice of nine weeks (weight, 20-25g) were used for investigation. Of them, 40 were made diabetic by alloxan. They were investigated in two groups – a) 20 mice by oral glucose tolerance test (4 samples OGTT) – at 0, 30, 90 and 120 min; and b) 20 mice for a week-long antihyperglycemic activity on day 0, 1, 3 & 7. Both the groups were subdivided into four, each having 5 mice – i) the ‘control’ received only 0.5% methyl cellulose as vehicle; ii) ‘Stan...

Toxin (s), other than cholera toxin, produced by environmental non O1 non O139 Vibrio cholerae

Cellular & molecular …, 2006

A total of 39 Vibrio cholerae non O1 non O139 strains were isolated from surface waters of differ... more A total of 39 Vibrio cholerae non O1 non O139 strains were isolated from surface waters of different parts of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. All these strains showed lack of ctx or zot gene, as demonstrated by the PCR analysis. Eighteen representative strains were tested for enterotoxin ...

Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal

Crude plant parts used as a source of medicine is an ancient practice and important for health ca... more Crude plant parts used as a source of medicine is an ancient practice and important for health care system worldwide. In Bangladesh, a large number of population depends on the traditional medicine using crude drugs. In traditional systems, street sellers collect powered plant parts or dried plant parts from whole sale markets locally or from various parts of Bangladesh. Favorable environmental condition for microbial growth and handling with unhygienic conditions may result in microbial contamination. The present study was performed to assess the total bacterial count and presence of coliform bacteria from 33 powdered plant part samples collected from street markets, Dhaka. Bacterial count was performed using pour plate technique in nutrient agar according to microbiological standard USP method. Bacterial growth was done by streak plate technique on MacConkey and EMB agar plates. Results showed that, 13 out of 33 samples exceeded permissible limit of bacterial count (>10 5 cfu/gm). However, 20 samples showed bacterial count ranging from 3.1×10 2 to 2×10 3 cfu/gm. About 48.5% samples contained Escherichia coli indicating the presence of coliform bacteria and 21.2% samples contained other enteric bacteria (unidentified) which was confirmed by bacterial growth on MacConkey and EMB agar plates. Therefore, from this study, it may be concluded that crude herbal products contain a high level of bacteria that may be associated with health risk.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2008

e236 13th International Congress on Infectious Diseases Abstracts, Poster Presentations with 286 ... more e236 13th International Congress on Infectious Diseases Abstracts, Poster Presentations with 286 and 238 treated patients with pm have been analysed. Both compared periods were characterized with low percent (55.2% and 50.4%) of aetiologicaly confirmed cases, Str. pneumoniae as the most frequent aetiologic agent (58.2% and 41.7%) and similar total representation (86.7% and 90.0%) of the three dominant causative agents among the isolates, as well as the age of patients (≤1 and ≥≥ years) with increased risk for unfavourable outcome (27.9% and 24.8%). By using of disc diffusion method an increase in cephalosporin resistant strains of Str. pneumoniae was not registered; C3RSP isolates were unfrequent in the period analysed (8.6%), but in 5.3% more of patients with disc-diffusion sensitive strains clinical inefficiency with slower than expected improvement of CSF findings forceing need for additional antibiotic treatment and no effect on the final outcome of disease, with similar rate in the groups compared, was noted. Differences regarding the outcome (death rate with 13.3% and 12.2%, and sequellae in 8.9% and 7.7%), time to CSF sterilization in aetiologicaly confirmed cases, normalization of CSF biochemical characteristics, clinical response and final cure (after one year follow-up available data were similar as well) between the two compared periods were not found. Despite widespread use of cephalosporins in our population and the third generation parenteral cephalosporins in our institution in the past 10 year period, decrease of its clinical and microbiological efficacy for the treatment of pm, especialy for the most frequent aetiological agents of bacterial meningitis was not registered, therefore there is no need to change this practice.

