Safina Kousar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Safina Kousar

Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2024

During present study, the copper (Cu) mediated oxidative stress was measured that induced DNA dam... more During present study, the copper (Cu) mediated oxidative stress was measured that induced DNA damage by concentrating in the tissues of fish, Catla catla (14.45±1.24g; 84.68±1.45mm) (Hamilton,1822). Fish fingerlings were retained in 5 groups for 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 days of the exposure period. They were treated with 2/3, 1/3, 1/4 and 1/5 (T1-T4) of 96h lethal concentration of copper. Controls were run along with all the treatments for the same durations. A significant (p < 0.05) dose and time dependent concentration of Cu was observed in the gills, liver, kidney, muscles, and brain of C. catla. Among organs, the liver showed a significantly higher concentration of Cu followed by gills, kidney, brain, and muscles. Copper accumulation in these organs caused a significant variation in the activities of enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). The SOD activity varied significantly in response to the exposure time of Cu as 56 > 70 > 42 > 84 > 28 > 14 days while CAT activity exhibited an inverse relationship with the increase in Cu concentration. POD activity showed a significant rise with an increase in Cu exposure duration. Comet assay exhibited significant DNA damage in the peripheral erythrocytes of Cu exposed C. catla. Among four exposure concentrations, 2/3 rd of LC 50 (T1) caused significantly higher damage to the nuclei compared to control. Increased POD and SOD activity, as well as a decrease in CAT activity in response to Cu, demonstrates the involvement of a protective mechanism against reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas increased ROS resulted in higher DNA damage. These above-mentioned molecular markers can be efficiently used for the biomonitoring of aquatic environments and conservation of edible fish fauna.

Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Dec 1, 2015

A wide variety of chemicals especially metals contaminate the aquatic ecosystem and stimulate a v... more A wide variety of chemicals especially metals contaminate the aquatic ecosystem and stimulate a variety of toxicity mechanisms, such as oxidative damage to proteins, DNA and lipids. Very limited efforts have been made to investigate the genotoxic effects of metals in fish. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine copper induced genotoxic damage in peripheral blood erythrocytes of 150-day old four freshwater fish species viz. Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Catla catla and Ctenopharyngodon idella by using micronucleus test. For this purpose, 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentration of copper for all the four fish species were determined. Each fish species was exposed to four different sub-lethal concentrations (17, 25, 33, 50% of 96-hr LC50) of copper, separately, for a period of 30 days. Results showed exposure concentration dependent increases in the frequencies of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities. Findings of the experiment also confirmed that the micronucleus test acts as a useful tool in determining the potential genotoxicity of metals in erythrocytes of various fish species. Among four fish species, Cirrhina mrigala showed significantly higher frequency of micronuclei with the mean value of 16.98±11.70%, followed by that of Ctenopharyngodon idella, Catla catla and Labeo rohita. However, frequency of other nuclear abnormalities followed the order: Labeo rohita > Cirrhina mrigala > Ctenopharyngodon idella > Catla catla.

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020

During this investigation, the growth performance (wet weight and length) of three fish types was... more During this investigation, the growth performance (wet weight and length) of three fish types was studied under the sub-lethal nickel (Ni 2+) concentrations of 70.40g, 71.99g and 79.11g for Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhina mrigala, respectively. The increase in fish weight was monitored in glass aquaria for eight weeks. During these metal-stress trials, fish were kept under constant temperature (30 °C), pH (7.0) and total hardness (200 mg•L‾ 1). Physio-chemical variables, e.g. dissolved O2, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , CO2, total NH3 and electrical conductivity of the test mediums used for each growth trial were recorded on a daily basis. An increase/decrease in wet weight, fork and total length of fish were monitored on the Fortifying basis for eight weeks of growth trial. Statistical analysis of the research data showed significant effects of metal stress on wet weights. Among the three treated fish species, Catla catla gained significantly maximum weight of 18.28 ± 0.95g, followed by Labeo rohita (16.18 ± 0.89) and Cirrhina mrigala (15.25 ± 1.15g). Fork and total length increments were observed significantly higher in Catla catla, followed by Labeo rohita and Cirrhina mrigala. However, under the exposure of nickel, all the fish species showed considerably lower weights than the control fish. It was concluded that sub-lethal metal (nickel) exposure to the fish significantly affected the growth performance (weights, fork and total length gains) and feed conversion ratios (FCR) of all the three fish species.

