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publications by Jayabala Krishnan
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2020
Activated carbon produced from coconut shells has been gaining interest in wastewater treatment a... more Activated carbon produced from coconut shells has been gaining interest in wastewater treatment as a potential carbon source for adsorption with desired porosity, surface area, and stability requirements. Acid activation has been preferred for activated carbon production due to its superiority over adsorption of malachite green dye. This study involved in the acid activation of coconut shell derived carbon and its characterisation was performed to study the surface functionalities, thermal stability, textural and structural morphologies. The activated carbon was used for the adsorption of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions and with a special insight by varying contact time (20-220 min) and initial dye concentration (20-80 mg L −1) for adsorption study. Phosphoric acid-activated carbon has shown maximum adsorption capacity (X m) of 32.787 mg g −1 at initial malachite dye concentration of 20 mg L −1 after 3 hours. All the adsorbents followed Freundlich isotherm with intra particle diffusion model as the ratelimiting step.
Water Science & Technology, 2021
The coconut-based agricultural wastes have gained wide attention as an alternative adsorbent for ... more The coconut-based agricultural wastes have gained wide attention as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of diverse pollutants from industrial effluents. This paper presents the zinc chloride activation of adsorbent carbon and its utilization as an adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from an aqueous solution. The characterization of activated carbon was performed to get an insight into the adsorption mechanism. The ZnCl2 activated carbon acquired a higher specific surface area (544.66 m2 g-1 ) and stability (-32.6 mV). The impact of process parameters including contact time (20–220 min) and initial dye concentration (20–80 mg L-1) was evaluated on the effectiveness of activated carbon for dye removal. The results concluded that zinc chloride activated carbon showed significant dye adsorption (39.683 mg g-1) at an initial concentration of 20 mg L1 after 3 hours. Based on the correlation coefficient (R2 ), the Freundlich isotherm model (0.978–0.998) was best fitted for the experimental data followed by the intraparticle diffusion model (0.88–0.929) as the most appropriate model for malachite green dye removal. Additionally, the energy and thermogravimetric analysis portrayed the suitability of the carbon material to be used as an energy alternative to coal.
Papers by Jayabala Krishnan
The present days robots equipped with Artificial Intelligence technique demonstrate human sentien... more The present days robots equipped with Artificial Intelligence technique demonstrate human sentient traits. With presumed human intelligence, these robots are capable of executing rational, independent and responsive actions. Adopting Artificial Intelligence technique in various domains are proven to be commercially promising and has triggered a global market demand, including Malaysia. Although robots in Malaysia are equipped with a primitive Artificial Intelligence, a high end Expert System application is evident in providing a financial management software through leading banking institutions. This article aims at analyzing the legal personhood model as one of the recommended resolutions concerning the issues of robots and liability by conferring legal personality to intelligent robots. Jurisprudential analysis was adopted in this article to analyze “rationality” as the criteria for the conferment of legal personality and mapping it onto robot’s goal-achieving mechanism. It is sug...
In this essay I will analyze the three main characters in the Harry Potter books based on how the... more In this essay I will analyze the three main characters in the Harry Potter books based on how they perform gender. My main focus is if the characters challenge gender stereotypes or if they build on clichés, norms and stereotypes when it comes to performing gender. By performing a close reading of the novels and by theorizing them with the help of Judith Butler's theory on gender as something performative I have come to the conclusion that the Harry Potter novels both challenge and do not challenge the stereotypes of gender. However, all characters show both masculine and feminine characteristics and that is what makes the novels unconventional in this aspect.