Journal of Fermentation Technology, 1988

We studied soil samples from Dhaka municipality area to isolate and characterize bacteria having ... more We studied soil samples from Dhaka municipality area to isolate and characterize bacteria having potential biochemical and pharmacological importance. Total twenty five soil samples were collected from fish, vegetables and fruits dump area from Dhaka City. Bacterial population was sub-cultured in trypticase soya agar (TSA) plate. Nineteen colonies were isolated, cultured and characterized by gram staining and biochemical tests. Six isolates were found to be gram negative while thirteen were gram positive. All isolates were positive in oxidase, catalase, citrate, and protease tests. Eight isolates showed coagulase negative and nine were coagulase positive. It was found that all bacterial isolates were sensitive to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and ceftriaxone. About 95% of the bacterial isolates were resistant to penicillin-G and ampicillin. About 89%, 26%, 21% and 11% of the bacterial isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, co-trimoxazole, nalidixic acid and erythromycin, respectively. It was found that bacterial isolates produce chemical(s) inhibitory to other bacterial strains including both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Further studies are needed to characterize the potential antibacterial factor(s) and other bioactive compound (s) present in these bacterial isolates from soil samples.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2006

The metagenomes of uncultured microbial communities are rich sources for novel biocatalysts. In t... more The metagenomes of uncultured microbial communities are rich sources for novel biocatalysts. In this study, esterase EstA3 was derived from a drinking water metagenome, and esterase EstCE1 was derived from a soil metagenome. Both esterases are approximately 380 amino acids in size and show similarity to β-lactamases, indicating that they belong to family VIII of the lipases/esterases. EstA3 had a temperature optimum at 50°C and a pH optimum at pH 9.0. It was remarkably active and very stable in the presence of solvents and over a wide temperature and pH range. It is active in a multimeric form and displayed a high level of activity against a wide range of substrates including one secondary ester, 7-[3-octylcarboxy-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyloxy)]-coumarin, which is normally unreactive. EstCE1 was active in the monomeric form and had a temperature optimum at 47°C and a pH optimum at pH 10. It exhibited the same level of stability as EstA3 over wide temperature and pH ranges and in the ...

p-Anisaldehyde (1) and β-sitosterol were isolated from carbon tetrachloride and chloroform solubl... more p-Anisaldehyde (1) and β-sitosterol were isolated from carbon tetrachloride and chloroform soluble portion of the methanol extract of stem bark of Averrhoa carambola. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic studies and by comparison with published data. Different partitionates of the methanol extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activities and varying degrees of cytotoxicity. Averrhoa carambola (Bengali name- Kamranga; Family, Oxalidaceae) is medium sized tree. It is planted in all over the Bangladesh.1 Fruits and its fruit juice are used as antioxidant, astringent, tonic also to treat diarrhoea, vomiting, dysentery, hepatic colic, bleeding piles, relieving thirst and febrile excitement. The leaves are antipruritic, antipyretic and anthelmintic and are also useful in scabies, fractured bones, and various types of poisoning, intermittent fevers and intestinal worms.2 Previous phytochemical investigation led to the isolation of

Soon after the Big Bang, more than 13 billion years ago, matter in the cosmos continuously develo... more Soon after the Big Bang, more than 13 billion years ago, matter in the cosmos continuously developed into more and more differentiated structures and metastructures, led by self-organization processes that control the generation of orderly structures from the cosmic down to the molecular level. Self-organized systems are dynamic and exist far away from the thermodynamic equilibrium. They form dynamic patterns which do not reach equilibrium. Such self-organized processes, forming dynamic patterns, essentially determined the evolution of the universe from the very beginning, from the Big Bang all the way to the development of living structures. Since the beginning of the universe, increasingly complex forms of matter emerged. Controlled by physical laws, matter organized itself into increasingly differentiated and complex structures and superstructures, while the circumstances changed: the volume of space expanded, entropy increased and the average temperature decreased. Self-organiza...

