Krishna Priya - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Krishna Priya
Cureus
Depression is one of the highest prevalent mental illnesses and is one of the common illnesses th... more Depression is one of the highest prevalent mental illnesses and is one of the common illnesses that can have its onset during childhood or adolescence. It is estimated that up to 20% of children experience mental illness worldwide. Preventing the onset of depression in children and adolescents should be a vital public health goal that will improve public health and decrease health care costs. We reviewed literature that described school-based interventions to prevent the onset of depression, reduce the severity of depressive symptoms, and enhance global functioning in adolescents. Our research also provides strategies for schoolbased intervention programs that are mainly categorized into three main subtypes. We also discussed each subtype and its advantages and limitations. The goal is to bring the readers an understanding of the importance of preventing depression on a community level, beginning at schools.
Cureus, 2020
To investigate the association between opioid drug use and cardiometabolic risk factors in an adu... more To investigate the association between opioid drug use and cardiometabolic risk factors in an adult sample data acquired from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was performed using the data from the NHANES for the period 2009-2018 provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), amounting to a total of N = 10,032 eligible participants. The data were analyzed to study the relationship between opioid drug use (dividing into four dichotomy groups: drug use (DU) group, illicit drug use (IDU) group, repeated drug use (RDU) group, and current drug use (CDU) group) and cardiometabolic disease risk factors (CDRF) (i.e., hypertension, abnormal triglyceride levels, low-level of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), high waist circumference, insulin resistance, serum cotinine levels, higher C-reactive protein, hypercholesterolemia, and increased BMI). The statistical correlation was evaluated using the chi-square analysis, and a pvalue of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Alcohol use, age, race, ethnicity, education level, and poverty to income ratio (PIR) were analyzed as covariates. Results Overall, our analysis found that males were more likely than females (p ≤ 0.001) to have ever reported using drugs at least once in their lifetime. In fact, males were more likely than females to report ever using cocaine (p = 0.01), heroin (p = 0.01), and marijuana (p = 0.01). Additionally, males were significantly more likely than females to disclose the current use of illicit drugs (p = 0.002), and also tend to have consumed more with at least 12 alcoholic beverages per year (p < 0.001). Overall, we found no association between substance use and having a cluster of three or more CDRF variables for both males and females. Conclusion Study results highlight the prevalence of gender differences in DU and its reporting. With the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Cureus, 2021
Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare multisystemic autoinflammatory disease with symptoms... more Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare multisystemic autoinflammatory disease with symptoms, including spiking fever, evanescent rash, arthralgia or arthritis, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and myalgia. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in rheumatological diseases is quite high, which impacts social as well as occupational functioning. Depression and anxiety are known to be the most common psychiatric comorbidities in patients with arthritis and other rheumatological disorders. Here, we report the case of an adult white female with AOSD who showed improvement in symptoms of AOSD with monoclonal antibodies and steroids; however, significant worsening of pain along with depression & anxiety were noted. With the use of antidepressant serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), specifically duloxetine, our patient was able to experience improvement in depression, anxiety, and pain.
The traditional analog signal processing is expected to progressively substituted by the processi... more The traditional analog signal processing is expected to progressively substituted by the processing times of the digital domain in the VLSI .Within this novel paradigm ,digitally controlled delay lines should play the vital role in the digital-toanalog converters ,and in analog intensive circuits. From a practical point of view, nowadays, DCDL is a key block in the many applications like All Digital Phase Locked Loop, All Digital Delay Locked Loop, All Digital Spread Spectrum Clock Generator, etc. The classical method to design the DCDL is mostly based on the AND delay units and a MUX to select the output so called MUX based DCDL. Other designs are tree based MUX delay unit, inverter based, NAND based delay elements. The NAND based DCDL produce glitches which limit their employability in many applications. In most common application DCDL is used to process the clock signal, therefore glitch free DCDL operation is required. In this paper NAND based DCDL present the glitch free circui...
Cureus, 2021
Physician burnout is a common problem among US physicians. Burnout has been associated with absen... more Physician burnout is a common problem among US physicians. Burnout has been associated with absenteeism, mood disorders, and medical errors. Over the last several decades, physician burnout has become more prevalent because of increasing workloads, increasing administrative burden, and time spent on electronic medical records, among several other reasons. The rate of suicidal ideation in physicians is almost twice as high as the general population. In addition, studies on mortality related to suicide show that the rates of suicides in physicians are consistently higher than in the general population. Firearms are the most common suicide method in both groups, while physicians are more likely to use poisoning and blunt force trauma, as physicians who committed suicide were more likely to have benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or antipsychotics detectable in their blood. Unfortunately, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought to the surface multiple prevailing issues in the US healthcare system, including physician burnout and the prevalence of suicidality among physicians in the recent past. With this editorial, we plan to discuss the current understanding of the impact on physician suicide in the context of COVID-19.