Current Science
In this study, we assess the response of ambient aerosol black carbon (BC) mass concentrations an... more In this study, we assess the response of ambient aerosol black carbon (BC) mass concentrations and spectral absorption properties across Indian mainland during the nationwide lockdown (LD) in connection with the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The LD had brought near to total cutoff of emissions from industrial, traffic (road, railways, marine and air) and energy sectors, though the domestic emissions remained fairly unaltered. This provided a unique opportunity to delineate the impact of fossil fuel combustion sources on atmospheric BC characteristics. In this context, the primary data of BC measured at the national network of aerosol observatories (ARFINET) under ISRO-GBP are examined to assess the response to the seizure of emissions over distinct geographic parts of the country. Results indicate that average BC concentrations over the Indian mainland are curbed down significantly (10-40%) from prelockdown observations during the first and most intense phase of lockdown. This decline is significant with respect to the long-term (2015-2019) averaged (climatological mean) values. The drop in BC is most pronounced over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (>60%) and northeastern India (>30%) during the second phase of lockdown, while significant reduction is seen during LD1 (16-60%) over central and peninsular Indian as well as Himalayan and sub-Himalayan regions. Despite such a large reduction, the absolute magnitude of BC remained higher over the IGP and northeastern sites compared to other parts of India. Notably, the spectral absorption index of aerosols changed very little over most of the locations, indicating the still persisting contribution of fossil-fuel emissions over most of the locations.
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
Activated carbon produced from coconut shells has been gaining interest in wastewater treatment a... more Activated carbon produced from coconut shells has been gaining interest in wastewater treatment as a potential carbon source for adsorption with desired porosity, surface area, and stability requir...
International Journal of Chemical Studies
A survey of five dust polluted plants of different families Azadirachta indica, Pongamia pinnata,... more A survey of five dust polluted plants of different families Azadirachta indica, Pongamia pinnata, Ficus religiosa, Ficus benghalensis, Polyalthia longifolia were carried out in Marudhamalai Road, Coimbatore, India. The dust holding capacity of leaves, pH of dust wash of leaf surface and amount of total chlorophyll content with respect to dust deposition on leaves are determined. From the surveyed plants the quantity of dust deposition was recorded from the randomly sample leaves. The maximum dust deposition on leaf surface was recorded in Polyathia longifolia and minimum dust deposition was found on Ficus religiosa. The pH of leaf wash of dust was found maximum on dust polluted leaves as compared to the control. The minimum total chlorophyll content was recorded in dust affected leaves. The dust deposition may different according to the structure, area, roughness, hair growth in surface of leaves. The dust may clogs pores of the stomata, it leads to change in respiration and transpiration process, no photosynthesis will occur and no food will be made hence tree will die off.
Water Science and Technology
The coconut-based agricultural wastes have gained wide attention as an alternative adsorbent for ... more The coconut-based agricultural wastes have gained wide attention as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of diverse pollutants from the industrial effluents. This paper presents the zinc chloride activation of adsorbent carbon and the utilization as an adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution. The characterisation of activated carbon was performed to get an insight into the adsorption mechanism. The ZnCl2 activated carbon acquired a higher specific surface area (544.66 m2 g−1) and stability (−32.6 mV). The impact of process parameters including contact time (20–220 min) and initial dye concentration (20–80 mg L−1) were evaluated on the effectiveness of activated carbon for dye removal. The results concluded that zinc chloride activated carbon showed a significant dye adsorption (39.683 mg g−1) at an initial concentration of 20 mg L−1 after 3 hours. Based on the correlation coefficient (R2), the Freundlich isotherm model (0.978–0.998) was best fitted...
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020
A survey of five dust polluted plants of different families Azadirachta indica, Pongamia pinnata,... more A survey of five dust polluted plants of different families Azadirachta indica, Pongamia pinnata, Ficus religiosa, Ficus benghalensis, Polyalthia longifolia were carried out in Marudhamalai Road, Coimbatore, India. The dust holding capacity of leaves, pH of dust wash of leaf surface and amount of total chlorophyll content with respect to dust deposition on leaves are determined. From the surveyed plants the quantity of dust deposition was recorded from the randomly sample leaves. The maximum dust deposition on leaf surface was recorded in Polyathia longifolia and minimum dust deposition was found on Ficus religiosa. The pH of leaf wash of dust was found maximum on dust polluted leaves as compared to the control. The minimum total chlorophyll content was recorded in dust affected leaves. The dust deposition may different according to the structure, area, roughness, hair growth in surface of leaves. The dust may clogs pores of the stomata, it leads to change in respiration and transpi...