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin, 2020

Background: Shiga toxin (Stx) producing Escherichia coli (STEC) colonize human intestinal tract a... more Background: Shiga toxin (Stx) producing Escherichia coli (STEC) colonize human intestinal tract and their infections have asymptomatic clinical manifestations which cause local and systemic pathological changes. Objectives: This study intended to establish the role of Shiga toxin (Stx2d) in developing clinical manifestations in STEC infections using experimental models. Methods: A total 300 stool samples were screened from hospitalised diarrhoeal patients enrolled in 2% surveillance system at International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b). The stx gene profile including their variants was identified byPCR.stx2d gene positive STEC PT187 was selected for toxin (s) preparation.Toxin was prepared by centrifugation of culture supernatant. Enterotoxicand paralytic-lethal activities were tested in rabbit ileal loops and mice, respectively. Histopathological study of the rabbit ileal loop segments and different tissues of mice by paraffin embedded method and st...

Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal, 2019

The aim of this study was to formulate a topical nanoemulsion which can be used to treat both bac... more The aim of this study was to formulate a topical nanoemulsion which can be used to treat both bacterial and fungal infections of the skin. Eight self-emulsifying drug delivery systems composed of different combinations of rifampicin (1%), benzoic acid (6%) and salicylic acid (3%) were formulated and designated as F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7 and F8. Nanoemulsions of the eight formulations were prepared using oleic acid, Tween 80 and water by sonication method. Antibacterial and antifungal effects were observed against Staphylococcus aureus, Stap. epidermis and Candida albicans by the Kirby-Bauer method. The nanoemulsion containing only rifampicin showed strong activity against S. aureus and S. epidermis, but not against C. albicans. The nanoemulsion containing both benzoic acid and salicylic acid showed better activity in C. albicans, but not against S. aureus and S. epidermis. However, the nanoemulsions consisting of all three active ingredients showed significant results against S. ...

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017

A total of ten selected strains of Salmonella species, five from the environment of poultry farm ... more A total of ten selected strains of Salmonella species, five from the environment of poultry farm and five from patients were included in this study. All strains were isolated and identified by using selective media, standard biochemical and serological tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by disc diffusion method using twelve commercial antibiotic discs of aztreonam, ceftriaxone, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, erythromycin, cephalexin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid. Plasmid profile and integron gene detection were conducted by Kado-Liu method and PCR, respectively. Only aztreonam, ceftriaxone, kanamycin and gentamycin were shown to be inhibitory to all strains. However, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, amoxicilin, erythromycin, cephalexin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid revealed different degrees of resistance pattern against environmental and clinical strains. Analysis of plasmid demonstrated that three environmental strains contained both plasmids of 140 Mda and 62 Mda. On the other hand, another three strains, one environmental and two clinical isolate only contained 140 Mda plasmid. All the plasmid containing strains (140 Mda and 62 Mda) exhibited same type of drug resistance pattern, whereas strains containing the 140 Mda plasmid only did not show similar type of resistance pattern. Therefore, no correlation was found between plasmid containing strains and drug resistance. Four environmental strains were also found to be positive for the class I integron and one clinical isolated was positive for class I integron gene conferring resistance to common antibiotics. However, none of the strains were found to contain class II integron. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that both environmental and clinical strains contain both large to middle size plasmids and integron I but not integron II. The plasmid and integron I containing strains experienced resistance to different antibiotics, used in the experiments.