The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders, 2021
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2020
The ongoing Coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic by the novel strain SARS‐CoV‐2 has dragged the entire... more The ongoing Coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic by the novel strain SARS‐CoV‐2 has dragged the entire world to its feet leaving people scared and anxious. Starting in December 2019 from Wuhan, China, COVID‐19 has spread like rapid fire to more than 200 countries.[2] As of July 20, 2020, worldwide there are 14,686,829 confirmed COVID‐19 cases and 609,835 deaths.[3] COVID‐19 is challenging not just for its medical phenomenon, but also for its capability to affect the financial, mental, emotional wellbeing of the individuals across the globe.[4,5] National agencies, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), and many other organizations are promoting to follow non‐pharmacological interventions (NPIs) to combat the pandemic.[6] However, amidst the challenges of mitigating COVID‐19, little has been known about the mental health impact of NPIs.
Cureus, 2020
We aim to discern the demographic predictors that may extend the hospitalization length of stay (... more We aim to discern the demographic predictors that may extend the hospitalization length of stay (LOS) for patients with bipolar disorder (BD), manic episodes managed with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and to study the impact of insurance and hospital characteristics on LOS. Methods We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS, 2012-2014) from the United States hospitals and included 2,785 adult inpatients (mean age 51.3 ± 16.2 years) with a primary diagnosis of BD, manic episode, and managed with ECT. The median LOS of the sample population is 16 days, and the study inpatients were divided into subgroups: ≤16 days versus >16 days. The logistic regression model was used to find the odds ratio (OR) for the associations of demographic and hospital variables with inpatient stay >16 days versus ≤16 days. Results BD inpatients managed with ECT during their hospitalization had a mean LOS of 21.6 ± 22.1 days. About 48.65% (N = 1355) had LOS >16 days. Older adults (age >50 years) have 2.4 times higher odds (95% CI 2.06-2.87) for hospital LOS >16 days compared to younger adults. Although a higher proportion of females received ECT (71.8%), males had two times higher odds (95% CI 1.59-2.27) for hospital LOS >16 days. BD inpatients covered by private insurance/self-pay were at 1.5 times higher odds (95% CI 1.27-1.77) for hospital LOS >16 days. In terms of hospital setting, ownership type and teaching status are significant predictors with inpatients managed in public and teaching hospitals at higher odds for LOS >16 days. Conclusions Older men and inpatients covered by private insurance/self-pay have a higher likelihood of extended hospitalization stay during ECT management of BD, manic episodes. The LOS is also influenced by hospital setting with patients managed in public teaching hospitals at higher odds of longer LOS compared to their counterparts.
Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine, 2016
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common preventable and treatable di... more Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common preventable and treatable disease. Part of the natural history of the disease is an exacerbation characterized by severity of dyspnoea, increased sputum volume, and purulence. Antibiotics are given to most patients with Acute Exacerbation Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD). Objectives: This study examines the clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone and levofloxacin in patients with AECOPD. It is an open label, observational comparative study. The study compares the efficacy of 1 gm ceftriaxone intravenous infusion BD and oral 500 mg levofloxacin OD for 5 days based on clinical parameters, investigates the healthcare utilization of the study population during hospitalization and looks into the cost comparison between the treatment groups. Methods: The clinical improvement and resolution was measured using the Borg scale for dyspnoea to quantify its severity. The sputum volume and sputum purulence were also quantified by scales. The measurements were done on day 1, 3 and 5. Results: Improvement and resolution of dyspnoea, sputum purulence, and oxygen saturation were similar with empirical intravenous ceftriaxone and oral levofloxacin therapy. Intravenous Ceftriaxone was significantly beneficial with p value of 0.009 in resolving sputum volume compared to levofloxacin. Treatment failure was observed in 23.5% ceftriaxone and 4.5% levofloxacin treatment groups; both were associated with low rate of relapse requiring hospitalization. Among these patients, the time to next exacerbation was within 3 weeks. Conclusion: This study has shown comparable clinical efficacy between ceftriaxone and levofloxacin in AECOPD. The ceftriaxone regimen is certainly costlier than the levofloxacin regimen due to higher acquisition, nursing, and infusion fee.
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2015
INSTRUCTIONS concerning medical equipment (the' term now adopted to embrace all medical and surgi... more INSTRUCTIONS concerning medical equipment (the' term now adopted to embrace all medical and surgical supplies) and for.indenting for it are laid down in Regulations for the M"edical Services of the Army. But regulations are dry things, and possibly an attempt to clothe their bare bones with the flesh of comment may not be out of place .. To commence with the process by which equipment is supplied. Indents (A.F.r. 1,209) are prepared by the indenting officer in q uadruplicate. He retains one copyiJ;l order to check the. supplies when received and forwards three copies to the D.D.M.S. of the command, who, after scrutiny, countersigns the indent and, in turn retaining one copy, forwards the remaining two to the 'Var Office. Exceptions to this procedure are: (1) Indents' for calf lymph are sent by the indenting officer to the Government lymph establishment at Hendon direct. (2) Urgent demands for sera or vaccines are mailed, telephoned or telegraphed direct to the Officer in Charge, Vaccine Department, R.A.M. College, MiIlbank, and a covering indent is at the same time forwarded in the usual manner. (3) In home commands, as an experiment, indents in duplicate for repairs to equipment already held on charge may be forwarded direct to the War Office, a copy being sent at the same time to the D.D.M.S. of the Command. In this way time is saved in repairing articles that have previously been sanctioned. On arrival at the War Office (A.M.D. 3) indents are stamped with the date of receipt, entered in a regist~r and given an issuing number. After scrutiny they are normally passed to the contractor for supply. At the present time they are first passed to the Officer Commanding Army Medical Store, Woolwich (where certain surplus stocks are still held) who strikes out items that he is able to supply before the indents, are passed to tha contractor. The contractor (or O.C. A.M. Store) dispatches consignments direct to units at homp., but in the case of units abroad he forwards a tonnage application to the War Office (A.M.D. 3) who arrange for shipment. A detailed. packing invoice is then forwarded to the Command abroad by A.M.D. 3, who retain a copy in case of llon-delivery of stores .. Small packages are sent by the contractor to A.M.D.3 for dispatch by post. The stores dispatched by the contractor for both hOIUe and abroad are accompanied by a blue packing invoice, which is used as ,a voucher to support the ledger entries of the unit concerned. At the same time the contractor forwards his bill in duplicate to the War Office, together with a duplicate Protected by copyright.
