Kristen Graham - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Kristen Graham
Professional and Practice-based Learning, 2019
Post-practicum is a time when students have an opportunity to share, compare and engage criticall... more Post-practicum is a time when students have an opportunity to share, compare and engage critically in considering how their clinical experiences impact on their learning and future roles as professionals. Reflective practice has merit in facilitating this process. This project aimed to enhance student’s capacity for reflective practice through reflective writing to optimise the learning potential of longitudinal practice-based midwifery experiences. A design-based approach was used to implement an educational intervention to enhance students’ reflective writing. Midwifery students at Griffith University were familiar with and had been using the Bass Model of Holistic Reflection for the previous 3 years. Students at Flinders University were unfamiliar with the model and through the project were provided with guidance and resources on its use to guide their post-practicum reflection. Students’ written reflections completed before and after the introduction of the model at Flinders Uni...
Midwifery, 2021
BACKGROUND Continuity of Care Experiences are a mandated component of Australian midwifery progra... more BACKGROUND Continuity of Care Experiences are a mandated component of Australian midwifery programs leading to registration. Despite research evidence of the benefits of Continuity of Care Experiences for student learning and for women, there is limited evidence on the personal impact of this experience to students. Additionally, there is limited guidance on how to best support students to successfully complete this valuable component of their program. OBJECTIVE To identify the emotional, psychological, social and financial costs of undertaking the Continuity of Care Experience component of a midwifery program and to provide information which may lead to educational strategies within CoCE aimed to improve student support and alleviate challenges. DESIGN Using surveys and diary entries, a convergent parallel mixed methods approach was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data concurrently. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse financial cost, and clinical, travel and wa...
Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives, 2021
BACKGROUND High infant mortality remains a global health problem, particularly in less developed ... more BACKGROUND High infant mortality remains a global health problem, particularly in less developed countries. Indonesia has one of the highest infant mortality rates in Southeast Asia. Known factors relate to documented medical conditions and do not necessarily explain their origin. AIM To identify and explore factors that contribute to infant mortality in Papua, Indonesia, through the lens of health workers' perceptions. METHODS A qualitative descriptive approach using semi-structured interviews was used. Twelve Indonesian health workers participated. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, and then analysed thematically. FINDINGS Five main themes were generated: beliefs and practices related to pregnancy, birth, and infants; infant health factors; maternal health factors; barriers to seeking, receiving and providing infant health care; and enablers and strategies for improving infant health. DISCUSSION Cultural factors were perceived as contributing to poor health outcom...
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2021
Background Woman-centred care is recognised as a fundamental construct of midwifery practice yet ... more Background Woman-centred care is recognised as a fundamental construct of midwifery practice yet to date, there has been no validated tool available to measure it. This study aims to develop and test a self-report tool to measure woman-centred care in midwives. Methods A staged approach was used for tool development including deductive methods to generate items, testing content validity with a group of experts, and psychometrically testing the instrument with a sample drawn from the target audience. The draft 58 item tool was distributed in an online survey using professional networks in Australia and New Zealand. Testing included item analysis, principal components analysis with direct oblimin rotation and subscale analysis, and internal consistency reliability. Results In total, 319 surveys were returned. Analysis revealed five factors explaining 47.6% of variance. Items were reduced to 40. Internal consistency (.92) was high but varied across factors. Factors reflected the extent...
Women and Birth
BACKGROUND Restriction of food and fluids during labour increases women's discomfort, anxiety... more BACKGROUND Restriction of food and fluids during labour increases women's discomfort, anxiety and stress which are associated with obstruction of the normal process of labour. Whilst research evidence and clinical guidelines recommend that normal uncomplicated labouring women should not be limited in their oral intake during labour, some midwives continue to restrict or discourage women's oral intake. To promote best practice, it is important to understand the influencing factors which affect midwives' decision-making processes. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the influences that affect midwifery practice regarding oral food and fluid intake for low-risk labouring women. DESIGN An interpretive descriptive approach employed 12 semi-structured interviews with registered midwives with current labour and birthing experience in Australia. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. FINDINGS Three themes were identified: midwives' knowledge and beliefs; work environment and women's expectations of care. Midwives' practice was affected by their knowledge and values developed from professional and personal experiences of labour, their context of practice and work environment, the clinical guidelines, policies and obstetric control, and women's choice and comfort. CONCLUSION This study indicates that midwives' decision-making in relation to women's oral nutrition during labour is multifaceted and influenced by complicated environments, models of care, and power relations between doctors and midwives, more so than clinical guidelines. It is important for midwives to be aware of factors negatively influencing their decision-making processes to enable autonomy and empowerment in the provision of evidence-based care of labouring women.
