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Papers by Koshi Nakamura

British Journal of Nutrition, Apr 4, 2022

Hypertension Research, Aug 24, 2020

This cohort study aimed to investigate the association between household income and incident hype... more This cohort study aimed to investigate the association between household income and incident hypertension in employees in a Japanese employed population. During 2012, a total of 4314 normotensive daytime employees (3153 men and 1161 women) were included in this study. Participants had a wide range of occupations and were employed at one of 12 workplaces from various economic sectors in Japan. After a 2-year follow-up, incident hypertension was compared among groups according to household income: <5.0, 5.0-7.9, 8.0-9.9, and ≥10.0 million Japanese yen (¥)/year. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate the hazard ratio for incident hypertension in each household income group, compared with the group earning <5.0 million ¥/year. The hazard ratios for men were 1.52 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.18) for 5.0-7.9 million ¥/year, 1.49 (0.98-2.27) for 8.0-9.9 million ¥/year, and 1.92 (1.23-3.01) for ≥10.0 million ¥/year after adjusting for age, baseline systolic blood pressure, worksite, type of occupation, number of family members, and smoking status. This positive relationship was attenuated but remained significant after further adjustment for alcohol consumption and body mass index, both of which were higher among men with higher household income. Conversely, there was no significant difference for women in the risk of incident hypertension among household income groups, although those with higher household income tended to have a lower risk of incident hypertension. Household income is positively associated with the onset of hypertension in Japanese employed men working daytime hours.

Nutrition and Cancer, Jul 1, 2016

Several case-control studies have associated dietary patterns with esophageal cancer (EC) risk, b... more Several case-control studies have associated dietary patterns with esophageal cancer (EC) risk, but prospective studies are scarce. We investigated dietary pattern and EC mortality risk associations by smoking status. Participants were 26,562 40 to 79-year-old Japanese men, who enrolled in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study between 1988 and 1990. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for EC mortality in nonsmokers and smokers were estimated using Cox proportional models. During follow-up (1988-2009), 132 participants died of EC. Using a baseline food frequency questionnaire and factor analysis, vegetable, animal, and dairy product food patterns were identified. EC risk decreased significantly with a higher factor score for the dairy product pattern (P trend = 0.042) and was more pronounced in smokers (multivariable HR [4th vs. 1st quartiles]) = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.09; P trend = 0.021). Neither vegetable nor animal food patterns were significant overall; however, EC risk increased with a higher factor score for the animal food pattern in nonsmokers (multivariable HR [4th vs. 1st quartiles]) = 6.01, 95% CI: 1.17, 30.88; P trend = 0.021), although the small number of events was a limitation. Our findings suggest a dairy product pattern may reduce EC risk in Japanese men, especially smokers.

Nutrients, Jan 9, 2021

Whether the source of dietary protein intake is related to appendicular skeletal muscle mass (AMM... more Whether the source of dietary protein intake is related to appendicular skeletal muscle mass (AMM) and muscle mass (MM) remains unclear. We conducted this cross-sectional study of 277 residents (115 men, 162 women) aged ≥65 years in Japan to examine the association of the amount of dietary protein intake with AMM and MM. We measured dietary protein intake using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. AMM and MM were assessed based on bioelectrical impedance. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to estimate β coefficients that were adjusted for potential confounders. Among Japanese women aged ≥75 years, but not among women aged 65-74 years, dietary animal protein intake was significantly associated with AMM (β (95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.25 (0.10, 0.40)) and MM (β (95% CI): 0.40 (0.16, 0.64)). However, dietary vegetable protein intake was not associated with AMM (β (95% CI): -0.17 (-0.74, 0.41)) and MM (β (95% CI): -0.30 (-1.23, 0.63)). Furthermore, in men aged ≥65 years, dietary protein intake was not associated with AMM or MM. In conclusion, dietary animal protein intake, but not vegetable protein intake, were positively associated with AMM and MM among this population of Japanese women aged ≥75 years.