Indian Journal of Applied Research, 2011
Traditionally, household works have been deemed “women’s work”, while gender roles have changed o... more Traditionally, household works have been deemed “women’s work”, while gender roles have changed over time but still women perform most of the housework. The present study conducted in Paloura, Jammu was aimed to examine the households in order to assess the risks to which the women are exposed and their awareness level. The survey was conducted and information collected from 100 households randomly selected. The study reveals that the women of the sample households are exposed to various types of health risks with regard to LPG, electrical appliances, chemicals based products, cosmetics, self-medication, etc. The estimates of awareness status in terms of cumulative scores among the women in the households have shown moderate (51%) awareness level. It is recommended that there is need to create awareness among the women regarding use of labelled products, good quality cosmetics, herbal products, proper safety precautions while storing. INTRODUCTION We are part of urban society, witnessing the events those have never happened before. With increased consumerism and advancement in science and technology, changing trends are there in living habit and working of both men and women, but in household environment women experience it more. Although, modern living facilities like equipments, readymade food availability, transportation, communication and use of chemical products like beauty products, etc. for various purposes are readily available for use but, it becomes pertinent to assess their both positive and negative aspects, which are all the way lacking especially in women of developing countries like ours. Anticipating the effects of technology is therefore as important as advancing its capabilities (Greenberg, 1999). In summary, the water we drink, the food we eat, land we live on and air we breathe are contaminated to greater extent with products of our urban industrial society and women being an essential part of this society, are highly exposed to this risk. In the present study, attempt has been made to assess various kinds of household risks to women in the study area and assess their awareness level. METHODOLOGY The study area Paloura is a residential colony at a distance of 7 km from Jammu city located at 32 ̊ 45ˈ N and 79 ̊ 49ˈ E. The information regarding education, household risks and awareness among the women of region was collected with the help of a questionnaire through personal interaction in 100 sample households selected by random sampling techniques. For assessing the awareness level of women a scoring scale of 0 to 2 was followed, by considering 0 score for not aware, score 1for doubtful and score of 2 for aware. The total cumulative scores regarding awareness level of each sample household was calculated and classified into three categories i.e. (0-12) cumulative score for Poor awareness; (13-26) for Moderate awareness; (27 and above) for Good awareness. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Majority of the women in the study area were found to be literate (Table 1) and the male-female ratio in the sample households is more or less equal. During the study it was observed that women in the area are aware of the natural risks, but they are not well versed with the knowledge about the risks to which they are vulnerable due to advancement in technology and changes in day to day life style. According to the results (Table 2), various energy sources like LPG, kerosene, fuel wood etc. are used. In kitchens of majority of the households LPG is the main fuel for cooking used by 98 percent of the households, but placement of cooking stoves and the cylinders is faulty in many houses. In a study in Bangalore out of a total 641 fire accidents 42 were caused by LPG cylinder leakage (Anon, 2005). Most of the women in the study area use microwaves without proper knowledge and precautions. But it has been reported that microwave ovens have cancer-causing effects, destroy nutritive value of food and have biological effects on direct exposure of humans to microwave emissions (Kopp, 1996). Vegetables and fruits may have pesticides residues, so it becomes mandatory on the part of the consumers to properly wash the vegetables and fruits before consumption. In the study it was observed that 65 percent of the women have the habit of proper cleaning and washing of vegetables and fruits before storage. It has been reported by Barret (2005) that chemicals found in food products have potential impacts on human health. All the women in the sample households were using chemical cleaners like Phenyl, Harpic, Vimbar, etc. in excess. As revealed by Rosenblith (2005) these products are reported to be toxic to human and animals even at low levels, especially when handled with inadequate ventilation and care. Majority of women place chemical based products in unlabelled containers at various locations in houses. The dangers of these chemicals on human tissues have been revealed in a study conducted by Kristen et al., (2011). It was…
The present environmental crisis makes it necessary to minimise emissions in the power generation... more The present environmental crisis makes it necessary to minimise emissions in the power generation. Along with low carbon sources, a suitable alternative is carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology which allows us to continue fossil fuel based electricity generation at much lower rates of emission. Carbon capture can either be applied to new power plants or incorporated into existing ones. A case study on Indian power sector is carried out aiming to find a minimum investment energy mix for the year 2020 with 2007 as base year. For a primary analysis, the CCS parasitic load is assumed to be 20% of total capacity. In this study, the fraction of coal existing coal power plants to be retrofitted and the capacity factor of existing power plants are allowed to vary, along with the installed capacity needed from various types of new power plants. The constraints are those imposed by emission limit, energy demand, and the maximum capacity possible from various power sources. As power capacity and capacity factor are variable, the model turns out to be nonlinear. It was seen that a case allowing retrofitting is more economically viable than the scenario which does not. A sensitivity analysis on emission constraint shows that as the emission constraint was varied from 90% to 60% of 2007 levels, the fraction of existing power plants to be retrofitted varied from 16% to 53%. Also, as parasitic load is varied from 10% to 40% of total, the overall share of retrofitted power plants in the total mix varied from 11% to 7.5%. The study shows that allowing CCS retrofitting of existing power plants can reduce the overall capital requirement significantly.