Women and Birth
BACKGROUND The Australian Midwifery Standards Assessment Tool (AMSAT) was developed against the C... more BACKGROUND The Australian Midwifery Standards Assessment Tool (AMSAT) was developed against the Competency Standards for the Midwife in 2017 to enable consistent assessment of midwifery student performance in practice-based settings. The AMSAT requires revision and re-validation as the competency standards have now been superseded by the Midwife Standards for Practice 2018. OBJECTIVE This research revised and validated the AMSAT to assess performance of midwifery students against the Midwife Standards for Practice 2018 and assessed its sensitivity. DESIGN A mixed-methods approach was used in a two-phase process. Phase one involved the re-wording of the AMSAT and behavioural cue statements in an iterative participatory process with midwifery academics, assessors and students. The tool was field-tested in different assessment environments in phase two. Completed assessment forms were statistically analyzed, whilst assessor surveys were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. FINDINGS Analysis of AMSAT (n=255) indicates the tool as: internally reliable (Cronbach alpha>.9); valid (eigenvalue of 16.6 explaining 67% of variance); and sensitive (score analysis indicating increased levels of proficiency with progressive student experience). Analysis of surveys (n=108) found acceptance of the tool for the purpose of summative and formative assessment, and in the provision of feedback to midwifery students on their performance. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the re-developed AMSAT is a valid, reliable and acceptable tool to assess midwifery students' performance against the Australian Midwife Standards for Practice This user-friendly tool can be used to standardize midwifery student assessment in Australia and enable continued benchmarking across education programs.
Women and Birth
BACKGROUND Acupuncture during pregnancy and the perinatal period aims to increase normal birth an... more BACKGROUND Acupuncture during pregnancy and the perinatal period aims to increase normal birth and enhance a woman's birth experience by decreasing intervention and adverse birth outcomes. Acupuncture in Australian maternity services has not been well accepted, and there is limited research evidence as to whether women are supportive of acupuncture treatment. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to understand childbearing aged women's attitudes, beliefs and practices to using acupuncture during pregnancy and the perinatal period, and possible acceptance of a midwife providing acupuncture treatments. DESIGN A descriptive/explorative quantitative methodology was used to gather data from childbearing aged women using an online survey. Statistical analysis was used for quantitative data and content analysis for the free-text responses. Recruitment of respondents took place in 2017 via Facebook birth and parenting groups and pages. FINDINGS Of 304 respondents, 68% (n = 206) had used acupuncture, and of these, 68% (n = 140) used acupuncture for concerns during pregnancy and the perinatal period. The majority of respondents indicated they would consider acupuncture during pregnancy and the perinatal period (89%) and 62% indicated they would have a midwife provide a treatment. The free-text responses provided mostly positive comments on the outcomes and satisfaction of acupuncture treatments (84% n = 199). CONCLUSION The majority of respondents would consider acupuncture during pregnancy and the perinatal period, were positive to trying acupuncture for various concerns, and were positive towards a midwife providing treatments. These findings raise awareness of women's desire for the choice of an acupuncture treatment during pregnancy and the perinatal period.
Nurse Education Today
BACKGROUND Immersive virtual reality is an advancing technology that has the potential to change ... more BACKGROUND Immersive virtual reality is an advancing technology that has the potential to change the traditional pedagogical approaches to teaching tertiary nursing and midwifery students. The application of immersive virtual reality in nursing and midwifery education may be a novel, accessible method for information provision and skill acquisition, however little is known of the extent of immersive virtual reality technology integration into tertiary nursing and midwifery programs. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review is to identify the application and integration of immersive virtual reality within nursing and midwifery tertiary education programs. DESIGN A scoping review based on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was undertaken. An a priori review protocol and eligibility criterion was developed with the protocol subject to review a posteriori following first round screening. An electronic search of ten databases was conducted in January 2018. RESULTS A total of n = 506 non-duplicate records were identified and subjected to level one and level two screening. The search strategy and screening process identified n = 2 articles that were quality checked and included for review. CONCLUSIONS There is currently a paucity of quality published literature on the application and/or integration of immersive virtual reality into nursing and midwifery tertiary education. Immersive virtual reality has the potential to increase competence and confidence for students providing accessible and repeatable learning opportunities in a fail-safe environment. There is a need for educators to be involved in the conceptualisation, design, integration and research of immersive virtual reality technology into undergraduate nursing and midwifery programs.