Sleep Medicine, May 1, 2019

Objective: The present cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between serum 25hydrox... more Objective: The present cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between serum 25hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) levels and the presence of poor sleep quality in a communitybased Japanese adult population. Methods: Poor sleep quality, defined as poor subjective sleep quality and/or use of sleep medication, was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was compared among 512 Japanese participants aged 35 to 79 years, based on serum 25(OH)D3 levels, which were determined using tandem mass spectrometry. A logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for the presence of poor sleep quality in each group with the highest quartile of 25(OH)D3 serving as the reference group. Results: Poor sleep quality was reported by 33.2% of the total study population. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was crudely higher in the first quartile group (25[OH]D3: 2.08-18.13 ng/mL) than in the second, third and fourth quartile groups (18.14-23.07 ng/mL, 23.08-28.32 ng/mL, and 28.33-78.83 ng/mL, respectively). The ORs for poor sleep quality were 1.86 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-3.20) for the first quartile group, 0.73 (0.41-1.29) for the second quartile group, and 0.73 (0.42-1.27) for the third quartile group after adjusting for age, sex, and sociodemographic, lifestyle, physical and environmental factors, while the ORs were 1.68 (0.96-2.95), 0.69 (0.39-1.24), and 0.65 (0.37-1.15) after further adjustment for overall health status and depression status. The first quartile group of serum 25(OH)D3 was associated with the presence of poor sleep quality.

PLOS ONE, Jul 15, 2021

Lower socioeconomic status (SES) may be related to inactivity lifestyle; however, the association... more Lower socioeconomic status (SES) may be related to inactivity lifestyle; however, the association between SES and physical inactivity has not been sufficiently investigated in Japan. The study population is the participants of NIPPON DATA2010, which is a prospective cohort study of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2010 in Japan. They were residents in 300 randomly selected areas across Japan. This study included 2,609 adults. Physical activity was assessed by physical activity index (PAI) calculated from activity intensity and time. The lowest tertile of PAI for each 10-year age class and sex was defined as physical inactivity. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of SES (employment status, educational attainment, living status, and equivalent household expenditure (EHE)) with physical inactivity. In the distribution of PAI by age classes and sex, the highest median PAI was aged 30-39 years among men (median 38.6), aged 40-49 years among women (38.0), and median PAI

BMC Nephrology, Jan 3, 2022

Background: Sedentary behavior and decreased physical activity are associated with reduced kidney... more Background: Sedentary behavior and decreased physical activity are associated with reduced kidney function, yet most evidence is based on self-reported physical activity. This study investigated the association between accelerometer-based physical activity level and kidney function in a general Japanese population. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 440 community-dwelling Japanese participants, aged 35-79 years. Time (min/d) was assessed for the following types of physical activity: sedentary behavior, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Kidney function was assessed using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A linear regression model was employed to calculate the β coefficient of eGFR for a 60-min/d increase in sedentary behavior and LPA and a 10-min/d increase in MVPA. A logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratio for low eGFR (< 60 versus ≥60 mL/min/1.73m 2 ) for a 60-min/d or 10-min/d increase in each physical activity type. Results: MVPA time and eGFR were positively associated in both men and women, after adjusting for age, body mass index, and other clinical characteristics (Men: β, 0.91; P = 0.021; Women: β, 0.70; P = 0.034). In women, sedentary behavior and eGFR were inversely associated after adjusting for the same factors (β, -1.06; P = 0.048). The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for low eGFR associated with a 60-min increase in sedentary behavior was 1.65 (1.07-2.55) after adjusting for the same factors in women. Longer sedentary behavior and shorter MVPA time were associated with lower kidney function in the Japanese population.

Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, Jul 1, 2021

In Western populations, fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are positively co... more In Western populations, fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are positively correlated with the prevalence of obesity. However, gut microbiota involved in the production of SCFA varies between races. Our purpose was to investigate the associations between fecal SCFAs and the prevalence of obesity in a community-based Japanese population. We classified a total of 568 participants aged ≥18 into four quartiles of fecal concentrations of SCFA subtypes (acetate, butyrate, and propionate) and total SCFAs to compare the prevalence of obesity, defined as a body mass index ≥ 25.0 kg/m 2 . Using the first quartile SCFA group as a reference, the prevalence ratios of obesity were calculated for each SCFA group through a log-binomial regression model adjusted for major potentially confounding factors including age, sex, exercise habits, total energy intake, and total dietary fiber intake. In the study population, the prevalence of obesity was 35.8%. The prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals) of obesity in the second, third, and fourth quartile groups of fecal total SCFAs were 1.30 (0.89-1.89), 1.74 (1.23-2.47) and 1.70 (1.19-2.41), respectively, after adjusting for the confounders. Similar positive associations were observed for every subtype. The prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals) in the fourth quartile groups of fecal acetate, butyrate, and propionate were 1.41 (1.02-1.97), 2.16 (1.49-3.14), and 1.97 (1.35-2.89), respectively, after adjusting for the confounders. In conclusion, our results