International Journal of Scientific Research, 2012
Traditional conservation practices of indigenous people such as small forest patches dedicated to... more Traditional conservation practices of indigenous people such as small forest patches dedicated to local deity, contributed to the conservation and protection of biodiversity. The present study was aimed to examine the threats to the biodiversity of sacred groves of Jammu city. The survey was conducted and information was collected from 60 different sacred sites. The study reveals that these conservation sites face different levels of threats from urbanization, over-exploitation of natural resources, fragmentation, expansion of agriculture, religious tourism, lack of awareness, sanskritization, etc. It is recommended that there is need for awareness generation among youth, ecological education among the common people.
Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2015
A method of slow evaporation was adopted to grow pure semiorganic non linear L-arginine doped zin... more A method of slow evaporation was adopted to grow pure semiorganic non linear L-arginine doped zinc sulphate heptahydrate single crystals. The lattice parameters of the grown crystals were found out using powder XRD pattern. The different functional bond frequencies linked within the crystals were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. The absorption spectrum (UV-visible) between 200-1100 nm illustrates the absorption in this range along with the absence of any combination modes above 270 nm. Further TG/DTA curves ensure the absence of lattice water and thermal stability of the grown crystals. The L-Arginine was added in 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 mole % to zinc sulphate heptahydrate and the compound salts were subjected to Kurtz powder technique technique. It was observed that the second harmonic generation efficiency of 0.03 mole % L-arginine doped zinc sulphate heptahydrate single crystal is very much higher than pure zinc sulphate heptahydrate. The Vickers's micro hardness measurements proved the mechanical stability of the grown crystals.
2nd International Conference on Green Energy and Technology, 2014
The Screening curve method is a simple technique used in power system planning since decades. Tho... more The Screening curve method is a simple technique used in power system planning since decades. Though it is normally used for power system planning, it is possible to apply the method to a wide array of engineering applications. In this paper, the screening curve based graphical methodology is applied to minimize the energy requirement of a compressed air system and to minimize the total annualized cost of a refrigeration system. However, the graphical screening curve methodology is not directly applicable to expansion planning problem with existing sources. A tabular methodology is proposed to optimize expansion planning of systems with time varying demands. The proposed methodology is demonstrated with an example of refrigeration system. Proposed graphical as well as tabular methodologies are simple to understand and effective to optimize a diverse range of engineering problems.
2009 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science - Abstracts, 2009
Solar Energy, 2013
A photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system combines photovoltaic cells and thermal collectors and is cap... more A photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system combines photovoltaic cells and thermal collectors and is capable of simultaneously producing low temperature heat and electricity. A complete PVT system requires a thermal as well as an electrical energy storages to meet any mismatch between the demand and generation. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology for effectively sizing a PVT system. A sizing philosophy, called the design space approach, is applied to size the overall system. A design space is the collection of all feasible design configurations. It is observed that the design space for a PVT system is governed by the electrical demand, the thermal demand, the temperature requirement for the thermal load, and the boiling point of working fluid. A sensitivity analysis of the overall system sizing is carried out by varying electrical load, thermal load, and thermal load temperature.
Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2014
ABSTRACT Today, the world's energy needs are still supplied mainly from fossil fuel based... more ABSTRACT Today, the world's energy needs are still supplied mainly from fossil fuel based resources. This is true for electricity generation as well, thus making the power sector responsible for 45% of greenhouse gas emissions. The present climate crisis has made it necessary to minimise emissions in power generation, with low-carbon energy sources taking on greater significance in recent years. However, most low-carbon sources have inherent problems, like intermittency and high capital expenditure. A suitable alternative is carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology which allows continued fossil fuel-based electricity generation at much lower rates of emission. Two approaches are possible in the deployment of CCS technology. The first is to introduce new power plants equipped for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, while systematically shutting down existing coal power plants. Another is to retrofit existing power plants for CO2 capture. These approaches are compared in this work. The study shows that allowing CCS retrofitting of existing power plants can reduce the overall cost requirement significantly. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is also done to study the effect of nuclear energy on the overall energy mix.
