Adil Koray YILDIZ - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Adil Koray YILDIZ

Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Apr 30, 2018

Şen's trend test, Türkiye Öz: Bir değişkenin düşük, orta ve yüksek değerleri hidrolojik, meteorol... more Şen's trend test, Türkiye Öz: Bir değişkenin düşük, orta ve yüksek değerleri hidrolojik, meteorolojik ve iklimsel olaylarda önemli bir konudur. Ayrıca, bu değerler, dünyanın çeşitli yerlerindeki bilimsel yönlere ve gerçek uygulamalara dayanan çeşitli tasarım parametrelerini belirlemek için kullanılır. Bu bağlamda, Fırat-Dicle Havzasında iki farklı istasyonda (2174-Murat Nehri (Akkonak) ve 2634-Garzan Çayı (Kozluk)) kaydedilen aylık akarsu verileri için yakın zamanda Şen tarafından önerilen yeni bir eğilim yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Aynı verilere Mann-Kendall eğilim testi de uygulandı. İstasyonların, Mann-Kendall ve Şen eğilim testine göre istatistiksel olarak %95 güven düzeyinde önemli düşüş eğilimi gösterdİ. Önerilen yöntem, akış akışı verisinin düşük, orta ve yüksek değerlerinin grafik olarak değerlendirilmesi açısından önemli bir avantaj sağladı.

Journal of the Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University, Apr 30, 2022

Detection of estrus with high accuracy directly affects the possibility of cows becoming pregnant... more Detection of estrus with high accuracy directly affects the possibility of cows becoming pregnant and so also milk production. Most milk is obtained in the early lactation period, after calving. Animals in estrus are more active than others. This mobility can be measured by a testing device called "pedometer." Estrus can be estimated using detected movement changes with artificial neural networks (ANN) models. This study aims to create and assess the effectiveness of a neural network model to estimate estrus in cattle by using movement and environmental data. Movement data of 78 cattle, which showed 184 estruses have been captured along with climatic data during a seven-month period at a private agricultural organization. Data such as cow age, lactation number and number of days elapsed from estrus were also taken into account and evaluated. ANN models were compared with accuracy, precision and F-scores. Two-layer classification networks were tested for feed-forward neural network model. Optimal inputs to the neural network model were found to be motion data, motion data of the previous period, the number of days after the previous estrus, temperature and humidity. Two-layer network with 37 for the first layer and 40 neurons in the second layer has been the most successful model with a 0.1775 Fscore. The study has shown that the accuracy of estrus prediction is increased by evaluating movement data along with climate data.

DergiPark (Istanbul University), Nov 18, 2022

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society

The terrestrial climate is not sufficient to produce enough food to meet the roughage needs of th... more The terrestrial climate is not sufficient to produce enough food to meet the roughage needs of the animals benefiting from the pasture lands because of excessive and early grazing of those areas. Plant growth is adversely affected in pastures that are not uniformly grazed. Tracking animals using the Global Positioning System (GPS) is a very important factor in determining the uniform distribution of grazing animals in a pasture, increasing the utilization rate of the pasture, and saving costs and time. With GPS tracking systems, establishing more effective pasture-use systems by monitoring the feeding regimes of small animals, the status of feed in the pasture, and the grazing behavior of the animals would be possible. The present study aimed to investigate the use of GPS for pasture and herd management in Turkey in addition to using the traditional techniques.In the present study conducted in the village of Köseyusuflu in Yozgat Province in May 2017, 2018, and 2019, grazing benefit...

Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2016

Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University

Kızgınlığın yüksek doğrulukla tespiti, ineklerin gebe kalma olasılığını ve dolayısıyla süt üretim... more Kızgınlığın yüksek doğrulukla tespiti, ineklerin gebe kalma olasılığını ve dolayısıyla süt üretimini doğrudan etkiler. Sütün çoğu, doğumdan sonra erken laktasyon döneminde elde edilir. Kızgınlık dönemindeki hayvanlar diğerlerinden daha aktiftir. Bu hareketlilik, "pedometre" adı verilen bir test cihazı ile ölçülebilir. Yapay sinir ağları (YSA) modelleri ile tespit edilen hareket değişiklikleri kullanılarak kızgınlık tahmin edilebilir. Bu çalışma, hareket ve çevresel verileri kullanarak sığırlarda kızgınlığı tahmin etmek için bir sinir ağı modelinin etkinliğini oluşturmayı ve değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Özel bir tarım kuruluşunda yedi aylık dönemde 184 kızgınlık gösteren 78 büyükbaş hayvanın hareket verisi ve çalışma dönemindeki iklim verisi elde edilmiştir. İnek yaşı, laktasyon sayısı ve kızgınlıktan sonra geçen gün sayısı gibi veriler de dikkate alınmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. YSA modelleri doğruluk, kesinlik ve F-skorları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. İki katmanlı sınıflan...

Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2021

There are about 68 types of mulberry fruit with a wide ecological production area. Different mulb... more There are about 68 types of mulberry fruit with a wide ecological production area. Different mulberry species are grown in large fields in Turkey. Mulberries are largely dried-consumed, but sometimes they are used as fruit juice. In this study, black mulberry fruit was collected in two different ripening levels (semi-ripe and full-ripe) and oven-dried at 50, 60 and 70°C drying temperatures. Initial moisture contents of semi-ripe and full-ripe fruits were determined as 86.74% and 82.95%, respectively. Fruits were dried to have final moisture levels of 10-15%. Drying duration, drying models, effective diffusion, activation energy, specific energy consumption, color parameters and chemical properties of dried fruits were examined and the effect of ripening levels and drying temperatures were investigated. In terms of drying duration, while full-ripe fruits dried in a shorter time, effective diffusion, activation energy and specific energy consumption values were found to be higher than...

Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 2014

Bu çalışmada Yozgat ili şartlarında yetiştirilen ülkemiz tescilli aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.)... more Bu çalışmada Yozgat ili şartlarında yetiştirilen ülkemiz tescilli aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) çeşitlerinden Dinçer (Dikensiz) çeşidinin tohumlarından ham yağ elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu ham yağdan üretilen biyodizelin analizleri yapılmıştır. Dinçer tohum ham yağ biyodizeli 15 o C'de ki yoğunluğu (882.97 kg/m 3), pH değeri (6), parlama noktası (178 o C), bakır şerit korozyon (1a), su içeriği (499.20 mg/kg), ısıl değeri (38.448 MJ/kg), bulutlanma, akma ve donma noktaları sırasıyla (-5.7 o C,-12.9 o C ve-15.8 o C) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Dinçer çeşidinin tohum ham yağının biyodizel üretimi açısından TS EN 14214 standardına uygun olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology

Beekeeping, which can be established with little capital and can provide strong economic returns,... more Beekeeping, which can be established with little capital and can provide strong economic returns, is one of the important branches of animal husbandry. Beekeeping has an important place in Yozgat's agricultural sector with 411 enterprises. At the end of 2019, there are a total of 29,370 beehives in Yozgat. Honey production has been less than the general of Turkey according to the presence of hive. Achieving more efficient production is possible by identifying the problems in the current production. With this study, it was determined the technical and socio-cultural structures of the existing beekeeping enterprises in Yozgat city center and its districts through a survey study. For this purpose, information about the enterprises was obtained from the Yozgat Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry and the Yozgat Beekeepers' Association. A sample of 135 beekeepers was created by examining the data of a total of 411 beekeepers. The survey was conducted with these sele...