Journal of Zoo Biology

Aquaponics is the production of aquatic organisms using less water while hydroponic is the produc... more Aquaponics is the production of aquatic organisms using less water while hydroponic is the production of vegetables and plants without soil. Microbial diversity in these culture systems includes bacteria, protists, fungi, and archaea. Among microbes, bacteria are a pivotal and crucial aspect of aquaponic, aquaculture, and hydroponic system, acts as the bridge connecting the waste of fish to the fertilizer for plants. Current research aims to compare the bacterial diversity in water samples of aquaculture, aquaponics, and hydroponic systems. For this purpose, water samples were taken from aquaculture, aquaponic, and hydroponic system. Aliquots of the samples were used for the isolation of bacterial species based on standard procedures. Colonies were purified after isolation by membrane filtration by twice subculturing using the method of streaking plate. Potential bacterial isolates were characterized and identified up to the specie level by following standard microbiological techniq...

Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology

Present research work was conducted to measure the effects of tertiary metals mixture (Fe+Zn+Mn) ... more Present research work was conducted to measure the effects of tertiary metals mixture (Fe+Zn+Mn) on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in various tissues of two major carps, Cirrhina mrigala and Labeo rohita at controlled laboratory conditions. 90-day-old fingerlings of both fish species were exposed to 1/4th and 1/5th of their respective 96-hr LC50 value of Fe+Zn+Mn mixture, for 24 days. After 6, 12, 18, and 24-day exposure, fish from each treatment will be sampled, dissected and their tissues viz. brain, gills, kidney, and heart isolated for the SOD enzyme assay. The physical and chemical parameters of test media viz. pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, carbon dioxide, total ammonia, magnesium, and calcium were determined on a 12-hourly basis. It was observed that with an increase in metal concentration, the activity of enzymes increased significantly in both fish species which was maximum at 1/4th of LC50 with the mean value of 49.35±10.04 UmL-1 in C. mrigala. In ...

The acute toxicity of copper (Cu) to the four fish species viz. Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, C... more The acute toxicity of copper (Cu) to the four fish species viz. Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Catla catla and Ctenopharyngodon idella of 90-, 120-and 150-days age groups was evaluated in the wet laboratory under static bioassay at constant water pH, temperature and hardness. Although all fish species exhibited variable sensitivity to different Cu concentrations, 90-day C. idella showed significantly (P<0.05) higher sensitivity to Cu with the mean 96-h LC 50 and lethal concentrations of 5.17 and 9.39 mg L 1 , respectively, while 150-day L. rohita were least sensitive with mean concentrations of 33.41 and 45.57 mg L 1 , respectively. No-significant difference was found between 150-day C. mrigala and C. catla for 96-h LC 50 . Amongst three age groups, 90-day fish of all four species showed highest sensitivity against Cu, while 150-day fish were least sensitive. Therefore, tolerance limits of all the four fish species against Cu increased with increase in fish age.

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020

Earthworms are beneficial fana residing under soil and play a vital role to improve soil health w... more Earthworms are beneficial fana residing under soil and play a vital role to improve soil health which ultimately enhance the yield of produce.in the present studies population density of earthworm were observed in datepalm and mango orchards. Total 192 sampling sites (96 under the canopy and 96 away from the canopy) were selected for study. From these sampling sites, 12 sampling sites (6 for Mango and 6 for Date palm fields) were selected randomly by the replacement sampling method every week. From Mango field 90 (under the canopy 48 and away from the canopy 42) while in Date palm field 55 (under the canopy 30 and away from the canopy 25) specimens were collected.

Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2015

A wide variety of chemicals especially metals contaminate the aquatic ecosystem and stimulate a v... more A wide variety of chemicals especially metals contaminate the aquatic ecosystem and stimulate a variety of toxicity mechanisms, such as oxidative damage to proteins, DNA and lipids. Very limited efforts have been made to investigate the genotoxic effects of metals in fish. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine copper induced genotoxic damage in peripheral blood erythrocytes of 150-day old four freshwater fish species viz. Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Catla catla and Ctenopharyngodon idella by using micronucleus test. For this purpose, 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentration of copper for all the four fish species were determined. Each fish species was exposed to four different sub-lethal concentrations (17, 25, 33, 50% of 96-hr LC50) of copper, separately, for a period of 30 days. Results showed exposure concentration dependent increases in the frequencies of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities. Findings of the experiment also confirmed that the micronucleus...

Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 2015

Received: Revised: Accepted: February 05, 2014 June 23, 2014 January 03, 2015 Among xenobiotics, ... more Received: Revised: Accepted: February 05, 2014 June 23, 2014 January 03, 2015 Among xenobiotics, metals gained attention because of their toxicity and harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems, fish and the human health. Present experiment was conducted to determine the genotoxic effects of individual metals viz. arsenic (As), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in peripheral blood erythrocytes of four freshwater fish species viz. Labeo rohita (rohu), Cirrhina mrigala (mori), Catla catla (thaila) and Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) by using Comet assay. For this purpose fish were exposed to four different sub-lethal concentrations (17, 25, 33 and 50% of LC50) of As, Cu, and Zn for a period of 30-day. All the four fish species showed significantly different extant of DNA damage in-terms of percent damaged cells, genetic damage index (GDI) and cumulative tail length of comets due to metals exposure. Among four fish species, Cirrhina mrigala showed significantly (P<0.05) higher percentage o...

Genotoxic effects of arsenic, in-terms micronuclei (MN) frequency and frequency of other nuclear ... more Genotoxic effects of arsenic, in-terms micronuclei (MN) frequency and frequency of other nuclear abnormalities (ONA), on four carp species (Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Catla catla and Ctenopharyngodon idella) were studied at constant water temperature (30 oC), pH (7.5) and total hardness (300 mgL-1). Acute toxicity of arsenic in-terms of 96 hr LC50 and lethal concentration for fish was determined and then all fish species were exposed to four sub-lethal (17, 25, 33 and 50% of 96 hr LC50) concentrations of arsenic, separately, for a period of 30 days. As the fish blood erythrocytes are nucleated therefore, selected for determination of genotoxic effects of arsenic. After metal exposure, frequency of (MN) and ONA were observed. All the four fish species showed significantly variable sensitivity to arsenic. Among four fish species, Cirrhina mrigala showed significantly higher micronuclei frequency with the mean value of 37.59 ± 12.49%, followed by that of Labeo rohita, Catla catla ...

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2012

The acute toxicity of copper (Cu) to the four fish species viz. Labeo rohita , Cirrhina mrigala ,... more The acute toxicity of copper (Cu) to the four fish species viz. Labeo rohita , Cirrhina mrigala , Catla catla and Ctenopharyngodon idella of 90?, 120? and 150?days age groups was evaluated in the wet laboratory under static bioassay at constant water pH, temperature and hardness. Although all fish species exhibited variable sensitivity to different Cu concentrations, 90?day C. idella showed significantly (P<0.05) higher sensitivity to Cu with the mean 96?h LC 50 and lethal concentrations of 5.17 and 9.39 mg L 1 , respectively, while 150?day L. rohita were least sensitive with mean concentrations of 33.41 and 45.57 mg L 1 , respectively. No?significant difference was found between 150?day C. mrigala and C. catla for 96?h LC 50 . Amongst three age groups, 90?day fish of all four species showed highest sensitivity against Cu, while 150?day fish were least sensitive. Therefore, tolerance limits of all the four fish species against Cu increased with increase in fish age. © 2012 Frie...

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020

During this investigation, the growth performance (wet weight and length) of three fish types was... more During this investigation, the growth performance (wet weight and length) of three fish types was studied under the sub-lethal nickel (Ni2+) concentrations of 70.40g, 71.99g and 79.11g for Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhina mrigala, respectively. The increase in fish weight was monitored in glass aquaria for eight weeks. During these metal-stress trials, fish were kept under constant temperature (30 °C), pH (7.0) and total hardness (200 mg·L‾1). Physio-chemical variables, e.g. dissolved O2, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, CO2, total NH3 and electrical conductivity of the test mediums used for each growth trial were recorded on a daily basis. An increase/decrease in wet weight, fork and total length of fish were monitored on the Fortifying basis for eight weeks of growth trial. Statistical analysis of the research data showed significant effects of metal stress on wet weights. Among the three treated fish species, Catla catla gained significantly maximum weight of 18.28 ± 0.95g, followed by...

Two indigenous Cr(VI) reducing bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Rb-1 and Ochrobactrum in... more Two indigenous Cr(VI) reducing bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Rb-1 and Ochrobactrum intermedium Rb-2 were used in this study. Mono as well as mixed cultures of these strains were used to inoculate the seeds of wheat under chromium (III and VI) stressed and chromium free conditions. Inoculated seeds were irrigated with industrial waste water and distilled water. Industrial waste water in combination with Cr(VI) exhibited more adverse effects on the growth as well as biochemical attributes of wheat. Seed germination was severely affected by the application of CrCl 3 and K 2 CrO 4 irrigated with industrial waste water and distilled water. Bacterial inoculation caused significant enhancement in percentage seed germination when compared with non-inoculated control. Application of chromium salts (III and VI) led to decrease in seedlings length but bacterial inoculation caused improvement in it as compared to respective non-inoculated treatment. Chromium (III and VI) stress in combination with industrial effluent caused significant increase in auxin content of wheat seedlings. Bacteriazation caused significant rise in peroxidase and soluble protein content under chromium (III and VI) stress and unstressed conditions. Maximum augmentation in studied growth and biochemical parameters were observed with the inoculation of bacterial strain O intermedium Rb-2. Reduction of chromium (VI) uptake by the inoculated seedlings was most prominent observation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of large number of bacterial cells on the surface of inoculated seedlings.