Cureus
Depression is one of the highest prevalent mental illnesses and is one of the common illnesses th... more Depression is one of the highest prevalent mental illnesses and is one of the common illnesses that can have its onset during childhood or adolescence. It is estimated that up to 20% of children experience mental illness worldwide. Preventing the onset of depression in children and adolescents should be a vital public health goal that will improve public health and decrease health care costs. We reviewed literature that described school-based interventions to prevent the onset of depression, reduce the severity of depressive symptoms, and enhance global functioning in adolescents. Our research also provides strategies for schoolbased intervention programs that are mainly categorized into three main subtypes. We also discussed each subtype and its advantages and limitations. The goal is to bring the readers an understanding of the importance of preventing depression on a community level, beginning at schools.
Cureus, 2020
To investigate the association between opioid drug use and cardiometabolic risk factors in an adu... more To investigate the association between opioid drug use and cardiometabolic risk factors in an adult sample data acquired from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was performed using the data from the NHANES for the period 2009-2018 provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), amounting to a total of N = 10,032 eligible participants. The data were analyzed to study the relationship between opioid drug use (dividing into four dichotomy groups: drug use (DU) group, illicit drug use (IDU) group, repeated drug use (RDU) group, and current drug use (CDU) group) and cardiometabolic disease risk factors (CDRF) (i.e., hypertension, abnormal triglyceride levels, low-level of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), high waist circumference, insulin resistance, serum cotinine levels, higher C-reactive protein, hypercholesterolemia, and increased BMI). The statistical correlation was evaluated using the chi-square analysis, and a pvalue of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Alcohol use, age, race, ethnicity, education level, and poverty to income ratio (PIR) were analyzed as covariates. Results Overall, our analysis found that males were more likely than females (p ≤ 0.001) to have ever reported using drugs at least once in their lifetime. In fact, males were more likely than females to report ever using cocaine (p = 0.01), heroin (p = 0.01), and marijuana (p = 0.01). Additionally, males were significantly more likely than females to disclose the current use of illicit drugs (p = 0.002), and also tend to have consumed more with at least 12 alcoholic beverages per year (p < 0.001). Overall, we found no association between substance use and having a cluster of three or more CDRF variables for both males and females. Conclusion Study results highlight the prevalence of gender differences in DU and its reporting. With the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Cureus, 2021
Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare multisystemic autoinflammatory disease with symptoms... more Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare multisystemic autoinflammatory disease with symptoms, including spiking fever, evanescent rash, arthralgia or arthritis, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and myalgia. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in rheumatological diseases is quite high, which impacts social as well as occupational functioning. Depression and anxiety are known to be the most common psychiatric comorbidities in patients with arthritis and other rheumatological disorders. Here, we report the case of an adult white female with AOSD who showed improvement in symptoms of AOSD with monoclonal antibodies and steroids; however, significant worsening of pain along with depression & anxiety were noted. With the use of antidepressant serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), specifically duloxetine, our patient was able to experience improvement in depression, anxiety, and pain.
The traditional analog signal processing is expected to progressively substituted by the processi... more The traditional analog signal processing is expected to progressively substituted by the processing times of the digital domain in the VLSI .Within this novel paradigm ,digitally controlled delay lines should play the vital role in the digital-toanalog converters ,and in analog intensive circuits. From a practical point of view, nowadays, DCDL is a key block in the many applications like All Digital Phase Locked Loop, All Digital Delay Locked Loop, All Digital Spread Spectrum Clock Generator, etc. The classical method to design the DCDL is mostly based on the AND delay units and a MUX to select the output so called MUX based DCDL. Other designs are tree based MUX delay unit, inverter based, NAND based delay elements. The NAND based DCDL produce glitches which limit their employability in many applications. In most common application DCDL is used to process the clock signal, therefore glitch free DCDL operation is required. In this paper NAND based DCDL present the glitch free circui...
Cureus, 2021
Physician burnout is a common problem among US physicians. Burnout has been associated with absen... more Physician burnout is a common problem among US physicians. Burnout has been associated with absenteeism, mood disorders, and medical errors. Over the last several decades, physician burnout has become more prevalent because of increasing workloads, increasing administrative burden, and time spent on electronic medical records, among several other reasons. The rate of suicidal ideation in physicians is almost twice as high as the general population. In addition, studies on mortality related to suicide show that the rates of suicides in physicians are consistently higher than in the general population. Firearms are the most common suicide method in both groups, while physicians are more likely to use poisoning and blunt force trauma, as physicians who committed suicide were more likely to have benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or antipsychotics detectable in their blood. Unfortunately, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought to the surface multiple prevailing issues in the US healthcare system, including physician burnout and the prevalence of suicidality among physicians in the recent past. With this editorial, we plan to discuss the current understanding of the impact on physician suicide in the context of COVID-19.