Bir degiskenin dusuk, orta ve yuksek degerleri hidrolojik, meteorolojik ve iklimsel olaylarda one... more Bir degiskenin dusuk, orta ve yuksek degerleri hidrolojik, meteorolojik ve iklimsel olaylarda onemli bir konudur. Ayrica, bu degerler dunyanin cesitli yerlerindeki bilimsel yonlere ve gercek uygulamalara dayanan cesitli tasarim parametrelerini belirlemek icin kullanilir. Bu baglamda, Firat-Dicle Havzasinda iki farkli istasyonda (2174-Murat Nehri (Akkonak) ve 2634-Garzan Cayi (Kozluk)) kaydedilen aylik akarsu verileri icin yakin zamanda Şen tarafindan onerilen yeni bir egilim yontemi kullanilmistir. Ayni verilere Mann-Kendall egilim testi de uygulandi. Istasyonlarin, Mann-Kendall ve Şen egilim testine gore istatistiksel olarak %95 guven duzeyinde onemli dusus egilimi gosterdI. Onerilen yontem, akis akisi verisinin dusuk, orta ve yuksek degerlerinin grafik olarak degerlendirilmesi acisindan onemli bir avantaj sagladi.

Calisma kapsaminda muz meyveleri 0,5-1 ve 1,5 cm dilim kalinliginda 50o, 60o ve 70oC kurutma hava... more Calisma kapsaminda muz meyveleri 0,5-1 ve 1,5 cm dilim kalinliginda 50o, 60o ve 70oC kurutma havasi sicakliginda kurutulmustur. Arastirma sonuclarina gore kuruma performansi, kuruma kinetigi, yapay sinir aglari yontemi ile matematiksel modellemesi, renk analizi ve SCKM (suda cozunebilir kuru madde) analizi yapilmistir. Denemelerde en kisa kurutma islemi 70°C’ de 0,5 cm dilim kalinliginda 6 saat, en uzun ise 50°C’ de 1,5 cm dilim kalinliginda 42 saat olarak belirlenmistir. Modelleme sonuclarina gore en yuksek R² degerleri YSA ile modellemede elde edilmistir. Muz icin en onemli renk parametresi olan “b” sarilik degerinin taze urune en yakin degeri 14,95 ile 60°C sicaklikta 1 cm dilim kalinliginda oldugu tespit edilmistir. Yapilan SCKM analizlerinde ise 50°C’ de 0,5 ve 1 cm dilim kalinliklari haric diger butun yontemler ile kurutma islemlerinde fark gorulmemistir. Sonuc olarak elde edilen bulgular isiginda muz meyvesinin 60°C’ de kurutulmasi 50°C ve 70°C kurutma sicakligina gore daha u...

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology

Some vegetative properties measured in fruit trees are important indicators in examining of plant... more Some vegetative properties measured in fruit trees are important indicators in examining of plant growth calculation, estimation of leaf area index in evapotranspiration, fertilizer requirement etc. These measurements reflect the effects of the cultivation treatments in many areas of commercial growing and scientific studies. One of the most important measurements is the status of the canopy development. Canopy width, area and volume can be measured with some calculations. However, more technological equipment may be needed to reduce work and labor, and to make the results more precise and clearer. Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles, which have become widespread, have a wide potential for use in agriculture. By using image processing methods, it is possible to make more objective and high accuracy evaluations much faster. In this study, the images of the apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) cultivar Golden grafted onto MM106 rootstock, were taken by light unmanned aerial vehicle to c...

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology

Drying method is preferred in agricultural products since it provides advantages in many processe... more Drying method is preferred in agricultural products since it provides advantages in many processes such as increasing the strength of products, transporting and storing. It is necessary to estimate the drying behavior of the products in order to achieve the best drying without reducing the product quality. For this reason, many numerical drying models have been developed to estimate the drying kinetics of the products. Recently, artificial neural networks have been widely used for the development of these models. Artificial neural networks are mathematical models that work in a similar way to natural neuron cells. Radial based artificial neural networks are radial based activation functions in the transition to the hidden layer unlike other networks. In this study, modeling of drying kinetics with radial based networks was investigated. For the experiment, red hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was dipped in boiled water and microwave pretreatments and, then dried in the oven at 65°C. ...

Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Apr 30, 2018

Şen's trend test, Türkiye Öz: Bir değişkenin düşük, orta ve yüksek değerleri hidrolojik, meteorol... more Şen's trend test, Türkiye Öz: Bir değişkenin düşük, orta ve yüksek değerleri hidrolojik, meteorolojik ve iklimsel olaylarda önemli bir konudur. Ayrıca, bu değerler, dünyanın çeşitli yerlerindeki bilimsel yönlere ve gerçek uygulamalara dayanan çeşitli tasarım parametrelerini belirlemek için kullanılır. Bu bağlamda, Fırat-Dicle Havzasında iki farklı istasyonda (2174-Murat Nehri (Akkonak) ve 2634-Garzan Çayı (Kozluk)) kaydedilen aylık akarsu verileri için yakın zamanda Şen tarafından önerilen yeni bir eğilim yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Aynı verilere Mann-Kendall eğilim testi de uygulandı. İstasyonların, Mann-Kendall ve Şen eğilim testine göre istatistiksel olarak %95 güven düzeyinde önemli düşüş eğilimi gösterdİ. Önerilen yöntem, akış akışı verisinin düşük, orta ve yüksek değerlerinin grafik olarak değerlendirilmesi açısından önemli bir avantaj sağladı.

Journal of the Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University, Apr 30, 2022

Detection of estrus with high accuracy directly affects the possibility of cows becoming pregnant... more Detection of estrus with high accuracy directly affects the possibility of cows becoming pregnant and so also milk production. Most milk is obtained in the early lactation period, after calving. Animals in estrus are more active than others. This mobility can be measured by a testing device called "pedometer." Estrus can be estimated using detected movement changes with artificial neural networks (ANN) models. This study aims to create and assess the effectiveness of a neural network model to estimate estrus in cattle by using movement and environmental data. Movement data of 78 cattle, which showed 184 estruses have been captured along with climatic data during a seven-month period at a private agricultural organization. Data such as cow age, lactation number and number of days elapsed from estrus were also taken into account and evaluated. ANN models were compared with accuracy, precision and F-scores. Two-layer classification networks were tested for feed-forward neural network model. Optimal inputs to the neural network model were found to be motion data, motion data of the previous period, the number of days after the previous estrus, temperature and humidity. Two-layer network with 37 for the first layer and 40 neurons in the second layer has been the most successful model with a 0.1775 Fscore. The study has shown that the accuracy of estrus prediction is increased by evaluating movement data along with climate data.

DergiPark (Istanbul University), Nov 18, 2022

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society

The terrestrial climate is not sufficient to produce enough food to meet the roughage needs of th... more The terrestrial climate is not sufficient to produce enough food to meet the roughage needs of the animals benefiting from the pasture lands because of excessive and early grazing of those areas. Plant growth is adversely affected in pastures that are not uniformly grazed. Tracking animals using the Global Positioning System (GPS) is a very important factor in determining the uniform distribution of grazing animals in a pasture, increasing the utilization rate of the pasture, and saving costs and time. With GPS tracking systems, establishing more effective pasture-use systems by monitoring the feeding regimes of small animals, the status of feed in the pasture, and the grazing behavior of the animals would be possible. The present study aimed to investigate the use of GPS for pasture and herd management in Turkey in addition to using the traditional techniques.In the present study conducted in the village of Köseyusuflu in Yozgat Province in May 2017, 2018, and 2019, grazing benefit...

Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2016

Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University

Kızgınlığın yüksek doğrulukla tespiti, ineklerin gebe kalma olasılığını ve dolayısıyla süt üretim... more Kızgınlığın yüksek doğrulukla tespiti, ineklerin gebe kalma olasılığını ve dolayısıyla süt üretimini doğrudan etkiler. Sütün çoğu, doğumdan sonra erken laktasyon döneminde elde edilir. Kızgınlık dönemindeki hayvanlar diğerlerinden daha aktiftir. Bu hareketlilik, "pedometre" adı verilen bir test cihazı ile ölçülebilir. Yapay sinir ağları (YSA) modelleri ile tespit edilen hareket değişiklikleri kullanılarak kızgınlık tahmin edilebilir. Bu çalışma, hareket ve çevresel verileri kullanarak sığırlarda kızgınlığı tahmin etmek için bir sinir ağı modelinin etkinliğini oluşturmayı ve değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Özel bir tarım kuruluşunda yedi aylık dönemde 184 kızgınlık gösteren 78 büyükbaş hayvanın hareket verisi ve çalışma dönemindeki iklim verisi elde edilmiştir. İnek yaşı, laktasyon sayısı ve kızgınlıktan sonra geçen gün sayısı gibi veriler de dikkate alınmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. YSA modelleri doğruluk, kesinlik ve F-skorları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. İki katmanlı sınıflan...

Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2021

There are about 68 types of mulberry fruit with a wide ecological production area. Different mulb... more There are about 68 types of mulberry fruit with a wide ecological production area. Different mulberry species are grown in large fields in Turkey. Mulberries are largely dried-consumed, but sometimes they are used as fruit juice. In this study, black mulberry fruit was collected in two different ripening levels (semi-ripe and full-ripe) and oven-dried at 50, 60 and 70°C drying temperatures. Initial moisture contents of semi-ripe and full-ripe fruits were determined as 86.74% and 82.95%, respectively. Fruits were dried to have final moisture levels of 10-15%. Drying duration, drying models, effective diffusion, activation energy, specific energy consumption, color parameters and chemical properties of dried fruits were examined and the effect of ripening levels and drying temperatures were investigated. In terms of drying duration, while full-ripe fruits dried in a shorter time, effective diffusion, activation energy and specific energy consumption values were found to be higher than...

Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 2014

Bu çalışmada Yozgat ili şartlarında yetiştirilen ülkemiz tescilli aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.)... more Bu çalışmada Yozgat ili şartlarında yetiştirilen ülkemiz tescilli aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) çeşitlerinden Dinçer (Dikensiz) çeşidinin tohumlarından ham yağ elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu ham yağdan üretilen biyodizelin analizleri yapılmıştır. Dinçer tohum ham yağ biyodizeli 15 o C'de ki yoğunluğu (882.97 kg/m 3), pH değeri (6), parlama noktası (178 o C), bakır şerit korozyon (1a), su içeriği (499.20 mg/kg), ısıl değeri (38.448 MJ/kg), bulutlanma, akma ve donma noktaları sırasıyla (-5.7 o C,-12.9 o C ve-15.8 o C) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Dinçer çeşidinin tohum ham yağının biyodizel üretimi açısından TS EN 14214 standardına uygun olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology

Beekeeping, which can be established with little capital and can provide strong economic returns,... more Beekeeping, which can be established with little capital and can provide strong economic returns, is one of the important branches of animal husbandry. Beekeeping has an important place in Yozgat's agricultural sector with 411 enterprises. At the end of 2019, there are a total of 29,370 beehives in Yozgat. Honey production has been less than the general of Turkey according to the presence of hive. Achieving more efficient production is possible by identifying the problems in the current production. With this study, it was determined the technical and socio-cultural structures of the existing beekeeping enterprises in Yozgat city center and its districts through a survey study. For this purpose, information about the enterprises was obtained from the Yozgat Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry and the Yozgat Beekeepers' Association. A sample of 135 beekeepers was created by examining the data of a total of 411 beekeepers. The survey was conducted with these sele...