Internal Medicine, 2014

Objective This cross-sectional study investigated the associations between the serum thyroid-stim... more Objective This cross-sectional study investigated the associations between the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration and indices of obesity in middle-aged Japanese men and women. Methods The participants were 2,037 employees (1,044 men and 993 women; age, 36-55 yr) of a metal products factory in Japan. Clinical examinations were conducted in 2009. We obtained a medical history and anthropometric measurements (body weight, body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference) and measured the serum TSH concentrations. The anthropometric indices were compared across serum TSH quartiles. The associations were evaluated separately according to the smoking status in men. The mean body weight (kg), BMI (kg/m 2 ) and waist circumference (cm) were 69.2, 23.7 and 83.2 in men and 55.3, 22.3 and 74.3 in women, respectively. Men with a higher TSH concentration had higher body weight and BMI values (p for trend=0.016 and 0.019, respectively), and these significant associations were observed even after adjusting for age, smoking status and other potential confounders. The TSH level was not associated with waist circumference. We found a significant interaction between the TSH level and the smoking status on body weight (p for interaction=0.013) and a significant association between the TSH level and body weight in nonsmokers, but not in current smokers. No significant associations were observed between the TSH level and the anthropometric indices in women. Conclusion Significant positive associations between the serum TSH concentration, body weight and BMI were detected in men only, and an interaction with the smoking status was observed for this association.

Circulation reports, Feb 10, 2023

MACE) in patients with AMI remain a major problem. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has a Class I reco... more MACE) in patients with AMI remain a major problem. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has a Class I recommendation to improve exercise tolerance, quality of life, and prognosis for AMI during the recovery phase. 4 CR with care during the acute phase, exercise test at discharge, and a recommending CR for outpatients also have Class I rec-C ardiovascular disease is a major cause of death in Japan and in other countries. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has the second-highest mortality rate among cardiovascular diseases in Japan. 1 Although early reperfusion therapy for AMI has improved mortality in the acute phase, 2 major adverse cardiovascular events

British Journal of Nutrition, Jun 20, 2018

Few studies have reported the association between the Japanese diet as food score and mortality. ... more Few studies have reported the association between the Japanese diet as food score and mortality. This study aimed to investigate adherence to the Japanese food score associated with all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality. A total of 58 767 (23 162 men and 34 232 women) Japanese participants aged 40-79 years, who enrolled in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study between 1988 and 1990, were included. The Japanese food score was derived from the components of seven food groups (beans and bean products, fresh fishes, vegetables, Japanese pickles, fungi, seaweeds and fruits) based on the FFQ. The total score ranged from 0 to 7, and participants were divided into five categories based on scores (0-2, 3, 4, 5 and 6-7). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality based on sex were estimated using Cox proportional models. During the follow-up period until 2009, 11 692 participants with all-cause, 3408 with CVD and 4247 with cancer died. The multivariable HR in the 6-7 and 0-2 Japanese food score groups were 0•93 (95 % CI 0•86, 1•01) in men and 0•82 (95 % CI 0•75, 0•90) in women for all-cause mortality and 0•89 (95 % CI 0•76, 1•04) in men and 0•66 (95 % CI 0•56, 0•77) in women for CVD mortality. Our findings suggest that adherence to the Japanese food score consisting of food combinations characterised by a Japanese diet may help in preventing all-cause and CVD mortality, especially in women.

Metabolites, May 23, 2022

Background: Evidence has accumulated regarding the etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms as... more 1) Background: Evidence has accumulated regarding the etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify which subjectively and objectively measured voiding parameters were associated with obesity in a community-based population. (2) Methods: Voiding parameters on a self-administered questionnaire and a digital self-health monitoring system for urine excretion (s-HMSU) were compared between participants with and without obesity, defined as a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m 2 (n = 30 and 29, respectively), from a community in Okinawa, Japan. Logistic regression analysis was employed to calculate the odds ratios of abnormalities in voiding parameters for the obese group, with the non-obese group serving as a reference. (3) Results: The obese group had odds ratios of 5.17 (95% confidence interval: 1.33-20.0) for shortened hours of undisturbed sleep (<302 min) by s-HMSU and 7.65 (1.88-31.1) for nighttime urinary frequency by a questionnaire after adjusting for age and sex. In addition, the obese group had an adjusted odds ratio of 2.27 (0.76-6.78) for decreased maximum bladder capacity (<212 mL) by s-HMSU. (4) Conclusion: the results of the present study suggest that nocturia and shortened hours of undisturbed sleep are signs of obesity.