The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders, 2021
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2020
The ongoing Coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic by the novel strain SARS‐CoV‐2 has dragged the entire... more The ongoing Coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic by the novel strain SARS‐CoV‐2 has dragged the entire world to its feet leaving people scared and anxious. Starting in December 2019 from Wuhan, China, COVID‐19 has spread like rapid fire to more than 200 countries.[2] As of July 20, 2020, worldwide there are 14,686,829 confirmed COVID‐19 cases and 609,835 deaths.[3] COVID‐19 is challenging not just for its medical phenomenon, but also for its capability to affect the financial, mental, emotional wellbeing of the individuals across the globe.[4,5] National agencies, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), and many other organizations are promoting to follow non‐pharmacological interventions (NPIs) to combat the pandemic.[6] However, amidst the challenges of mitigating COVID‐19, little has been known about the mental health impact of NPIs.
Cureus, 2020
We aim to discern the demographic predictors that may extend the hospitalization length of stay (... more We aim to discern the demographic predictors that may extend the hospitalization length of stay (LOS) for patients with bipolar disorder (BD), manic episodes managed with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and to study the impact of insurance and hospital characteristics on LOS. Methods We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS, 2012-2014) from the United States hospitals and included 2,785 adult inpatients (mean age 51.3 ± 16.2 years) with a primary diagnosis of BD, manic episode, and managed with ECT. The median LOS of the sample population is 16 days, and the study inpatients were divided into subgroups: ≤16 days versus >16 days. The logistic regression model was used to find the odds ratio (OR) for the associations of demographic and hospital variables with inpatient stay >16 days versus ≤16 days. Results BD inpatients managed with ECT during their hospitalization had a mean LOS of 21.6 ± 22.1 days. About 48.65% (N = 1355) had LOS >16 days. Older adults (age >50 years) have 2.4 times higher odds (95% CI 2.06-2.87) for hospital LOS >16 days compared to younger adults. Although a higher proportion of females received ECT (71.8%), males had two times higher odds (95% CI 1.59-2.27) for hospital LOS >16 days. BD inpatients covered by private insurance/self-pay were at 1.5 times higher odds (95% CI 1.27-1.77) for hospital LOS >16 days. In terms of hospital setting, ownership type and teaching status are significant predictors with inpatients managed in public and teaching hospitals at higher odds for LOS >16 days. Conclusions Older men and inpatients covered by private insurance/self-pay have a higher likelihood of extended hospitalization stay during ECT management of BD, manic episodes. The LOS is also influenced by hospital setting with patients managed in public teaching hospitals at higher odds of longer LOS compared to their counterparts.
Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine, 2016
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common preventable and treatable di... more Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common preventable and treatable disease. Part of the natural history of the disease is an exacerbation characterized by severity of dyspnoea, increased sputum volume, and purulence. Antibiotics are given to most patients with Acute Exacerbation Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD). Objectives: This study examines the clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone and levofloxacin in patients with AECOPD. It is an open label, observational comparative study. The study compares the efficacy of 1 gm ceftriaxone intravenous infusion BD and oral 500 mg levofloxacin OD for 5 days based on clinical parameters, investigates the healthcare utilization of the study population during hospitalization and looks into the cost comparison between the treatment groups. Methods: The clinical improvement and resolution was measured using the Borg scale for dyspnoea to quantify its severity. The sputum volume and sputum purulence were also quantified by scales. The measurements were done on day 1, 3 and 5. Results: Improvement and resolution of dyspnoea, sputum purulence, and oxygen saturation were similar with empirical intravenous ceftriaxone and oral levofloxacin therapy. Intravenous Ceftriaxone was significantly beneficial with p value of 0.009 in resolving sputum volume compared to levofloxacin. Treatment failure was observed in 23.5% ceftriaxone and 4.5% levofloxacin treatment groups; both were associated with low rate of relapse requiring hospitalization. Among these patients, the time to next exacerbation was within 3 weeks. Conclusion: This study has shown comparable clinical efficacy between ceftriaxone and levofloxacin in AECOPD. The ceftriaxone regimen is certainly costlier than the levofloxacin regimen due to higher acquisition, nursing, and infusion fee.
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2015
INSTRUCTIONS concerning medical equipment (the' term now adopted to embrace all medical and surgi... more INSTRUCTIONS concerning medical equipment (the' term now adopted to embrace all medical and surgical supplies) and for.indenting for it are laid down in Regulations for the M"edical Services of the Army. But regulations are dry things, and possibly an attempt to clothe their bare bones with the flesh of comment may not be out of place .. To commence with the process by which equipment is supplied. Indents (A.F.r. 1,209) are prepared by the indenting officer in q uadruplicate. He retains one copyiJ;l order to check the. supplies when received and forwards three copies to the D.D.M.S. of the command, who, after scrutiny, countersigns the indent and, in turn retaining one copy, forwards the remaining two to the 'Var Office. Exceptions to this procedure are: (1) Indents' for calf lymph are sent by the indenting officer to the Government lymph establishment at Hendon direct. (2) Urgent demands for sera or vaccines are mailed, telephoned or telegraphed direct to the Officer in Charge, Vaccine Department, R.A.M. College, MiIlbank, and a covering indent is at the same time forwarded in the usual manner. (3) In home commands, as an experiment, indents in duplicate for repairs to equipment already held on charge may be forwarded direct to the War Office, a copy being sent at the same time to the D.D.M.S. of the Command. In this way time is saved in repairing articles that have previously been sanctioned. On arrival at the War Office (A.M.D. 3) indents are stamped with the date of receipt, entered in a regist~r and given an issuing number. After scrutiny they are normally passed to the contractor for supply. At the present time they are first passed to the Officer Commanding Army Medical Store, Woolwich (where certain surplus stocks are still held) who strikes out items that he is able to supply before the indents, are passed to tha contractor. The contractor (or O.C. A.M. Store) dispatches consignments direct to units at homp., but in the case of units abroad he forwards a tonnage application to the War Office (A.M.D. 3) who arrange for shipment. A detailed. packing invoice is then forwarded to the Command abroad by A.M.D. 3, who retain a copy in case of llon-delivery of stores .. Small packages are sent by the contractor to A.M.D.3 for dispatch by post. The stores dispatched by the contractor for both hOIUe and abroad are accompanied by a blue packing invoice, which is used as ,a voucher to support the ledger entries of the unit concerned. At the same time the contractor forwards his bill in duplicate to the War Office, together with a duplicate Protected by copyright.