Bir degiskenin dusuk, orta ve yuksek degerleri hidrolojik, meteorolojik ve iklimsel olaylarda one... more Bir degiskenin dusuk, orta ve yuksek degerleri hidrolojik, meteorolojik ve iklimsel olaylarda onemli bir konudur. Ayrica, bu degerler dunyanin cesitli yerlerindeki bilimsel yonlere ve gercek uygulamalara dayanan cesitli tasarim parametrelerini belirlemek icin kullanilir. Bu baglamda, Firat-Dicle Havzasinda iki farkli istasyonda (2174-Murat Nehri (Akkonak) ve 2634-Garzan Cayi (Kozluk)) kaydedilen aylik akarsu verileri icin yakin zamanda Şen tarafindan onerilen yeni bir egilim yontemi kullanilmistir. Ayni verilere Mann-Kendall egilim testi de uygulandi. Istasyonlarin, Mann-Kendall ve Şen egilim testine gore istatistiksel olarak %95 guven duzeyinde onemli dusus egilimi gosterdI. Onerilen yontem, akis akisi verisinin dusuk, orta ve yuksek degerlerinin grafik olarak degerlendirilmesi acisindan onemli bir avantaj sagladi.

Calisma kapsaminda muz meyveleri 0,5-1 ve 1,5 cm dilim kalinliginda 50o, 60o ve 70oC kurutma hava... more Calisma kapsaminda muz meyveleri 0,5-1 ve 1,5 cm dilim kalinliginda 50o, 60o ve 70oC kurutma havasi sicakliginda kurutulmustur. Arastirma sonuclarina gore kuruma performansi, kuruma kinetigi, yapay sinir aglari yontemi ile matematiksel modellemesi, renk analizi ve SCKM (suda cozunebilir kuru madde) analizi yapilmistir. Denemelerde en kisa kurutma islemi 70°C’ de 0,5 cm dilim kalinliginda 6 saat, en uzun ise 50°C’ de 1,5 cm dilim kalinliginda 42 saat olarak belirlenmistir. Modelleme sonuclarina gore en yuksek R² degerleri YSA ile modellemede elde edilmistir. Muz icin en onemli renk parametresi olan “b” sarilik degerinin taze urune en yakin degeri 14,95 ile 60°C sicaklikta 1 cm dilim kalinliginda oldugu tespit edilmistir. Yapilan SCKM analizlerinde ise 50°C’ de 0,5 ve 1 cm dilim kalinliklari haric diger butun yontemler ile kurutma islemlerinde fark gorulmemistir. Sonuc olarak elde edilen bulgular isiginda muz meyvesinin 60°C’ de kurutulmasi 50°C ve 70°C kurutma sicakligina gore daha u...

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology

Some vegetative properties measured in fruit trees are important indicators in examining of plant... more Some vegetative properties measured in fruit trees are important indicators in examining of plant growth calculation, estimation of leaf area index in evapotranspiration, fertilizer requirement etc. These measurements reflect the effects of the cultivation treatments in many areas of commercial growing and scientific studies. One of the most important measurements is the status of the canopy development. Canopy width, area and volume can be measured with some calculations. However, more technological equipment may be needed to reduce work and labor, and to make the results more precise and clearer. Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles, which have become widespread, have a wide potential for use in agriculture. By using image processing methods, it is possible to make more objective and high accuracy evaluations much faster. In this study, the images of the apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) cultivar Golden grafted onto MM106 rootstock, were taken by light unmanned aerial vehicle to c...

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology

Drying method is preferred in agricultural products since it provides advantages in many processe... more Drying method is preferred in agricultural products since it provides advantages in many processes such as increasing the strength of products, transporting and storing. It is necessary to estimate the drying behavior of the products in order to achieve the best drying without reducing the product quality. For this reason, many numerical drying models have been developed to estimate the drying kinetics of the products. Recently, artificial neural networks have been widely used for the development of these models. Artificial neural networks are mathematical models that work in a similar way to natural neuron cells. Radial based artificial neural networks are radial based activation functions in the transition to the hidden layer unlike other networks. In this study, modeling of drying kinetics with radial based networks was investigated. For the experiment, red hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was dipped in boiled water and microwave pretreatments and, then dried in the oven at 65°C. ...