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2020
Activated carbon produced from coconut shells has been gaining interest in wastewater treatment a... more Activated carbon produced from coconut shells has been gaining interest in wastewater treatment as a potential carbon source for adsorption with desired porosity, surface area, and stability requirements. Acid activation has been preferred for activated carbon production due to its superiority over adsorption of malachite green dye. This study involved in the acid activation of coconut shell derived carbon and its characterisation was performed to study the surface functionalities, thermal stability, textural and structural morphologies. The activated carbon was used for the adsorption of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions and with a special insight by varying contact time (20-220 min) and initial dye concentration (20-80 mg L −1) for adsorption study. Phosphoric acid-activated carbon has shown maximum adsorption capacity (X m) of 32.787 mg g −1 at initial malachite dye concentration of 20 mg L −1 after 3 hours. All the adsorbents followed Freundlich isotherm with intra particle diffusion model as the ratelimiting step.
Water Science & Technology, 2021
The coconut-based agricultural wastes have gained wide attention as an alternative adsorbent for ... more The coconut-based agricultural wastes have gained wide attention as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of diverse pollutants from industrial effluents. This paper presents the zinc chloride activation of adsorbent carbon and its utilization as an adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from an aqueous solution. The characterization of activated carbon was performed to get an insight into the adsorption mechanism. The ZnCl2 activated carbon acquired a higher specific surface area (544.66 m2 g-1 ) and stability (-32.6 mV). The impact of process parameters including contact time (20–220 min) and initial dye concentration (20–80 mg L-1) was evaluated on the effectiveness of activated carbon for dye removal. The results concluded that zinc chloride activated carbon showed significant dye adsorption (39.683 mg g-1) at an initial concentration of 20 mg L1 after 3 hours. Based on the correlation coefficient (R2 ), the Freundlich isotherm model (0.978–0.998) was best fitted for the experimental data followed by the intraparticle diffusion model (0.88–0.929) as the most appropriate model for malachite green dye removal. Additionally, the energy and thermogravimetric analysis portrayed the suitability of the carbon material to be used as an energy alternative to coal.
The present days robots equipped with Artificial Intelligence technique demonstrate human sentien... more The present days robots equipped with Artificial Intelligence technique demonstrate human sentient traits. With presumed human intelligence, these robots are capable of executing rational, independent and responsive actions. Adopting Artificial Intelligence technique in various domains are proven to be commercially promising and has triggered a global market demand, including Malaysia. Although robots in Malaysia are equipped with a primitive Artificial Intelligence, a high end Expert System application is evident in providing a financial management software through leading banking institutions. This article aims at analyzing the legal personhood model as one of the recommended resolutions concerning the issues of robots and liability by conferring legal personality to intelligent robots. Jurisprudential analysis was adopted in this article to analyze “rationality” as the criteria for the conferment of legal personality and mapping it onto robot’s goal-achieving mechanism. It is sug...
In this essay I will analyze the three main characters in the Harry Potter books based on how the... more In this essay I will analyze the three main characters in the Harry Potter books based on how they perform gender. My main focus is if the characters challenge gender stereotypes or if they build on clichés, norms and stereotypes when it comes to performing gender. By performing a close reading of the novels and by theorizing them with the help of Judith Butler's theory on gender as something performative I have come to the conclusion that the Harry Potter novels both challenge and do not challenge the stereotypes of gender. However, all characters show both masculine and feminine characteristics and that is what makes the novels unconventional in this aspect.