Women and Birth
BACKGROUND Practice-based or clinical placements are highly valued for linking theory to practice... more BACKGROUND Practice-based or clinical placements are highly valued for linking theory to practice and enabling students to meet graduate outcomes and industry standards. Post-practicum, the period immediately following clinical experiences, is a time when students have an opportunity to share, compare and engage critically in considering how these experiences impact on their learning. Reflective practice has merit in facilitating this process. AIM This project aimed to optimise the learning potential of practice-based experiences by enhancing midwifery students' capacity for reflective practice through writing. METHODS Design-based research was used to implement an educational intervention aimed at developing reflective practice skills and enhance reflective writing. The Bass Model of Holistic Reflection was introduced to promote the development of reflective capacity in midwifery students. Academics and midwifery students were provided with guidance and resources on how to apply the model to guide reflective writing. Students' written reflections completed before (n=130) and after the introduction of the intervention (n=96) were evaluated using a scoring framework designed to assess sequential development of reflective capacity. FINDINGS The pre-intervention scores ranked poorly as evidence of reflective capacity. All scores improved post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of a holistic structured model of reflection resulted in improved scores across all five components of reflective writing; self-awareness, sources of knowledge, reflection and critical reflection, evidence informed practice and critical thinking. While further work is required the results show that the implementation process and use of the Bass Model enables students to demonstrate their capacity to reflect-on-practice through their writing.
Nurse education in practice, Jan 17, 2018
Clinical placement is a core feature of Australian midwifery education programs, with clinical su... more Clinical placement is a core feature of Australian midwifery education programs, with clinical supervision acknowledged as a key component for student success. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical facilitation models in South Australia, specifically the quality of clinical supervision to facilitate learning, and key stakeholder satisfaction. A mixed method evaluation research design was used to compare three models of clinical facilitation for midwifery students undertaking clinical placement across five venues. Midwifery students (n = 174), across two universities completed an anonymous e-survey utilising the validated Clinical Placement Experience Questionnaire. Midwives (n = 149) across five venues completed an anonymous purpose-designed questionnaire on their experience providing clinical supervision to midwifery students and Clinical Facilitators (n = 8) representing three facilitation models completed a self-report e-diary for two weeks and engaged in a focus gro...
Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives, Jan 9, 2016
Increasing global migration is resulting in a culturally diverse population in the receiving coun... more Increasing global migration is resulting in a culturally diverse population in the receiving countries. In Australia, it is estimated that at least four thousand Sub-Saharan African women give birth each year. To respond appropriately to the needs of these women, it is important to understand their experiences of maternity care. The study aimed to examine the maternity experiences of Sub-Saharan African women who had given birth in both Sub-Saharan Africa and in Australia. Using a qualitative approach, 14 semi-structured interviews with Sub-Saharan African women now living in Australia were conducted. Data was analysed using Braun and Clark's approach to thematic analysis. Four themes were identified; access to services including health education; birth environment and support; pain management; and perceptions of care. The participants experienced issues with access to maternity care whether they were located in Sub-Saharan Africa or Australia. The study draws on an existing con...
Nurse Education in Practice, 2016
Effective clinical supervision in midwifery programs leading to registration is essential to ensu... more Effective clinical supervision in midwifery programs leading to registration is essential to ensure that students can provide safe and competent woman centred care by the completion of their program. A number of different clinical supervision models exist in Australia and internationally, with varying levels of support and facilitation of student learning opportunities. In Australia, midwifery students must achieve specified learning outcomes and midwifery practice requirements to be eligible to register as a midwife. Identifying a best practice clinical supervision model for Australian midwifery students is therefore a priority for all key stakeholders, particularly education and maternity care providers. The aim of this literature review was to explore different types of clinical supervision models in order to develop and implement a best practice model in midwifery education programs.