Indian Journal of Applied Research, 2011
Traditionally, household works have been deemed “women’s work”, while gender roles have changed o... more Traditionally, household works have been deemed “women’s work”, while gender roles have changed over time but still women perform most of the housework. The present study conducted in Paloura, Jammu was aimed to examine the households in order to assess the risks to which the women are exposed and their awareness level. The survey was conducted and information collected from 100 households randomly selected. The study reveals that the women of the sample households are exposed to various types of health risks with regard to LPG, electrical appliances, chemicals based products, cosmetics, self-medication, etc. The estimates of awareness status in terms of cumulative scores among the women in the households have shown moderate (51%) awareness level. It is recommended that there is need to create awareness among the women regarding use of labelled products, good quality cosmetics, herbal products, proper safety precautions while storing. INTRODUCTION We are part of urban society, witnessing the events those have never happened before. With increased consumerism and advancement in science and technology, changing trends are there in living habit and working of both men and women, but in household environment women experience it more. Although, modern living facilities like equipments, readymade food availability, transportation, communication and use of chemical products like beauty products, etc. for various purposes are readily available for use but, it becomes pertinent to assess their both positive and negative aspects, which are all the way lacking especially in women of developing countries like ours. Anticipating the effects of technology is therefore as important as advancing its capabilities (Greenberg, 1999). In summary, the water we drink, the food we eat, land we live on and air we breathe are contaminated to greater extent with products of our urban industrial society and women being an essential part of this society, are highly exposed to this risk. In the present study, attempt has been made to assess various kinds of household risks to women in the study area and assess their awareness level. METHODOLOGY The study area Paloura is a residential colony at a distance of 7 km from Jammu city located at 32 ̊ 45ˈ N and 79 ̊ 49ˈ E. The information regarding education, household risks and awareness among the women of region was collected with the help of a questionnaire through personal interaction in 100 sample households selected by random sampling techniques. For assessing the awareness level of women a scoring scale of 0 to 2 was followed, by considering 0 score for not aware, score 1for doubtful and score of 2 for aware. The total cumulative scores regarding awareness level of each sample household was calculated and classified into three categories i.e. (0-12) cumulative score for Poor awareness; (13-26) for Moderate awareness; (27 and above) for Good awareness. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Majority of the women in the study area were found to be literate (Table 1) and the male-female ratio in the sample households is more or less equal. During the study it was observed that women in the area are aware of the natural risks, but they are not well versed with the knowledge about the risks to which they are vulnerable due to advancement in technology and changes in day to day life style. According to the results (Table 2), various energy sources like LPG, kerosene, fuel wood etc. are used. In kitchens of majority of the households LPG is the main fuel for cooking used by 98 percent of the households, but placement of cooking stoves and the cylinders is faulty in many houses. In a study in Bangalore out of a total 641 fire accidents 42 were caused by LPG cylinder leakage (Anon, 2005). Most of the women in the study area use microwaves without proper knowledge and precautions. But it has been reported that microwave ovens have cancer-causing effects, destroy nutritive value of food and have biological effects on direct exposure of humans to microwave emissions (Kopp, 1996). Vegetables and fruits may have pesticides residues, so it becomes mandatory on the part of the consumers to properly wash the vegetables and fruits before consumption. In the study it was observed that 65 percent of the women have the habit of proper cleaning and washing of vegetables and fruits before storage. It has been reported by Barret (2005) that chemicals found in food products have potential impacts on human health. All the women in the sample households were using chemical cleaners like Phenyl, Harpic, Vimbar, etc. in excess. As revealed by Rosenblith (2005) these products are reported to be toxic to human and animals even at low levels, especially when handled with inadequate ventilation and care. Majority of women place chemical based products in unlabelled containers at various locations in houses. The dangers of these chemicals on human tissues have been revealed in a study conducted by Kristen et al., (2011). It was…
The present environmental crisis makes it necessary to minimise emissions in the power generation... more The present environmental crisis makes it necessary to minimise emissions in the power generation. Along with low carbon sources, a suitable alternative is carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology which allows us to continue fossil fuel based electricity generation at much lower rates of emission. Carbon capture can either be applied to new power plants or incorporated into existing ones. A case study on Indian power sector is carried out aiming to find a minimum investment energy mix for the year 2020 with 2007 as base year. For a primary analysis, the CCS parasitic load is assumed to be 20% of total capacity. In this study, the fraction of coal existing coal power plants to be retrofitted and the capacity factor of existing power plants are allowed to vary, along with the installed capacity needed from various types of new power plants. The constraints are those imposed by emission limit, energy demand, and the maximum capacity possible from various power sources. As power capacity and capacity factor are variable, the model turns out to be nonlinear. It was seen that a case allowing retrofitting is more economically viable than the scenario which does not. A sensitivity analysis on emission constraint shows that as the emission constraint was varied from 90% to 60% of 2007 levels, the fraction of existing power plants to be retrofitted varied from 16% to 53%. Also, as parasitic load is varied from 10% to 40% of total, the overall share of retrofitted power plants in the total mix varied from 11% to 7.5%. The study shows that allowing CCS retrofitting of existing power plants can reduce the overall capital requirement significantly.
