Kristine Williams - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Kristine Williams

Understanding How We Can Make Commercial Driveways Safer: Exploratory Analysis through Case Studies

Phase 2 Multimodal Transportation Planning Applications Curriculum for Urban Planning

Planning, Zoning, & the Consistency Doctrine: The Florida Experience

Analysis of Median Use on Beijing Urban Roadways

Transportation Research Board 85th Annual MeetingTransportation Research Board, 2006

This paper describes how medians have been widely used in the design of China's urban roadway... more This paper describes how medians have been widely used in the design of China's urban roadways. Medians not only function as separators of bi-directional traffic, but also provide safe and efficient service for left turn and U-turn traffic maneuvers. In this study, median types and treatments in Beijing, China were explored in terms of their safety and operational effects. The objective of this paper was to assess problems surrounding the fence median, which is the prevailing median treatment on China's urban roadways, using Beijing as a case study. Data on median types were collected within the urban area of Beijing. U-turn-pedestrian conflicts and left turn saturation flow rate reductions due to the presence of U-turns were also investigated at four signalized intersections where a fence median was used. Potential improvement alternatives and suggestions have been proposed to address the reality of transportation and development in China, drawing upon successful applications of access management in the United States. It is our hope that access management programs will be initiated in China and that this study will help raise awareness among traffic engineers and planners of the benefits of median treatments and other access management techniques in the planning, design, and management of China's roadways.

Managing Corridor Development

Institute of Transportation Engineers 67th annual MeetingInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), 1997

The challenge of managing corridor development and preserving right-of-way for planned roadway fa... more The challenge of managing corridor development and preserving right-of-way for planned roadway facilities lies in the dynamic interaction between transportation and land use. The land use plan used to predict transportation needs inevitably changes as new highways stimulate real estate speculation, rezoning, and growth. At the same time, competing demands on the corridor may damage long term transportation and development objectives. New development may foreclose opportunities to expand or interconnect roads where needed. Buildings may be constructed too close to the roadway. Thoroughfare frontage may be subdivided into small lots or strip zoned for commercial development, with little attention to access control. Poorly coordinated access systems force more trips onto the arterial, traffic conflicts multiply, and congestion increases. Road improvements are needed sooner than expected, and the cycle begins again. Transportation and land use problems are interdependent and require coordinated solutions. One solution is better collaboration between the agencies involved in transportation and development planning. Another solution is to integrate corridor management into local development planning and regulation. This paper reviews techniques local governments can use to manage corridor development and recent legislative changes to Florida's corridor management program.

Land Development Regulations That Promote Access Management

NCHRP Synthesis of Highway Practice, 1996

This synthesis will be of interest to state and local transportation agency personnel responsible... more This synthesis will be of interest to state and local transportation agency personnel responsible for access management, as well as to traffic and highway design engineers, land use planners, zoning administrators, environmental specialists, and policymakers or legislators. It describes the various methods for improving traffic operations by managing the location, design, and operation of driveways, median openings, and street connections from business and residential land uses in urban areas. This report of the Transportation Research Board discusses state and local regulatory practice and policy related to subdivision regulations, lot split requirements, development review, access requirements, zoning, and other administrative and legal considerations. The specific regulatory techniques cited by local governments that are used to support access management are identified and discussed, including setback requirements, driveway spacing and operating characteristics, and land use techniques such as minimizing commercial strip development and promoting mixed-use zoning. The increasingly important role of comprehensive planning and intergovernmental cooperation in access management are highlighted. The role of remedial measures, including special exceptions and waivers, is discussed.

Economic Impact of Access Management

The concept of access management emerged gradually over the last 150 years. Its origins lie in th... more The concept of access management emerged gradually over the last 150 years. Its origins lie in the boulevards of the late nineteenth century and the parkways of the early twentieth century. These designs, building on the grand boulevards of Europe's major cities, provided a means of accommodating traffic growth in urban areas. Federal law of the early 1900s also recognized the sovereign power of state's to engage in access control along higher speed routes. In the years following WWII, the limited access highway became widespread and site access design concepts for major shopping centers were developed throughout the United States. During these years, several states and counties also introduced "expressways", which were, in effect, controlled access arterials. Some states, like New Jersey, built roads that prohibited left turns and provided grade separated cross roads, but still permitted frequent property access. Various planning guidelines and articles emphasized functional roadway classification and in 1962, the article "Operational Measures -Future" (ITE) was among the first publications to suggest controlled access arterials. In the 1980's, Colorado forged new ground by establishing the first systematic statewide access management policy. This was followed by statewide codes in Florida, New Jersey, and Oregon, and increased efforts in about a dozen states (usually falling short of comprehensive codes). Around this time, growth management laws were also advanced in several states, encouraging local governments to manage development and transportation in a more rational and sustainable way. In the last several decades, the concept of access management has gained broad acceptance. It has been the topic of expanded discussion in the AASHTO Green Book and a national TRB manual. Several national conferences, research projects, and papers have been completed. As the practice of access management continues to evolve, it is fostering greater understanding of land use and transportation interactions and placing access management at the center of an ongoing dialogue over good urban form and sustainable transportation.