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology, 2016

Present study was designed to investigate antibacterial, antidiabetic and lipid lowering effects ... more Present study was designed to investigate antibacterial, antidiabetic and lipid lowering effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomoea aquatica (IA). The antibacterial effect of IA leaf extract was performed using agar-cup-diffusion assay against six pathogenic bacterial strains such as Klebsiella aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella typhi. This extract has potent antibacterial effect against all six strains compared to commercially available antibiotics of cetriaxone, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin. Total of 40 Swiss Albino male mice were used for investigation of antidiabetic and lipid lowering effects and made diabetic by alloxan. 20 mice were used for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and 20 mice for a week-long anti-hyperglycemic. Both groups were subdivided into four, each having 5 mice-i) the control receive only 0.5% methyl cellulose as vehicle; ii) Standard received vehicle plus metformin; iii & iv) test samples DIA 250 and DIA 500 received vehicle plus IA extract with 250 and 500 mg /kg b. wt (body weight), respectively. Lipid profile analysis was performed by estimating total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and liver glycogen concentration on 20 mice after week-long antihyperglycemic tested mice. The glucose tolerance results showed significant (p<0.05) and improved 50.03% and 66.09% at the DIA250 and DIA500, respectively. However, IA significantly reduced (p<0.05) blood glucose level 57.89% and 69.12% at the DIA250 and DIA500, respectively for a weeklong anti-hyperglycemic activity. Both glucose tolerance and hypoglycemic effect is comparable to diabetic control group and the effect is dose dependent. In addition to anti-hyperglycemic effect, alloxan induced diabetic mice showed increase in plasma TC and TG level. After the administration of IA extract, TC and TG level were restored to near normal level which showed significant (p<0.05) results. The results of IA extract also showed significant (p<0.05) and improved liver glycogen content compared to diabetic control mice group. These results indicate that IA has antibacterial, antidiabetic and lipid lowering effects.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Biochemistry, 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum level of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), l... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum level of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins, (HDL) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients admitted in National Institute of Disease of Chest and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka during. January 2009 to January 2010. Twenty two patients with COPD and 22 healthy controls were included in this study. Total cholesterol, HDL and TG levels were determined with ILAB 1800 Chemistry Analyzer using ILAB test Reagents. LDL concentration was calculated using the Friedewald Equation. The mean level of TG was 150.04±29.66 mg/dl and 126.14±13.28 in COPD patients and healthy control, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p<0.001). The mean level of TC was 181.83±20.11 mg/dl and 176.28±15.35 mg/dl in COPD patients and healthy control respectively (p<0.001). LDL level mean value was 116.12±14.26 mg/dl and 108.95±10.39 in CO...

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2008

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 6(2): 125-128, 2007 (December)

Antihyperglycemic and Analgesic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Cassia Fistula (L.) Stem Bark

ijpsr.com

... M. Ashraf Ali*1, Hashim Ahmad Sagar 1, Most. ... SJ Pharm. Sci. 2008; 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;2... more ... M. Ashraf Ali*1, Hashim Ahmad Sagar 1, Most. ... SJ Pharm. Sci. 2008; 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;2: 3-9. 10. Raquibul Hasan SM, Jamila M, Majumder MM, Akter R, Hossain MM, Ehsanul Hoque mazumder M, Ashraful Alam M, Jahangir R, Sohel Rana M, Arif M and Shafiqur Rahman (). ...

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015

Niosomes, a vesicular formulation, has been explored extensively for topical application to enhan... more Niosomes, a vesicular formulation, has been explored extensively for topical application to enhance skin penetration as well as to improve skin retention of drugs. In this study, three different rifampicin (1% w/w) niosomal formulations were prepared. Span 60, propylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol and distilled water were used in the formulations. Different rifampicin niosomal formulations containing 12% (RN-F1), 16% (RNF2) and 20% (RN-F3) of Span 60 were prepared by injection method. Rifampicin content of each formulation was determined by UV spectrophotometer at 475 nm. Niosome particle size was measured by laser scattering method using Mastersizer 2000. Volume average diameter, d50 of different formulations were found 8.488 nm (RN-F1), 12.533 nm (RN-F2) and 12.375 (RN-F3). Niosome preparations were also characterized by entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release and pH stability test. Results of entrapment efficiency were found to be 55.11%, 57.66% and 60.17%...

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Rhodotorula are environmental yeasts originally considered non-pathogenic in nature. However, ove... more Rhodotorula are environmental yeasts originally considered non-pathogenic in nature. However, over the last three decades, different species of this yeast have established themselves as pathogens in humans, causing systemic infections among the immunocompromised population. In this study, Rhodotorula species were isolated from dandruff samples using selective media by observing colony morphology and color. The isolates were later identified via biochemical tests and microscopic examinations. In addition, the sensitivity of the isolates to the three antifungal agents, namely ketoconazole, nystatin and fluconazole were tested by using the disk diffusion technique. On completion of the tests, only two species of Rhodotorula were identified from 35 dandruff samples and designated as R1 and R3. Both isolates displayed sensitivity towards ketoconazole and nystatin. No antifungal sensitivity was documented against fluconazole. This study gave preliminary indication of the presence of Rhodo...

Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal

Dandruff is a perennial skin condition manifesting as inflammation and physiologic scaling on the... more Dandruff is a perennial skin condition manifesting as inflammation and physiologic scaling on the scalp. Malassezia species are the part of the skin microflora of humans and the etiological agents of dandruff. Malassezia comprises of lipophilic and non-lipophilic yeasts. At present topical azoles are used for the treatment of dandruff. This study was conducted to isolate and identify the Malassezia spp. from dandruff samples and to determine their responsiveness towards antifungal agents such as fluconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole and nystatin. Malassezia spp. was isolated using selective media and identified by biochemical tests and microscopic examination. Antifungal activities were assessed by the Kirby Bauer method using well diffusion technique. Total fifteen Malassezia spp. including M. furfur, M. pachydermatis, M. sympodialis and M. globosa were identified from twenty five dandruff samples. Among them, M. furfur was most prevalent (66.67%) followed by M. pachydermatis (13.3...

Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal, 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore Lactobacillus species from yogurt and cheese that can be... more The purpose of this study was to explore Lactobacillus species from yogurt and cheese that can be used as potential probiotics. In this study, a total of twenty five samples, fifteen from cheese and ten from yogurt were collected from local markets, Dhaka city during May-July, 2016. Single colonies were isolated by enriching in MRS broth and subsequent streaking on MRS agar plate. Total twenty five isolated bacteria were identified as Lactobacillus species by morphological, gram staining and short biochemical tests. All isolated strains were characterized for probiotic properties including acid and salt tolerance, phenol tolerance, sugar fermentation, lactose fermentation and proteolytic activity. Acid tolerance test was performed at pH 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 in MRS broth. Results showed all isolates survived in highly acidic pH, however most of the strains also survived in alkaline media (pH 8). Salt tolerance test was performed at 2%, 4% and 8% NaCl in MRS broth. All isolates survived in 2% and 4% NaCl concentrations. Phenol tolerance test was performed in MRS broth with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% phenol concentration. All strains survived in 0.1% and 0.2% phenol concentrations. Sugars such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose and lactose were used for fermentation tests. Results of fermentation test showed that most isolates fermented all sugars. All strains digested casein by producing protease enzyme in skim milk agar plate. This study indicated that Lactobacillus species from yogurt and cheese samples have potential probiotic properties. Further study is needed to find specific probiotics with specific benefit from yogurt and cheese.

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016

In this study, three different self emulsifying drug delivery systems of rifampicin (SEDD-R) were... more In this study, three different self emulsifying drug delivery systems of rifampicin (SEDD-R) were made using oleic acid and different surfactants such as Tween 80, Chremophor RH 40 and Chremophor EL designated as RN-TW, RN-CRH and RN- CEL. These self-emulsifying systems were converted to rifampicin nanoemulsion by adding water under sonication. The resulting particle sizes were found to be 192.7 nm, 183.4 nm and 179.2 nm for RN- CEL, RN-CRH and RN-TW, respectively using Zetasizer. Drug content, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and pH stability tests was performed. Drug content and entrapment efficiency for RNTW, RN-CRH and RN- CEL were found as 0.9945% & 0.9835%, 0.9720% & 84.31% and 74.58 % & 56.89%, respectively. The release of drug from RN-TW, RN-CRH and RN-CEL occurred for 450-, 330- and 240- minutes, respectively. The pH stability study demonstrated that all formulations retained maximum drug at pH 5.8. Antibacterial effect of the preparations was evaluated against ...