Professional and Practice-based Learning, 2019
Post-practicum is a time when students have an opportunity to share, compare and engage criticall... more Post-practicum is a time when students have an opportunity to share, compare and engage critically in considering how their clinical experiences impact on their learning and future roles as professionals. Reflective practice has merit in facilitating this process. This project aimed to enhance student’s capacity for reflective practice through reflective writing to optimise the learning potential of longitudinal practice-based midwifery experiences. A design-based approach was used to implement an educational intervention to enhance students’ reflective writing. Midwifery students at Griffith University were familiar with and had been using the Bass Model of Holistic Reflection for the previous 3 years. Students at Flinders University were unfamiliar with the model and through the project were provided with guidance and resources on its use to guide their post-practicum reflection. Students’ written reflections completed before and after the introduction of the model at Flinders Uni...
Midwifery, 2021
BACKGROUND Continuity of Care Experiences are a mandated component of Australian midwifery progra... more BACKGROUND Continuity of Care Experiences are a mandated component of Australian midwifery programs leading to registration. Despite research evidence of the benefits of Continuity of Care Experiences for student learning and for women, there is limited evidence on the personal impact of this experience to students. Additionally, there is limited guidance on how to best support students to successfully complete this valuable component of their program. OBJECTIVE To identify the emotional, psychological, social and financial costs of undertaking the Continuity of Care Experience component of a midwifery program and to provide information which may lead to educational strategies within CoCE aimed to improve student support and alleviate challenges. DESIGN Using surveys and diary entries, a convergent parallel mixed methods approach was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data concurrently. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse financial cost, and clinical, travel and wa...
Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives, 2021
BACKGROUND High infant mortality remains a global health problem, particularly in less developed ... more BACKGROUND High infant mortality remains a global health problem, particularly in less developed countries. Indonesia has one of the highest infant mortality rates in Southeast Asia. Known factors relate to documented medical conditions and do not necessarily explain their origin. AIM To identify and explore factors that contribute to infant mortality in Papua, Indonesia, through the lens of health workers' perceptions. METHODS A qualitative descriptive approach using semi-structured interviews was used. Twelve Indonesian health workers participated. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, and then analysed thematically. FINDINGS Five main themes were generated: beliefs and practices related to pregnancy, birth, and infants; infant health factors; maternal health factors; barriers to seeking, receiving and providing infant health care; and enablers and strategies for improving infant health. DISCUSSION Cultural factors were perceived as contributing to poor health outcom...
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2021
Background Woman-centred care is recognised as a fundamental construct of midwifery practice yet ... more Background Woman-centred care is recognised as a fundamental construct of midwifery practice yet to date, there has been no validated tool available to measure it. This study aims to develop and test a self-report tool to measure woman-centred care in midwives. Methods A staged approach was used for tool development including deductive methods to generate items, testing content validity with a group of experts, and psychometrically testing the instrument with a sample drawn from the target audience. The draft 58 item tool was distributed in an online survey using professional networks in Australia and New Zealand. Testing included item analysis, principal components analysis with direct oblimin rotation and subscale analysis, and internal consistency reliability. Results In total, 319 surveys were returned. Analysis revealed five factors explaining 47.6% of variance. Items were reduced to 40. Internal consistency (.92) was high but varied across factors. Factors reflected the extent...
Women and Birth
BACKGROUND Restriction of food and fluids during labour increases women's discomfort, anxiety... more BACKGROUND Restriction of food and fluids during labour increases women's discomfort, anxiety and stress which are associated with obstruction of the normal process of labour. Whilst research evidence and clinical guidelines recommend that normal uncomplicated labouring women should not be limited in their oral intake during labour, some midwives continue to restrict or discourage women's oral intake. To promote best practice, it is important to understand the influencing factors which affect midwives' decision-making processes. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the influences that affect midwifery practice regarding oral food and fluid intake for low-risk labouring women. DESIGN An interpretive descriptive approach employed 12 semi-structured interviews with registered midwives with current labour and birthing experience in Australia. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. FINDINGS Three themes were identified: midwives' knowledge and beliefs; work environment and women's expectations of care. Midwives' practice was affected by their knowledge and values developed from professional and personal experiences of labour, their context of practice and work environment, the clinical guidelines, policies and obstetric control, and women's choice and comfort. CONCLUSION This study indicates that midwives' decision-making in relation to women's oral nutrition during labour is multifaceted and influenced by complicated environments, models of care, and power relations between doctors and midwives, more so than clinical guidelines. It is important for midwives to be aware of factors negatively influencing their decision-making processes to enable autonomy and empowerment in the provision of evidence-based care of labouring women.