Scientific Reports, Sep 21, 2021

Serum fatty acids (FAs) exist in the four lipid fractions of triglycerides (TGs), phospholipids (... more Serum fatty acids (FAs) exist in the four lipid fractions of triglycerides (TGs), phospholipids (PLs), cholesteryl esters (CEs) and free fatty acids (FFAs). Total fatty acids (TFAs) indicate the sum of FAs in them. In this study, four statistical analysis methods, which are independent component analysis (ICA), factor analysis, common principal component analysis (CPCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were conducted to uncover food sources of FAs among the four lipid fractions (CE, FFA, and TG + PL). Among the methods, ICA provided the most suggestive results. To distinguish the animal fat intake from endogenous fatty acids, FFA variables in ICA and factor analysis were studied. ICA provided more distinct suggestions of FA food sources (endogenous, plant oil intake, animal fat intake, and fish oil intake) than factor analysis. Moreover, ICA was discovered as a new approach to distinguish animal FAs from endogenous FAs, which will have an impact on epidemiological studies. In addition, the correlation coefficients between a published dataset of food FA compositions and the loading values obtained in the present ICA study suggested specific foods as serum FA sources. In conclusion, we found that ICA is a useful tool to uncover food sources of serum FAs. There is a worldwide growing attention to dietary fatty acid (FA) intake because FA metabolism is related with various health problems of heart, liver, kidney, brain, immune system and possibly of all organs 1-6 . For prevention and management of these problems, comprehensive knowledge of dietary FA uptake in an individual or a population could be useful. Quantitative FA profiling in plasma (or serum) may give the best information for this purpose. However, there is still some difficulty to interpret the dietary source of FAs in plasma. The difficulty is related with the structural and metabolic complexities of FAs. FAs are derived from foods or synthesized de novo mainly by the liver. Linoleic and α-linolenic acids, which are classified as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) cannot be synthesized de novo and need to be taken with foods, thus they are called as essential fatty acids (FAs). Unsaturated FAs are classified mostly into ω-3, ω-6, and ω-9 groups, which implies the position of double bond is on the third, sixth, and ninth carbon from the methyl end, while a minor portion of FAs is classified into ω-7 7 . The major three ω groups, ω-3, ω-6, and ω-9, are different from each other in dietary sources, metabolic pathways, and biological behaviors 8 . Long saturated FAs (C ≥ 12) and monounsaturated FAs can be derived from dietary sources or synthesized de novo. Some polyunsaturated FAs, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), need to be obtained from food . Thus, plasma FAs reflect intestinal uptake, hepatic biosynthesis, and additionally adipose lipolysis. To be more complicated, plasma FAs reflect both a short-term dietary intake and a stable long-term dietary intake 11 .

Research Square (Research Square), Mar 1, 2022

Childhood obesity is rapidly increasing world-wide and is largely the consequence of adoption of ... more Childhood obesity is rapidly increasing world-wide and is largely the consequence of adoption of unhealthy diets excessive in calories and salt (NaCl) as well as devoid in pivotal micronutrients such as potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg). Education-based programs aiming to encourage healthy food knowledge and behaviors are crucial at a young age, and for this purpose, convenient ways to assess daily dietary intake are warranted. We therefore attempted to evaluate the dietary intake of Okinawan school children in Japan by analyzing a series of biomarkers in morning spot urine samples and explore whether these biomarkers correlate with body weight and a series of metabolic parameters. We enrolled 98 third-grade elementary school children in Okinawa, Japan. Morning spot urine samples were collected and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to assess dietary intake. We found that estimated daily NaCl intake was higher in obese/overweight children as compared to healthy-weight children (p = 0.0001). There was also a signi cant positive correlation between body mass index (BMI) and NaCl intake (Spearman) (ρ = 0.45, p < 0.0001) and a negative correlation between BMI and Mg/Cr (ρ=-0.27, p = 0.01). Furthermore, Na/K ratio was higher in samples collected on Monday (weekend) as compared to samples collected on Thursday or Friday (weekday) (p < 0.0001). • Utilizing morning spot urine analyses, estimated NaCl intake is positively correlated and Mg/Cr negatively correlated with BMI in Okinawan school children. • As estimated via morning spot urine samples, a greater proportion of children likely exceed recommended NaCl intake on the weekend as compared to weekday.