International Journal of Scientific Research, 2012
Traditional conservation practices of indigenous people such as small forest patches dedicated to... more Traditional conservation practices of indigenous people such as small forest patches dedicated to local deity, contributed to the conservation and protection of biodiversity. The present study was aimed to examine the threats to the biodiversity of sacred groves of Jammu city. The survey was conducted and information was collected from 60 different sacred sites. The study reveals that these conservation sites face different levels of threats from urbanization, over-exploitation of natural resources, fragmentation, expansion of agriculture, religious tourism, lack of awareness, sanskritization, etc. It is recommended that there is need for awareness generation among youth, ecological education among the common people.
Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2015
A method of slow evaporation was adopted to grow pure semiorganic non linear L-arginine doped zin... more A method of slow evaporation was adopted to grow pure semiorganic non linear L-arginine doped zinc sulphate heptahydrate single crystals. The lattice parameters of the grown crystals were found out using powder XRD pattern. The different functional bond frequencies linked within the crystals were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. The absorption spectrum (UV-visible) between 200-1100 nm illustrates the absorption in this range along with the absence of any combination modes above 270 nm. Further TG/DTA curves ensure the absence of lattice water and thermal stability of the grown crystals. The L-Arginine was added in 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 mole % to zinc sulphate heptahydrate and the compound salts were subjected to Kurtz powder technique technique. It was observed that the second harmonic generation efficiency of 0.03 mole % L-arginine doped zinc sulphate heptahydrate single crystal is very much higher than pure zinc sulphate heptahydrate. The Vickers's micro hardness measurements proved the mechanical stability of the grown crystals.
2nd International Conference on Green Energy and Technology, 2014
The Screening curve method is a simple technique used in power system planning since decades. Tho... more The Screening curve method is a simple technique used in power system planning since decades. Though it is normally used for power system planning, it is possible to apply the method to a wide array of engineering applications. In this paper, the screening curve based graphical methodology is applied to minimize the energy requirement of a compressed air system and to minimize the total annualized cost of a refrigeration system. However, the graphical screening curve methodology is not directly applicable to expansion planning problem with existing sources. A tabular methodology is proposed to optimize expansion planning of systems with time varying demands. The proposed methodology is demonstrated with an example of refrigeration system. Proposed graphical as well as tabular methodologies are simple to understand and effective to optimize a diverse range of engineering problems.
2009 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science - Abstracts, 2009
Solar Energy, 2013
A photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system combines photovoltaic cells and thermal collectors and is cap... more A photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system combines photovoltaic cells and thermal collectors and is capable of simultaneously producing low temperature heat and electricity. A complete PVT system requires a thermal as well as an electrical energy storages to meet any mismatch between the demand and generation. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology for effectively sizing a PVT system. A sizing philosophy, called the design space approach, is applied to size the overall system. A design space is the collection of all feasible design configurations. It is observed that the design space for a PVT system is governed by the electrical demand, the thermal demand, the temperature requirement for the thermal load, and the boiling point of working fluid. A sensitivity analysis of the overall system sizing is carried out by varying electrical load, thermal load, and thermal load temperature.
Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2014
ABSTRACT Today, the world's energy needs are still supplied mainly from fossil fuel based... more ABSTRACT Today, the world's energy needs are still supplied mainly from fossil fuel based resources. This is true for electricity generation as well, thus making the power sector responsible for 45% of greenhouse gas emissions. The present climate crisis has made it necessary to minimise emissions in power generation, with low-carbon energy sources taking on greater significance in recent years. However, most low-carbon sources have inherent problems, like intermittency and high capital expenditure. A suitable alternative is carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology which allows continued fossil fuel-based electricity generation at much lower rates of emission. Two approaches are possible in the deployment of CCS technology. The first is to introduce new power plants equipped for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, while systematically shutting down existing coal power plants. Another is to retrofit existing power plants for CO2 capture. These approaches are compared in this work. The study shows that allowing CCS retrofitting of existing power plants can reduce the overall cost requirement significantly. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is also done to study the effect of nuclear energy on the overall energy mix.