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2018

Authors' Contribution RN performed the experimental work. SA statistically analyzed the data. MJ ... more Authors' Contribution RN performed the experimental work. SA statistically analyzed the data. MJ and SK helped in write-up of this article.

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Jun 1, 2016

The acute toxicity, in terms of 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentration, of aluminum (Al) regarding f... more The acute toxicity, in terms of 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentration, of aluminum (Al) regarding four fish species viz. Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Catla catla and Ctenopharyngodon idella of 90-, 120-and 150-day age groups was determined under the wet laboratory under static bioassay. All the tests were performed, separately, at constant water temperature (30°C), pH (7.5) and hardness (300mgL-1). All fish species showed significantly (p<0.05) variable sensitivity to different concentrations of aluminum. However, Labeo rohita of all the three age groups showed significantly least sensitivity, in-terms of 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentration, against aluminum. For the age groups, 90-day fish showed significantly higher sensitivity, followed by that of 120-and 150-day old fish groups. Among fish species, Ctenopharyngodon idella exhibited significantly (P<0.05) higher sensitivity to aluminum with the mean 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentrations of 56.91±22.17 and 85.66±23.33mgL‾ 1 , respectively while Labeo rohita were significantly least sensitive with the mean 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentrations of 75.50±21.09 and 118.71±23.00mgL‾ 1 , respectively. Physico-chemical variables viz., dissolved oxygen showed highly significant and inverse relationship with aluminum concentration while ammonia had highly significant but positive impact on aluminum concentration of the test media.

Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 2014

Various environmental pollutants, including metals can cause toxicological effects on aquatic ani... more Various environmental pollutants, including metals can cause toxicological effects on aquatic animals especially fish species. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine acute toxicity and bioaccumulation patterns of arsenic (As), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in 150-day old fish species (Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Catla catla and Ctenopharyngodon idella), separately, in glass aquaria under constant water temperature (30 o C), total hardness (300 mg L-1) and pH (7.5). Catla catla showed significantly (P<0.05) highest sensitivity to metals while L. rohita was least sensitive. Significantly variable accumulation of metals was observed in fish that followed the order: Zn>Ni>As. Among exposed fish species, Cirrhina mrigala exhibited significantly higher ability to amass Ni (146.8±149.1 µg g-1) and Zn (243.0±190.5 µg g-1), followed by Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita and Catla catla at 96-h LC 50. Liver showed higher tendency to accumulate Ni, followed by gills and kidney with significant differences while kidney showed higher tendency to accumulate As, followed by liver. Fins and scales exhibited significantly (P<0.05) least tendency to accumulate all the three metals. Accumulation of metals in different fish species is the function of their membrane permeability, which is highly species specific. Due to this reason different fish species showed different amount of metal accumulated in their bodies. This study also reveals that the metals, being conservative in nature have higher ability of biomagnifications.

Pakistan J. Zool, 2011

Abstract.- The effect of temperature and relative humidity has beeen studied on the impact of six... more Abstract.- The effect of temperature and relative humidity has beeen studied on the impact of six advanced varieties of stub cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) against cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) under unsprayed conditions according to a Randomized Complete Block Design ( ...

Various geogenic and anthropogenic activities caused the release of toxic metals in aquatic ecosy... more Various geogenic and anthropogenic activities caused the release of toxic metals in aquatic ecosystem (Reimer et al., 2002). Fish appear as pragmatic indicator for assessment of pollutants in aquatic environments (Vutukuru et al., 2005; Javed, 2012). In the fish body, arsenic exists in different oxidation state: these include methylated arsenic, arseno-sugar and arseno-lipids. All these forms of arsenic vary in their toxicity. Different combinations of these oxidation states are believed to be responsible for the pathophysiology of arsenic (Bears et al., 2006). Although much work was done to assess the acute toxicity of arsenic to fish by different workers (Roy et al., 2006; Ghosh et al., 2006) but its genotoxic effects on different fish systems ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 11 (2014) pp. 877-888 http://www.ijcmas.com

Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2024

During present study, the copper (Cu) mediated oxidative stress was measured that induced DNA dam... more During present study, the copper (Cu) mediated oxidative stress was measured that induced DNA damage by concentrating in the tissues of fish, Catla catla (14.45±1.24g; 84.68±1.45mm) (Hamilton,1822). Fish fingerlings were retained in 5 groups for 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 days of the exposure period. They were treated with 2/3, 1/3, 1/4 and 1/5 (T1-T4) of 96h lethal concentration of copper. Controls were run along with all the treatments for the same durations. A significant (p < 0.05) dose and time dependent concentration of Cu was observed in the gills, liver, kidney, muscles, and brain of C. catla. Among organs, the liver showed a significantly higher concentration of Cu followed by gills, kidney, brain, and muscles. Copper accumulation in these organs caused a significant variation in the activities of enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). The SOD activity varied significantly in response to the exposure time of Cu as 56 > 70 > 42 > 84 > 28 > 14 days while CAT activity exhibited an inverse relationship with the increase in Cu concentration. POD activity showed a significant rise with an increase in Cu exposure duration. Comet assay exhibited significant DNA damage in the peripheral erythrocytes of Cu exposed C. catla. Among four exposure concentrations, 2/3 rd of LC 50 (T1) caused significantly higher damage to the nuclei compared to control. Increased POD and SOD activity, as well as a decrease in CAT activity in response to Cu, demonstrates the involvement of a protective mechanism against reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas increased ROS resulted in higher DNA damage. These above-mentioned molecular markers can be efficiently used for the biomonitoring of aquatic environments and conservation of edible fish fauna.

Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Dec 1, 2015

A wide variety of chemicals especially metals contaminate the aquatic ecosystem and stimulate a v... more A wide variety of chemicals especially metals contaminate the aquatic ecosystem and stimulate a variety of toxicity mechanisms, such as oxidative damage to proteins, DNA and lipids. Very limited efforts have been made to investigate the genotoxic effects of metals in fish. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine copper induced genotoxic damage in peripheral blood erythrocytes of 150-day old four freshwater fish species viz. Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Catla catla and Ctenopharyngodon idella by using micronucleus test. For this purpose, 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentration of copper for all the four fish species were determined. Each fish species was exposed to four different sub-lethal concentrations (17, 25, 33, 50% of 96-hr LC50) of copper, separately, for a period of 30 days. Results showed exposure concentration dependent increases in the frequencies of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities. Findings of the experiment also confirmed that the micronucleus test acts as a useful tool in determining the potential genotoxicity of metals in erythrocytes of various fish species. Among four fish species, Cirrhina mrigala showed significantly higher frequency of micronuclei with the mean value of 16.98±11.70%, followed by that of Ctenopharyngodon idella, Catla catla and Labeo rohita. However, frequency of other nuclear abnormalities followed the order: Labeo rohita > Cirrhina mrigala > Ctenopharyngodon idella > Catla catla.

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020

During this investigation, the growth performance (wet weight and length) of three fish types was... more During this investigation, the growth performance (wet weight and length) of three fish types was studied under the sub-lethal nickel (Ni 2+) concentrations of 70.40g, 71.99g and 79.11g for Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhina mrigala, respectively. The increase in fish weight was monitored in glass aquaria for eight weeks. During these metal-stress trials, fish were kept under constant temperature (30 °C), pH (7.0) and total hardness (200 mg•L‾ 1). Physio-chemical variables, e.g. dissolved O2, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , CO2, total NH3 and electrical conductivity of the test mediums used for each growth trial were recorded on a daily basis. An increase/decrease in wet weight, fork and total length of fish were monitored on the Fortifying basis for eight weeks of growth trial. Statistical analysis of the research data showed significant effects of metal stress on wet weights. Among the three treated fish species, Catla catla gained significantly maximum weight of 18.28 ± 0.95g, followed by Labeo rohita (16.18 ± 0.89) and Cirrhina mrigala (15.25 ± 1.15g). Fork and total length increments were observed significantly higher in Catla catla, followed by Labeo rohita and Cirrhina mrigala. However, under the exposure of nickel, all the fish species showed considerably lower weights than the control fish. It was concluded that sub-lethal metal (nickel) exposure to the fish significantly affected the growth performance (weights, fork and total length gains) and feed conversion ratios (FCR) of all the three fish species.