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, May 7, 2021

Background: It has been pointed out that prolonged television (TV) viewing is one of the sedentar... more Background: It has been pointed out that prolonged television (TV) viewing is one of the sedentary behaviors that is harmful to health; however, the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and prolonged TV viewing time has not been sufficiently investigated in Japan. The study population are the participants of NIPPON DATA2010, which is a prospective cohort study of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2010 in Japan. They were residents in 300 randomly selected areas across Japan. This study included 2752 adults. SES was classified according to the employment status, educational attainment, living status, and equivalent household expenditure (EHE). Prolonged TV viewing time was defined as more than or equal to 4 h of TV viewing per day. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of SES with prolonged TV viewing time. Results: The mean TV viewing time was 2.92 h in all participants. Of 2752 participants, 809 (29.4%) prolonged TV viewing, and the mean TV viewing time of them was 5.61 h. The mean TV viewing time in participants without prolonged TV viewing time was 1.81 h. The mean TV viewing time was prolonged as age classes increased and significantly longer in aged ≥60 years. Prolonged TV viewing time was associated with not working for all age classes and sexes. Only among women, education attainment and living status were also associated with prolonged TV viewing time. For education attainment, the lower the received years of education, the higher odds ratios (OR) of prolonged TV viewing time. For living status, in women aged <60 years, living with others had a significantly higher OR compared to living with spouse. On the other hand, in women aged ≥60 years, living alone had a significantly higher OR. EHE did not have any significant associations with prolonged TV viewing time. Conclusions: In a general Japanese population, it should be noted that the association between SES and prolonged TV viewing time differed by age and sex. Particularly, it must draw attention to the prolonged TV viewing in elderly. The intervention in order to shorten TV viewing time needs to consider these attributes.

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology

The Japanese diet has attracted attention as a factor contributing to the Japanese population's l... more The Japanese diet has attracted attention as a factor contributing to the Japanese population's longevity. A typical Japanese meal, traditionally called "ichiju-sansai," is composed of various dishes. This study assessed the nutritional adequacy of the Japanese diet using the number of dishes in all meals (NDAM) compared to existing dietary diversity indices (DDIs). This cross-sectional study used data from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey. A total of 25,976 participants aged $20 y were included in this study. NDAM was calculated for whole dishes or single foods (except supplements and beverages) from one-day weighted dietary records. The food variety score (FVS), number of foods, dietary diversity score (DDS), and number of food groups are some of the existing DDIs. NDAM had relatively high positive correlation coefficients with potassium, magnesium, and dietary fiber. The partial correlation coefficients with an indicator of the overall nutrient adequacy of NDAM was 0.42 for men and 0.42 for women. It was almost the same as that of the FVS (men: 0.44, women: 0.42) and DDS (men: 0.44, women: 0.43). On the other hand, NDAM, similar to existing DDIs, was also positively correlated with nutrient restriction in both sexes. These findings indicate that the nutrient adequacy of NDAM is similar to that of the existing DDIs. Because of the higher sodium intake and cholesterol intake in higher NDAM and existing DDIs, the effect of higher NDAM on health outcomes must be investigated in future studies.

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis

Nutrients, 2021

Whether the source of dietary protein intake is related to appendicular skeletal muscle mass (AMM... more Whether the source of dietary protein intake is related to appendicular skeletal muscle mass (AMM) and muscle mass (MM) remains unclear. We conducted this cross-sectional study of 277 residents (115 men, 162 women) aged ≥65 years in Japan to examine the association of the amount of dietary protein intake with AMM and MM. We measured dietary protein intake using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. AMM and MM were assessed based on bioelectrical impedance. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to estimate β coefficients that were adjusted for potential confounders. Among Japanese women aged ≥75 years, but not among women aged 65–74 years, dietary animal protein intake was significantly associated with AMM (β (95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.25 (0.10, 0.40)) and MM (β (95% CI): 0.40 (0.16, 0.64)). However, dietary vegetable protein intake was not associated with AMM (β (95% CI): −0.17 (−0.74, 0.41)) and MM (β (95% CI): −0.30 (−1.23, 0.63)). Furthermore, ...

Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 2020

Serum high-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMWA) has a positive correlation with insulin secretion ... more Serum high-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMWA) has a positive correlation with insulin secretion in the Japanese population. To validate this correlation, we investigated the correlation between serum HMWA and proinsulin, a marker of b-cell dysfunction, in this population. A total of 488 participants (53.9% women) aged 35-79 years not taking oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin were enrolled. HMWA was significantly and inversely correlated with proinsulin adjusted for age and sex (partial regression coefficient b = -0.37; 95% confidence interval -0.46 to -0.28). When the participants were divided into two groups by median values of body mass index (23.2 kg/m 2 ), serum insulin (4.3 µU/ mL) or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (1.0), similar inverse correlations were observed adjusted for age and sex in both groups. Our results showed that the HMWA level was inversely correlated with the proinsulin level in a general Japanese population.

Public Health Nutrition, 2019

ObjectivePrevious studies have associated dietary patterns with diabetes risk in Western countrie... more ObjectivePrevious studies have associated dietary patterns with diabetes risk in Western countries, but such studies among the Japanese population are scarce. The present study aimed to investigate dietary patterns associated with abnormal glucose tolerance determined by elevated glycated Hb (HbA1c) levels.DesignThe 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) database was used for the cross-sectional study. Dietary patterns were analysed by factor analysis of twenty-five food items from the dietary intake survey and household-based semi-weighed dietary records. OR and 95 % CI for elevated HbA1c levels (≥6·5 %) according to dietary patterns were estimated using logistic regression models.SettingJapan.ParticipantsThe study population comprised 9550 Japanese aged ≥40 years registered in the nationwide NHNS.ResultsThree dietary patterns were identified: (i) high-bread and low-rice; (ii) high-meat and low-fish; and (iii) vegetable. The high-bread and low-rice pattern, characterised ...

British Journal of Nutrition, Apr 4, 2022

Hypertension Research, Aug 24, 2020

Nutrition and Cancer, Jul 1, 2016

Nutrients, Jan 9, 2021

Sleep Medicine, May 1, 2019

PLOS ONE, Jul 15, 2021

BMC Nephrology, Jan 3, 2022

Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, Jul 1, 2021

Internal Medicine, 2014

Circulation reports, Feb 10, 2023

British Journal of Nutrition, Jun 20, 2018

Metabolites, May 23, 2022

Background: Evidence has accumulated regarding the etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms as... more 1) Background: Evidence has accumulated regarding the etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify which subjectively and objectively measured voiding parameters were associated with obesity in a community-based population. (2) Methods: Voiding parameters on a self-administered questionnaire and a digital self-health monitoring system for urine excretion (s-HMSU) were compared between participants with and without obesity, defined as a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m 2 (n = 30 and 29, respectively), from a community in Okinawa, Japan. Logistic regression analysis was employed to calculate the odds ratios of abnormalities in voiding parameters for the obese group, with the non-obese group serving as a reference. (3) Results: The obese group had odds ratios of 5.17 (95% confidence interval: 1.33-20.0) for shortened hours of undisturbed sleep (<302 min) by s-HMSU and 7.65 (1.88-31.1) for nighttime urinary frequency by a questionnaire after adjusting for age and sex. In addition, the obese group had an adjusted odds ratio of 2.27 (0.76-6.78) for decreased maximum bladder capacity (<212 mL) by s-HMSU. (4) Conclusion: the results of the present study suggest that nocturia and shortened hours of undisturbed sleep are signs of obesity.

Scientific Reports, Sep 21, 2021

Research Square (Research Square), Mar 1, 2022

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, May 7, 2021

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis

Nutrients, 2021

Whether the source of dietary protein intake is related to appendicular skeletal muscle mass (AMM... more Whether the source of dietary protein intake is related to appendicular skeletal muscle mass (AMM) and muscle mass (MM) remains unclear. We conducted this cross-sectional study of 277 residents (115 men, 162 women) aged ≥65 years in Japan to examine the association of the amount of dietary protein intake with AMM and MM. We measured dietary protein intake using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. AMM and MM were assessed based on bioelectrical impedance. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to estimate β coefficients that were adjusted for potential confounders. Among Japanese women aged ≥75 years, but not among women aged 65–74 years, dietary animal protein intake was significantly associated with AMM (β (95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.25 (0.10, 0.40)) and MM (β (95% CI): 0.40 (0.16, 0.64)). However, dietary vegetable protein intake was not associated with AMM (β (95% CI): −0.17 (−0.74, 0.41)) and MM (β (95% CI): −0.30 (−1.23, 0.63)). Furthermore, ...

Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 2020

Public Health Nutrition, 2019