Antidiabetic and Analgesic Effects of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) in Swiss Albino Mice

Ibrahim Medical College Journal, 2013

Background and purposes: Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) Correa, a medicinal plant is popularly use... more Background and purposes: Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) Correa, a medicinal plant is popularly used as herbal remedy for various ailments in Bangladesh. It was also reported that GP has both anti-hyperglycemic and analgesic effects and being widely used to reduce blood glucose and to alleviate pain for many years in this region though published literatures are scarce. The present study was designed to evaluate whether ethanolic extract of Glycosmis pentaphylla (GP) have antihyperglycemic and analgesic effects. A total of 60 Swiss Albino male mice of nine weeks (weight, 20-25g) were used for investigation. Of them, 40 were made diabetic by alloxan. They were investigated in two groups – a) 20 mice by oral glucose tolerance test (4 samples OGTT) – at 0, 30, 90 and 120 min; and b) 20 mice for a week-long antihyperglycemic activity on day 0, 1, 3 & 7. Both the groups were subdivided into four, each having 5 mice – i) the ‘control’ received only 0.5% methyl cellulose as vehicle; ii) ‘Stan...

Toxin (s), other than cholera toxin, produced by environmental non O1 non O139 Vibrio cholerae

Cellular & molecular …, 2006

A total of 39 Vibrio cholerae non O1 non O139 strains were isolated from surface waters of differ... more A total of 39 Vibrio cholerae non O1 non O139 strains were isolated from surface waters of different parts of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. All these strains showed lack of ctx or zot gene, as demonstrated by the PCR analysis. Eighteen representative strains were tested for enterotoxin ...

Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal

Crude plant parts used as a source of medicine is an ancient practice and important for health ca... more Crude plant parts used as a source of medicine is an ancient practice and important for health care system worldwide. In Bangladesh, a large number of population depends on the traditional medicine using crude drugs. In traditional systems, street sellers collect powered plant parts or dried plant parts from whole sale markets locally or from various parts of Bangladesh. Favorable environmental condition for microbial growth and handling with unhygienic conditions may result in microbial contamination. The present study was performed to assess the total bacterial count and presence of coliform bacteria from 33 powdered plant part samples collected from street markets, Dhaka. Bacterial count was performed using pour plate technique in nutrient agar according to microbiological standard USP method. Bacterial growth was done by streak plate technique on MacConkey and EMB agar plates. Results showed that, 13 out of 33 samples exceeded permissible limit of bacterial count (>10 5 cfu/gm). However, 20 samples showed bacterial count ranging from 3.1×10 2 to 2×10 3 cfu/gm. About 48.5% samples contained Escherichia coli indicating the presence of coliform bacteria and 21.2% samples contained other enteric bacteria (unidentified) which was confirmed by bacterial growth on MacConkey and EMB agar plates. Therefore, from this study, it may be concluded that crude herbal products contain a high level of bacteria that may be associated with health risk.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2008

e236 13th International Congress on Infectious Diseases Abstracts, Poster Presentations with 286 ... more e236 13th International Congress on Infectious Diseases Abstracts, Poster Presentations with 286 and 238 treated patients with pm have been analysed. Both compared periods were characterized with low percent (55.2% and 50.4%) of aetiologicaly confirmed cases, Str. pneumoniae as the most frequent aetiologic agent (58.2% and 41.7%) and similar total representation (86.7% and 90.0%) of the three dominant causative agents among the isolates, as well as the age of patients (≤1 and ≥≥ years) with increased risk for unfavourable outcome (27.9% and 24.8%). By using of disc diffusion method an increase in cephalosporin resistant strains of Str. pneumoniae was not registered; C3RSP isolates were unfrequent in the period analysed (8.6%), but in 5.3% more of patients with disc-diffusion sensitive strains clinical inefficiency with slower than expected improvement of CSF findings forceing need for additional antibiotic treatment and no effect on the final outcome of disease, with similar rate in the groups compared, was noted. Differences regarding the outcome (death rate with 13.3% and 12.2%, and sequellae in 8.9% and 7.7%), time to CSF sterilization in aetiologicaly confirmed cases, normalization of CSF biochemical characteristics, clinical response and final cure (after one year follow-up available data were similar as well) between the two compared periods were not found. Despite widespread use of cephalosporins in our population and the third generation parenteral cephalosporins in our institution in the past 10 year period, decrease of its clinical and microbiological efficacy for the treatment of pm, especialy for the most frequent aetiological agents of bacterial meningitis was not registered, therefore there is no need to change this practice.