Journal of Zoo Biology

Aquaponics is the production of aquatic organisms using less water while hydroponic is the produc... more Aquaponics is the production of aquatic organisms using less water while hydroponic is the production of vegetables and plants without soil. Microbial diversity in these culture systems includes bacteria, protists, fungi, and archaea. Among microbes, bacteria are a pivotal and crucial aspect of aquaponic, aquaculture, and hydroponic system, acts as the bridge connecting the waste of fish to the fertilizer for plants. Current research aims to compare the bacterial diversity in water samples of aquaculture, aquaponics, and hydroponic systems. For this purpose, water samples were taken from aquaculture, aquaponic, and hydroponic system. Aliquots of the samples were used for the isolation of bacterial species based on standard procedures. Colonies were purified after isolation by membrane filtration by twice subculturing using the method of streaking plate. Potential bacterial isolates were characterized and identified up to the specie level by following standard microbiological techniq...

Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology

Present research work was conducted to measure the effects of tertiary metals mixture (Fe+Zn+Mn) ... more Present research work was conducted to measure the effects of tertiary metals mixture (Fe+Zn+Mn) on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in various tissues of two major carps, Cirrhina mrigala and Labeo rohita at controlled laboratory conditions. 90-day-old fingerlings of both fish species were exposed to 1/4th and 1/5th of their respective 96-hr LC50 value of Fe+Zn+Mn mixture, for 24 days. After 6, 12, 18, and 24-day exposure, fish from each treatment will be sampled, dissected and their tissues viz. brain, gills, kidney, and heart isolated for the SOD enzyme assay. The physical and chemical parameters of test media viz. pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, carbon dioxide, total ammonia, magnesium, and calcium were determined on a 12-hourly basis. It was observed that with an increase in metal concentration, the activity of enzymes increased significantly in both fish species which was maximum at 1/4th of LC50 with the mean value of 49.35±10.04 UmL-1 in C. mrigala. In ...

The acute toxicity of copper (Cu) to the four fish species viz. Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, C... more The acute toxicity of copper (Cu) to the four fish species viz. Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Catla catla and Ctenopharyngodon idella of 90-, 120-and 150-days age groups was evaluated in the wet laboratory under static bioassay at constant water pH, temperature and hardness. Although all fish species exhibited variable sensitivity to different Cu concentrations, 90-day C. idella showed significantly (P<0.05) higher sensitivity to Cu with the mean 96-h LC 50 and lethal concentrations of 5.17 and 9.39 mg L 1 , respectively, while 150-day L. rohita were least sensitive with mean concentrations of 33.41 and 45.57 mg L 1 , respectively. No-significant difference was found between 150-day C. mrigala and C. catla for 96-h LC 50 . Amongst three age groups, 90-day fish of all four species showed highest sensitivity against Cu, while 150-day fish were least sensitive. Therefore, tolerance limits of all the four fish species against Cu increased with increase in fish age.

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020

Earthworms are beneficial fana residing under soil and play a vital role to improve soil health w... more Earthworms are beneficial fana residing under soil and play a vital role to improve soil health which ultimately enhance the yield of produce.in the present studies population density of earthworm were observed in datepalm and mango orchards. Total 192 sampling sites (96 under the canopy and 96 away from the canopy) were selected for study. From these sampling sites, 12 sampling sites (6 for Mango and 6 for Date palm fields) were selected randomly by the replacement sampling method every week. From Mango field 90 (under the canopy 48 and away from the canopy 42) while in Date palm field 55 (under the canopy 30 and away from the canopy 25) specimens were collected.

Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2015

A wide variety of chemicals especially metals contaminate the aquatic ecosystem and stimulate a v... more A wide variety of chemicals especially metals contaminate the aquatic ecosystem and stimulate a variety of toxicity mechanisms, such as oxidative damage to proteins, DNA and lipids. Very limited efforts have been made to investigate the genotoxic effects of metals in fish. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine copper induced genotoxic damage in peripheral blood erythrocytes of 150-day old four freshwater fish species viz. Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Catla catla and Ctenopharyngodon idella by using micronucleus test. For this purpose, 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentration of copper for all the four fish species were determined. Each fish species was exposed to four different sub-lethal concentrations (17, 25, 33, 50% of 96-hr LC50) of copper, separately, for a period of 30 days. Results showed exposure concentration dependent increases in the frequencies of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities. Findings of the experiment also confirmed that the micronucleus...

Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 2015

Received: Revised: Accepted: February 05, 2014 June 23, 2014 January 03, 2015 Among xenobiotics, ... more Received: Revised: Accepted: February 05, 2014 June 23, 2014 January 03, 2015 Among xenobiotics, metals gained attention because of their toxicity and harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems, fish and the human health. Present experiment was conducted to determine the genotoxic effects of individual metals viz. arsenic (As), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in peripheral blood erythrocytes of four freshwater fish species viz. Labeo rohita (rohu), Cirrhina mrigala (mori), Catla catla (thaila) and Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) by using Comet assay. For this purpose fish were exposed to four different sub-lethal concentrations (17, 25, 33 and 50% of LC50) of As, Cu, and Zn for a period of 30-day. All the four fish species showed significantly different extant of DNA damage in-terms of percent damaged cells, genetic damage index (GDI) and cumulative tail length of comets due to metals exposure. Among four fish species, Cirrhina mrigala showed significantly (P<0.05) higher percentage o...

Genotoxic effects of arsenic, in-terms micronuclei (MN) frequency and frequency of other nuclear ... more Genotoxic effects of arsenic, in-terms micronuclei (MN) frequency and frequency of other nuclear abnormalities (ONA), on four carp species (Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Catla catla and Ctenopharyngodon idella) were studied at constant water temperature (30 oC), pH (7.5) and total hardness (300 mgL-1). Acute toxicity of arsenic in-terms of 96 hr LC50 and lethal concentration for fish was determined and then all fish species were exposed to four sub-lethal (17, 25, 33 and 50% of 96 hr LC50) concentrations of arsenic, separately, for a period of 30 days. As the fish blood erythrocytes are nucleated therefore, selected for determination of genotoxic effects of arsenic. After metal exposure, frequency of (MN) and ONA were observed. All the four fish species showed significantly variable sensitivity to arsenic. Among four fish species, Cirrhina mrigala showed significantly higher micronuclei frequency with the mean value of 37.59 ± 12.49%, followed by that of Labeo rohita, Catla catla ...

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2012

The acute toxicity of copper (Cu) to the four fish species viz. Labeo rohita , Cirrhina mrigala ,... more The acute toxicity of copper (Cu) to the four fish species viz. Labeo rohita , Cirrhina mrigala , Catla catla and Ctenopharyngodon idella of 90?, 120? and 150?days age groups was evaluated in the wet laboratory under static bioassay at constant water pH, temperature and hardness. Although all fish species exhibited variable sensitivity to different Cu concentrations, 90?day C. idella showed significantly (P<0.05) higher sensitivity to Cu with the mean 96?h LC 50 and lethal concentrations of 5.17 and 9.39 mg L 1 , respectively, while 150?day L. rohita were least sensitive with mean concentrations of 33.41 and 45.57 mg L 1 , respectively. No?significant difference was found between 150?day C. mrigala and C. catla for 96?h LC 50 . Amongst three age groups, 90?day fish of all four species showed highest sensitivity against Cu, while 150?day fish were least sensitive. Therefore, tolerance limits of all the four fish species against Cu increased with increase in fish age. © 2012 Frie...

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2020

During this investigation, the growth performance (wet weight and length) of three fish types was... more During this investigation, the growth performance (wet weight and length) of three fish types was studied under the sub-lethal nickel (Ni2+) concentrations of 70.40g, 71.99g and 79.11g for Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhina mrigala, respectively. The increase in fish weight was monitored in glass aquaria for eight weeks. During these metal-stress trials, fish were kept under constant temperature (30 °C), pH (7.0) and total hardness (200 mg·L‾1). Physio-chemical variables, e.g. dissolved O2, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, CO2, total NH3 and electrical conductivity of the test mediums used for each growth trial were recorded on a daily basis. An increase/decrease in wet weight, fork and total length of fish were monitored on the Fortifying basis for eight weeks of growth trial. Statistical analysis of the research data showed significant effects of metal stress on wet weights. Among the three treated fish species, Catla catla gained significantly maximum weight of 18.28 ± 0.95g, followed by...

Two indigenous Cr(VI) reducing bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Rb-1 and Ochrobactrum in... more Two indigenous Cr(VI) reducing bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Rb-1 and Ochrobactrum intermedium Rb-2 were used in this study. Mono as well as mixed cultures of these strains were used to inoculate the seeds of wheat under chromium (III and VI) stressed and chromium free conditions. Inoculated seeds were irrigated with industrial waste water and distilled water. Industrial waste water in combination with Cr(VI) exhibited more adverse effects on the growth as well as biochemical attributes of wheat. Seed germination was severely affected by the application of CrCl 3 and K 2 CrO 4 irrigated with industrial waste water and distilled water. Bacterial inoculation caused significant enhancement in percentage seed germination when compared with non-inoculated control. Application of chromium salts (III and VI) led to decrease in seedlings length but bacterial inoculation caused improvement in it as compared to respective non-inoculated treatment. Chromium (III and VI) stress in combination with industrial effluent caused significant increase in auxin content of wheat seedlings. Bacteriazation caused significant rise in peroxidase and soluble protein content under chromium (III and VI) stress and unstressed conditions. Maximum augmentation in studied growth and biochemical parameters were observed with the inoculation of bacterial strain O intermedium Rb-2. Reduction of chromium (VI) uptake by the inoculated seedlings was most prominent observation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of large number of bacterial cells on the surface of inoculated seedlings.

Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2018

Authors' Contribution RN performed the experimental work. SA statistically analyzed the data. MJ ... more Authors' Contribution RN performed the experimental work. SA statistically analyzed the data. MJ and SK helped in write-up of this article.

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Jun 1, 2016

The acute toxicity, in terms of 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentration, of aluminum (Al) regarding f... more The acute toxicity, in terms of 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentration, of aluminum (Al) regarding four fish species viz. Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Catla catla and Ctenopharyngodon idella of 90-, 120-and 150-day age groups was determined under the wet laboratory under static bioassay. All the tests were performed, separately, at constant water temperature (30°C), pH (7.5) and hardness (300mgL-1). All fish species showed significantly (p<0.05) variable sensitivity to different concentrations of aluminum. However, Labeo rohita of all the three age groups showed significantly least sensitivity, in-terms of 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentration, against aluminum. For the age groups, 90-day fish showed significantly higher sensitivity, followed by that of 120-and 150-day old fish groups. Among fish species, Ctenopharyngodon idella exhibited significantly (P<0.05) higher sensitivity to aluminum with the mean 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentrations of 56.91±22.17 and 85.66±23.33mgL‾ 1 , respectively while Labeo rohita were significantly least sensitive with the mean 96-hr LC50 and lethal concentrations of 75.50±21.09 and 118.71±23.00mgL‾ 1 , respectively. Physico-chemical variables viz., dissolved oxygen showed highly significant and inverse relationship with aluminum concentration while ammonia had highly significant but positive impact on aluminum concentration of the test media.

Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 2014

Various environmental pollutants, including metals can cause toxicological effects on aquatic ani... more Various environmental pollutants, including metals can cause toxicological effects on aquatic animals especially fish species. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine acute toxicity and bioaccumulation patterns of arsenic (As), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in 150-day old fish species (Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Catla catla and Ctenopharyngodon idella), separately, in glass aquaria under constant water temperature (30 o C), total hardness (300 mg L-1) and pH (7.5). Catla catla showed significantly (P<0.05) highest sensitivity to metals while L. rohita was least sensitive. Significantly variable accumulation of metals was observed in fish that followed the order: Zn>Ni>As. Among exposed fish species, Cirrhina mrigala exhibited significantly higher ability to amass Ni (146.8±149.1 µg g-1) and Zn (243.0±190.5 µg g-1), followed by Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita and Catla catla at 96-h LC 50. Liver showed higher tendency to accumulate Ni, followed by gills and kidney with significant differences while kidney showed higher tendency to accumulate As, followed by liver. Fins and scales exhibited significantly (P<0.05) least tendency to accumulate all the three metals. Accumulation of metals in different fish species is the function of their membrane permeability, which is highly species specific. Due to this reason different fish species showed different amount of metal accumulated in their bodies. This study also reveals that the metals, being conservative in nature have higher ability of biomagnifications.

Pakistan J. Zool, 2011

Abstract.- The effect of temperature and relative humidity has beeen studied on the impact of six... more Abstract.- The effect of temperature and relative humidity has beeen studied on the impact of six advanced varieties of stub cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) against cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) under unsprayed conditions according to a Randomized Complete Block Design ( ...

Various geogenic and anthropogenic activities caused the release of toxic metals in aquatic ecosy... more Various geogenic and anthropogenic activities caused the release of toxic metals in aquatic ecosystem (Reimer et al., 2002). Fish appear as pragmatic indicator for assessment of pollutants in aquatic environments (Vutukuru et al., 2005; Javed, 2012). In the fish body, arsenic exists in different oxidation state: these include methylated arsenic, arseno-sugar and arseno-lipids. All these forms of arsenic vary in their toxicity. Different combinations of these oxidation states are believed to be responsible for the pathophysiology of arsenic (Bears et al., 2006). Although much work was done to assess the acute toxicity of arsenic to fish by different workers (Roy et al., 2006; Ghosh et al., 2006) but its genotoxic effects on different fish systems ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 11 (2014) pp. 877-888 http://www.ijcmas.com