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Papers by Anjali Krishan
This project is concerned with how the trends of increased insecurity alter the built form of the... more This project is concerned with how the trends of increased insecurity alter the built form of the city and the social relations of the residents who use it in their everyday lives.U of I OnlyNo permission for open acces
The Palgrave Handbook of Global Health Data Methods for Policy and Practice, 2019
Singh, Krishan and Telford argue that investigators need qualitative data to fully describe the c... more Singh, Krishan and Telford argue that investigators need qualitative data to fully describe the context in which health policy operates. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, policymakers must appreciate the influence of social determinants on health outcomes and have the data to target interventions towards the most vulnerable populations. The authors review the historical roots of qualitative inquiry and provide a well-illustrated overview of the methods that investigators use to obtain people’s opinions and understand behaviours. They categorise qualitative data into four classes—facts, assertions, opinions and narratives—and show how synthesis of these data contributes to better understanding of health issues. The authors outline methods for collecting and analysing qualitative data and for judging the quality of findings based from these data.
Recognizing Connectedness: The Practice of Feminist Evaluation, 2021
Women and their actions are highly scrutinized in the development sector, due to the widespread b... more Women and their actions are highly scrutinized in the development sector, due to the widespread belief that changing a woman’s behaviour catalyses change in the community’s behaviour. Within the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) space, policy and programming narratives around open defecation particularly focus on women. It is assumed that women are natural beneficiaries of WASH schemes and have more to gain by moving away from open defecation practices. However, studies show that cessation of open defecation by women in particular, and the community
in general, is not a given despite the presence of toilets.
This paper is an attempt to identify and acknowledge the assumptions, or what following Batliwala and Dhanraj (2004) we call, gender myths, which underline the current policy and programmatic environment around open defecation. We will argue that current policies and programs largely adopt a gender instrumental approach based on two gender myths – (a) women bring and maintain hygiene and sanitation in the family and (b) women need protection and privacy for their safety and dignity.
As we find in the paper, these gender myths not only determine programmatic approaches, but also evaluation designs and priorities. As a result, more nuanced barriers to latrine use remain uncaptured and unaddressed. We use qualitative studies as well as our own field experiences with WASH evaluations to substantiate this argument.
The last part of the paper engages with feminist evaluation approach and its principles as a viable corrective to current ODE programs and evaluations. It suggests recommendations on how the feminist evaluation approach can be utilized in the domain of sanitation policy in the Indian context.
This project is concerned with how the trends of increased insecurity alter the built form of the... more This project is concerned with how the trends of increased insecurity alter the built form of the city and the social relations of the residents who use it in their everyday lives.U of I OnlyNo permission for open acces
The Palgrave Handbook of Global Health Data Methods for Policy and Practice, 2019
Singh, Krishan and Telford argue that investigators need qualitative data to fully describe the c... more Singh, Krishan and Telford argue that investigators need qualitative data to fully describe the context in which health policy operates. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, policymakers must appreciate the influence of social determinants on health outcomes and have the data to target interventions towards the most vulnerable populations. The authors review the historical roots of qualitative inquiry and provide a well-illustrated overview of the methods that investigators use to obtain people’s opinions and understand behaviours. They categorise qualitative data into four classes—facts, assertions, opinions and narratives—and show how synthesis of these data contributes to better understanding of health issues. The authors outline methods for collecting and analysing qualitative data and for judging the quality of findings based from these data.
Recognizing Connectedness: The Practice of Feminist Evaluation, 2021
Women and their actions are highly scrutinized in the development sector, due to the widespread b... more Women and their actions are highly scrutinized in the development sector, due to the widespread belief that changing a woman’s behaviour catalyses change in the community’s behaviour. Within the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) space, policy and programming narratives around open defecation particularly focus on women. It is assumed that women are natural beneficiaries of WASH schemes and have more to gain by moving away from open defecation practices. However, studies show that cessation of open defecation by women in particular, and the community
in general, is not a given despite the presence of toilets.
This paper is an attempt to identify and acknowledge the assumptions, or what following Batliwala and Dhanraj (2004) we call, gender myths, which underline the current policy and programmatic environment around open defecation. We will argue that current policies and programs largely adopt a gender instrumental approach based on two gender myths – (a) women bring and maintain hygiene and sanitation in the family and (b) women need protection and privacy for their safety and dignity.
As we find in the paper, these gender myths not only determine programmatic approaches, but also evaluation designs and priorities. As a result, more nuanced barriers to latrine use remain uncaptured and unaddressed. We use qualitative studies as well as our own field experiences with WASH evaluations to substantiate this argument.
The last part of the paper engages with feminist evaluation approach and its principles as a viable corrective to current ODE programs and evaluations. It suggests recommendations on how the feminist evaluation approach can be utilized in the domain of sanitation policy in the Indian context.