Access Management: An Overview

Ite Journal-institute of Transportation Engineers, 2010

Access management encompasses much more than simply the control of driveways. Access management c... more Access management encompasses much more than simply the control of driveways. Access management can enhance safety, improve mobility, ease congestion and enrich the aesthetics of a community. This article explores the evolution of access management and where the practice is heading. Access management has gained in importance as a proliferation of driveways, street connections and traffic signals compromised the mobility and congestion reduction of arterial roadways. In the 1980s, states began enacting comprehensive access management programs for their state routes. These access management programs are characterized by four key elements: (1) classifying roadways into a logical hierarchy by function, (2) defining allowable access for each class of roadway; (3) applying appropriate geometric design and traffic engineering criteria to each access point; and (4) establishing policies and procedures to carry out and enforce the program. The practice of access management continues to evolve to meet contemporary needs, with the ultimate goal of a coordinated approach to transportation, land use and community design.

Commentary by Williams

Western Journal of Nursing Research, Feb 1, 2007

“Quality of Life of Older Adults in Canada and Brazil” study that identifies and compares factors... more “Quality of Life of Older Adults in Canada and Brazil” study that identifies and compares factors that adults’ perceived quality of life (QOL) in two countries determinates of QOL for older adults is essential for p who work with elders to promote health. As populations and as immigration contributes to cultural diversity in tivity to cultural differences in QOL is essential for esta nurse–client relationships, whether focusing on individ (Bonder, Martin, & Miracle, 2001; Messias, 2001). Maintaining and improving QOL is an important go partnerships. The authors provide a multidisciplinary r scholarship that attempts to define this construct, re Health Organization (WHO) conceptualization of QOL t physical health and the impact of illness, to encompass dimensions of QOL. WHO defines QOL within a con value systems in relation to goals, expectations, stand that are affected by physical health, psychological state dence, social relationships, and the environment. Stren include the clear representation of these concepts in the This holistic framework will become increasingly impo ulations become more diverse and nurses work to achiev social justice for all people (World Health Organization This aim of the study is to identify common determ older adults in Canada and Brazil, as well as specific dif nale for comparing these two population groups is not being populations of interest for the investigators. Addi information about cultural values, daily life, social and governmental and community support availability, a would enhance the reader’s understanding. The predominant findings include commonalities be of QOL for older adults from the two countries, wit reporting higher overall QOL, and higher ratings in phys and environmental domains. Although mean scores for sion were higher in the Brazilian sample, this finding 10.1177/0193945906292551

Roadway Access Management and Its Importance to the Transportation System of Developed and Developing Nations

Access management can be generally defined as the coordinated planning, regulation, and design of... more Access management can be generally defined as the coordinated planning, regulation, and design of access between roadways and adjacent land. The practice of access management has steadily evolved over the past century as an important element of the U.S. transportation policy. Since the 1980s, dramatic advances in access management have taken place along arterial roads, particularly in suburban settings. Colorado established the first statewide access management program in the U.S. (1980), followed by statewide codes or increased efforts in several other states. The American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets expanded its treatment of access management in 2001 and 2003, the first U.S. Access Management Manual was published by the Transportation Research Board. The documented safety and operational benefits of access management techniques have also led to policies in several other nations. These advancements continue to raise awareness of the need to manage traffic conflicts through functionally designed roadway networks with varying levels of access and mobility. This presentation explores the U.S. concept of access management, including recent developments, and addresses the importance of access management to the quality and safety of every nation's transportation system.

Highway Bill: Wins V. Losses

Article describing and explaining the main components of the new Transportation Act. Includes dis... more Article describing and explaining the main components of the new Transportation Act. Includes discussion of the following: Highway Program Authorization; the three components of the highway program (National Highway System, Surface Transportation Program, and a Bridge Program); Tax Uniformity; and Longer Combination Vehicles.

Effective local access management requires planning as well as regulatory solutions. Communities ... more Effective local access management requires planning as well as regulatory solutions. Communities should establish a policy framework that supports access management in the local comprehensive plan, prepare corridor or access management plans for specific problem areas, and encourage good site planning techniques. Land development and subdivision regulations should be amended accordingly and communities may also consider a separate access management ordinance. Access management programs should address commercial development along thoroughfares, as well as flag lots, residential strips, and other issues related to the division and subdivision of land. Comprehensive and subarea plans provide the rationale for access management programs and can serve as the legal basis for public policy decisions. Lot of Record -A lot or parcel that exists as shown or described on a plat or deed in the records of the Clerk of the Circuit Court. Lot Width -The horizontal distance between side lot lines measured parallel to the front lot line at the minimum required front setback line. -A Federal document adopted by the Florida Department of Transportation that provides standards for traffic control devices. Florida Administrative Rule 14-110 establishes the MUTCD to be Florida's Standard for traffic control devices. Minor Subdivision -A subdivision of land into not more than two (2) lots where there are no roadways, drainage, or other required improvements. Nonconforming Access Features -Features of the access system of a property that existed prior to the date of ordinance adoption and do not conform with the requirements of this code or requirements of the Administrative Rule 14-97 of the Florida Department of Transportation. Nonrestrictive Median -A median or painted centerline that does not provide a physical barrier between traffic traveling in opposite directions or turning left, including continuous center turn lanes and undivided roads. Outparcel -A parcel of land abutting and external to the larger, main parcel, which is under separate ownership and has roadway frontage.