Current Science
In this study, we assess the response of ambient aerosol black carbon (BC) mass concentrations an... more In this study, we assess the response of ambient aerosol black carbon (BC) mass concentrations and spectral absorption properties across Indian mainland during the nationwide lockdown (LD) in connection with the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The LD had brought near to total cutoff of emissions from industrial, traffic (road, railways, marine and air) and energy sectors, though the domestic emissions remained fairly unaltered. This provided a unique opportunity to delineate the impact of fossil fuel combustion sources on atmospheric BC characteristics. In this context, the primary data of BC measured at the national network of aerosol observatories (ARFINET) under ISRO-GBP are examined to assess the response to the seizure of emissions over distinct geographic parts of the country. Results indicate that average BC concentrations over the Indian mainland are curbed down significantly (10-40%) from prelockdown observations during the first and most intense phase of lockdown. This decline is significant with respect to the long-term (2015-2019) averaged (climatological mean) values. The drop in BC is most pronounced over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (>60%) and northeastern India (>30%) during the second phase of lockdown, while significant reduction is seen during LD1 (16-60%) over central and peninsular Indian as well as Himalayan and sub-Himalayan regions. Despite such a large reduction, the absolute magnitude of BC remained higher over the IGP and northeastern sites compared to other parts of India. Notably, the spectral absorption index of aerosols changed very little over most of the locations, indicating the still persisting contribution of fossil-fuel emissions over most of the locations.
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
Activated carbon produced from coconut shells has been gaining interest in wastewater treatment a... more Activated carbon produced from coconut shells has been gaining interest in wastewater treatment as a potential carbon source for adsorption with desired porosity, surface area, and stability requir...
International Journal of Chemical Studies
A survey of five dust polluted plants of different families Azadirachta indica, Pongamia pinnata,... more A survey of five dust polluted plants of different families Azadirachta indica, Pongamia pinnata, Ficus religiosa, Ficus benghalensis, Polyalthia longifolia were carried out in Marudhamalai Road, Coimbatore, India. The dust holding capacity of leaves, pH of dust wash of leaf surface and amount of total chlorophyll content with respect to dust deposition on leaves are determined. From the surveyed plants the quantity of dust deposition was recorded from the randomly sample leaves. The maximum dust deposition on leaf surface was recorded in Polyathia longifolia and minimum dust deposition was found on Ficus religiosa. The pH of leaf wash of dust was found maximum on dust polluted leaves as compared to the control. The minimum total chlorophyll content was recorded in dust affected leaves. The dust deposition may different according to the structure, area, roughness, hair growth in surface of leaves. The dust may clogs pores of the stomata, it leads to change in respiration and transpiration process, no photosynthesis will occur and no food will be made hence tree will die off.
Water Science and Technology
The coconut-based agricultural wastes have gained wide attention as an alternative adsorbent for ... more The coconut-based agricultural wastes have gained wide attention as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of diverse pollutants from the industrial effluents. This paper presents the zinc chloride activation of adsorbent carbon and the utilization as an adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution. The characterisation of activated carbon was performed to get an insight into the adsorption mechanism. The ZnCl2 activated carbon acquired a higher specific surface area (544.66 m2 g−1) and stability (−32.6 mV). The impact of process parameters including contact time (20–220 min) and initial dye concentration (20–80 mg L−1) were evaluated on the effectiveness of activated carbon for dye removal. The results concluded that zinc chloride activated carbon showed a significant dye adsorption (39.683 mg g−1) at an initial concentration of 20 mg L−1 after 3 hours. Based on the correlation coefficient (R2), the Freundlich isotherm model (0.978–0.998) was best fitted...
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020
A survey of five dust polluted plants of different families Azadirachta indica, Pongamia pinnata,... more A survey of five dust polluted plants of different families Azadirachta indica, Pongamia pinnata, Ficus religiosa, Ficus benghalensis, Polyalthia longifolia were carried out in Marudhamalai Road, Coimbatore, India. The dust holding capacity of leaves, pH of dust wash of leaf surface and amount of total chlorophyll content with respect to dust deposition on leaves are determined. From the surveyed plants the quantity of dust deposition was recorded from the randomly sample leaves. The maximum dust deposition on leaf surface was recorded in Polyathia longifolia and minimum dust deposition was found on Ficus religiosa. The pH of leaf wash of dust was found maximum on dust polluted leaves as compared to the control. The minimum total chlorophyll content was recorded in dust affected leaves. The dust deposition may different according to the structure, area, roughness, hair growth in surface of leaves. The dust may clogs pores of the stomata, it leads to change in respiration and transpi...