Women and Birth
BACKGROUND The Australian Midwifery Standards Assessment Tool (AMSAT) was developed against the C... more BACKGROUND The Australian Midwifery Standards Assessment Tool (AMSAT) was developed against the Competency Standards for the Midwife in 2017 to enable consistent assessment of midwifery student performance in practice-based settings. The AMSAT requires revision and re-validation as the competency standards have now been superseded by the Midwife Standards for Practice 2018. OBJECTIVE This research revised and validated the AMSAT to assess performance of midwifery students against the Midwife Standards for Practice 2018 and assessed its sensitivity. DESIGN A mixed-methods approach was used in a two-phase process. Phase one involved the re-wording of the AMSAT and behavioural cue statements in an iterative participatory process with midwifery academics, assessors and students. The tool was field-tested in different assessment environments in phase two. Completed assessment forms were statistically analyzed, whilst assessor surveys were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. FINDINGS Analysis of AMSAT (n=255) indicates the tool as: internally reliable (Cronbach alpha>.9); valid (eigenvalue of 16.6 explaining 67% of variance); and sensitive (score analysis indicating increased levels of proficiency with progressive student experience). Analysis of surveys (n=108) found acceptance of the tool for the purpose of summative and formative assessment, and in the provision of feedback to midwifery students on their performance. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the re-developed AMSAT is a valid, reliable and acceptable tool to assess midwifery students' performance against the Australian Midwife Standards for Practice This user-friendly tool can be used to standardize midwifery student assessment in Australia and enable continued benchmarking across education programs.
Women and Birth
BACKGROUND Acupuncture during pregnancy and the perinatal period aims to increase normal birth an... more BACKGROUND Acupuncture during pregnancy and the perinatal period aims to increase normal birth and enhance a woman's birth experience by decreasing intervention and adverse birth outcomes. Acupuncture in Australian maternity services has not been well accepted, and there is limited research evidence as to whether women are supportive of acupuncture treatment. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to understand childbearing aged women's attitudes, beliefs and practices to using acupuncture during pregnancy and the perinatal period, and possible acceptance of a midwife providing acupuncture treatments. DESIGN A descriptive/explorative quantitative methodology was used to gather data from childbearing aged women using an online survey. Statistical analysis was used for quantitative data and content analysis for the free-text responses. Recruitment of respondents took place in 2017 via Facebook birth and parenting groups and pages. FINDINGS Of 304 respondents, 68% (n = 206) had used acupuncture, and of these, 68% (n = 140) used acupuncture for concerns during pregnancy and the perinatal period. The majority of respondents indicated they would consider acupuncture during pregnancy and the perinatal period (89%) and 62% indicated they would have a midwife provide a treatment. The free-text responses provided mostly positive comments on the outcomes and satisfaction of acupuncture treatments (84% n = 199). CONCLUSION The majority of respondents would consider acupuncture during pregnancy and the perinatal period, were positive to trying acupuncture for various concerns, and were positive towards a midwife providing treatments. These findings raise awareness of women's desire for the choice of an acupuncture treatment during pregnancy and the perinatal period.
Nurse Education Today
BACKGROUND Immersive virtual reality is an advancing technology that has the potential to change ... more BACKGROUND Immersive virtual reality is an advancing technology that has the potential to change the traditional pedagogical approaches to teaching tertiary nursing and midwifery students. The application of immersive virtual reality in nursing and midwifery education may be a novel, accessible method for information provision and skill acquisition, however little is known of the extent of immersive virtual reality technology integration into tertiary nursing and midwifery programs. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review is to identify the application and integration of immersive virtual reality within nursing and midwifery tertiary education programs. DESIGN A scoping review based on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was undertaken. An a priori review protocol and eligibility criterion was developed with the protocol subject to review a posteriori following first round screening. An electronic search of ten databases was conducted in January 2018. RESULTS A total of n = 506 non-duplicate records were identified and subjected to level one and level two screening. The search strategy and screening process identified n = 2 articles that were quality checked and included for review. CONCLUSIONS There is currently a paucity of quality published literature on the application and/or integration of immersive virtual reality into nursing and midwifery tertiary education. Immersive virtual reality has the potential to increase competence and confidence for students providing accessible and repeatable learning opportunities in a fail-safe environment. There is a need for educators to be involved in the conceptualisation, design, integration and research of immersive virtual reality technology into undergraduate nursing and midwifery programs.