New TRB Report: Access Management Manual: TRB Committee Documents the State of the Art

TR News, Sep 1, 2003

In the past few decades, substantial research has advanced the state of the practice of access ma... more In the past few decades, substantial research has advanced the state of the practice of access management, which involves the systematic control of the location, spacing, design, and operation of driveways, median openings, interchanges, and street connections, as well as median and auxiliary lane treatments and the spacing of traffic signals. This research, combined with new agency policies, plans, and programs, has provided insights into the impacts of access management techniques, has identified best practices, and has produced guidelines. The information, however, is dispersed across a variety of sources, making it difficult for practitioners to locate, evaluate, and apply. In 1996, the Transportation Research Board (TRB) Committee on Access Management initiated a project to compile the best information on the subject into a single, comprehensive resource documenting the state of the art. The "Access Management Manual," published by TRB in May 2003, is the culmination of this multiyear effort. The manual was prepared by the Center for Urban Transportation Research at the University of South Florida, with oversight and assistance from the committee and its subcommittees. The manual's contents are briefly reviewed in this article.

Land Development and Access Management Strategies for Florida Interchange Areas

Freeways are heavily-traveled thoroughfares that allow us to quickly get from here to there. Free... more Freeways are heavily-traveled thoroughfares that allow us to quickly get from here to there. Freeway interchange areas have become important points for providing necessities and conveniences that aid in travel comfort. Americans thrive on convenience, and yet unmanaged access to highway-oriented services causes inconvenience and disrupts the very purpose of an interchange, which is to move traffic between the freeway and arterial. Advanced planning and access management can reduce traffic conflicts and create a balance between access and mobility needs. This report reviews issues and problems in managing interchange area development and sets forth strategies, for both state and local agencies, to improve planning and management of interchange areas.

Access Management Manual

This publication provides guidance on a coordinated approach to transportation and community desi... more This publication provides guidance on a coordinated approach to transportation and community design that is designed to help enhance mobility, provide greater mode choice, and improve environmental quality. The content is interdisciplinary, with guidance pertinent to various levels of government as well as to pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorized vehicles—including trucks and buses. Access management is addressed comprehensively, as a critical part of network and land use planning. Key updates from the first edition include the following: specific guidance on network and circulation planning and modal considerations; a framework and strategies for application of access management in different contexts; performance measures for access management programs and projects, as well as methods of monitoring the performance of access management treatments; and additional details on corridor management planning, alternative funding strategies, and cooperative agreements. In addition, updates include additional guidance on program development, staffing, training, internal coordination, and functional area roles for state transportation agencies; and more methods for improving coordination and cooperation between state agencies, local jurisdictions, and private developers in access management, including sample cooperative agreements and outreach strategies. This edition also includes new chapters on network planning, regional access management policies and programs, interchange area access management, auxiliary lane warrants and design, and right-of-way and access control. Most chapters conclude with a brief section linking the information in the chapter to specific sections of a companion volume, the Access Management Application Guidelines (AMAG), which supplements the manual with additional information in support of the technical guidelines and design criteria and provides case examples and guidance. The AMAG is scheduled for publication in Fall 2015 and will be available separately.

Access Management at the Local and Regional Level

Metropolitan planning organizations, regional planning agencies, and local governments are advanc... more Metropolitan planning organizations, regional planning agencies, and local governments are advancing access management in a variety of ways. Metropolitan planning organizations are incorporating access management into their corridor plans, congestion management programs, and safety management systems. Corridor management and improvement plans have provided a forum through which MPOs have facilitated collaboration among the state and local agencies with jurisdiction over a corridor. Some MPOs are also providing technical assistance to local governments on development of access management plans and regulatory strategies. This presentation reviews a few examples of the diversity of local and regional approaches to access management.

Land Development Strategies for Improving Highway Access

Shop ASCE; MyASCE; Donate Now; Contact Us; About Civil Engineering; About ASCE. ASCE Join Now. Kn... more Shop ASCE; MyASCE; Donate Now; Contact Us; About Civil Engineering; About ASCE. ASCE Join Now. Knowledge & Learning: Books & Journals; CE Body of Knowledge; Certification; Codes & Standards; Conferences; Continuing ...