Women and Birth
BACKGROUND Practice-based or clinical placements are highly valued for linking theory to practice... more BACKGROUND Practice-based or clinical placements are highly valued for linking theory to practice and enabling students to meet graduate outcomes and industry standards. Post-practicum, the period immediately following clinical experiences, is a time when students have an opportunity to share, compare and engage critically in considering how these experiences impact on their learning. Reflective practice has merit in facilitating this process. AIM This project aimed to optimise the learning potential of practice-based experiences by enhancing midwifery students' capacity for reflective practice through writing. METHODS Design-based research was used to implement an educational intervention aimed at developing reflective practice skills and enhance reflective writing. The Bass Model of Holistic Reflection was introduced to promote the development of reflective capacity in midwifery students. Academics and midwifery students were provided with guidance and resources on how to apply the model to guide reflective writing. Students' written reflections completed before (n=130) and after the introduction of the intervention (n=96) were evaluated using a scoring framework designed to assess sequential development of reflective capacity. FINDINGS The pre-intervention scores ranked poorly as evidence of reflective capacity. All scores improved post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of a holistic structured model of reflection resulted in improved scores across all five components of reflective writing; self-awareness, sources of knowledge, reflection and critical reflection, evidence informed practice and critical thinking. While further work is required the results show that the implementation process and use of the Bass Model enables students to demonstrate their capacity to reflect-on-practice through their writing.
Nurse education in practice, Jan 17, 2018
Clinical placement is a core feature of Australian midwifery education programs, with clinical su... more Clinical placement is a core feature of Australian midwifery education programs, with clinical supervision acknowledged as a key component for student success. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical facilitation models in South Australia, specifically the quality of clinical supervision to facilitate learning, and key stakeholder satisfaction. A mixed method evaluation research design was used to compare three models of clinical facilitation for midwifery students undertaking clinical placement across five venues. Midwifery students (n = 174), across two universities completed an anonymous e-survey utilising the validated Clinical Placement Experience Questionnaire. Midwives (n = 149) across five venues completed an anonymous purpose-designed questionnaire on their experience providing clinical supervision to midwifery students and Clinical Facilitators (n = 8) representing three facilitation models completed a self-report e-diary for two weeks and engaged in a focus gro...
Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives, Jan 9, 2016
Increasing global migration is resulting in a culturally diverse population in the receiving coun... more Increasing global migration is resulting in a culturally diverse population in the receiving countries. In Australia, it is estimated that at least four thousand Sub-Saharan African women give birth each year. To respond appropriately to the needs of these women, it is important to understand their experiences of maternity care. The study aimed to examine the maternity experiences of Sub-Saharan African women who had given birth in both Sub-Saharan Africa and in Australia. Using a qualitative approach, 14 semi-structured interviews with Sub-Saharan African women now living in Australia were conducted. Data was analysed using Braun and Clark's approach to thematic analysis. Four themes were identified; access to services including health education; birth environment and support; pain management; and perceptions of care. The participants experienced issues with access to maternity care whether they were located in Sub-Saharan Africa or Australia. The study draws on an existing con...
Nurse Education in Practice, 2016
Effective clinical supervision in midwifery programs leading to registration is essential to ensu... more Effective clinical supervision in midwifery programs leading to registration is essential to ensure that students can provide safe and competent woman centred care by the completion of their program. A number of different clinical supervision models exist in Australia and internationally, with varying levels of support and facilitation of student learning opportunities. In Australia, midwifery students must achieve specified learning outcomes and midwifery practice requirements to be eligible to register as a midwife. Identifying a best practice clinical supervision model for Australian midwifery students is therefore a priority for all key stakeholders, particularly education and maternity care providers. The aim of this literature review was to explore different types of clinical supervision models in order to develop and implement a best practice model in midwifery education programs.