Kusum Jashnani - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Kusum Jashnani

Journal of Cytology, 2007

ObjectivesConvalescent plasma (CP) as a passive source of neutralizing antibodies and immunomodul... more ObjectivesConvalescent plasma (CP) as a passive source of neutralizing antibodies and immunomodulators is a century-old therapeutic option used for the management of viral diseases. We investigated its effectiveness for the treatment of COVID-19.DesignOpen-label, parallel-arm, phase II, multicentre, randomized controlled trial.SettingThirty-nine public and private hospitals across India.ParticipantsHospitalized, moderately ill confirmed COVID-19 patients (PaO2/FiO2: 200-300 or respiratory rate > 24/min and SpO2 ≤ 93% on room air).InterventionParticipants were randomized to either control (best standard of care (BSC)) or intervention (CP + BSC) arm. Two doses of 200 mL CP was transfused 24 hours apart in the intervention arm.Main Outcome MeasureComposite of progression to severe disease (PaO2/FiO2< 100) or all-cause mortality at 28 days post-enrolment.ResultsBetween 22nd April to 14th July 2020, 464 participants were enrolled; 235 and 229 in intervention and control arm, respec...

A rare case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix is reported during pregnancy in non DES ex... more A rare case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix is reported during pregnancy in non DES exposed women. Cervical carcinoma is the most common cancer encountered during pregnancy. The primary lesion was found at 15 weeks of pregnancy in a case of multigravida of 26 years of age with persistent complaint of bleeding per vaginum. A radical hysterectomy with foetus in situ was performed along with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Histopathology revealed stage IB Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma. Pregnancy provides an excellent opportunity for screening for cervical neoplasia and premalignant disease, especially for women who do not seek or have access to routine health care.

Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 2017

On persistent questioning, the patient gave a history of 3 months of exposure to a patient (her s... more On persistent questioning, the patient gave a history of 3 months of exposure to a patient (her sister) of pulmonary tuberculosis. Furthermore, on careful external examination, her neck revealed a necklace‐like tattoo done in childhood which was close to the site of FNAC [Figure 1a]. Thus, the cause of her enlarged lymph node was diagnosed as that due to TB and the pigment being tattoo pigment. The patient was eventually started on anti‐TB treatment. She responded very well to treatment and after 14 months of follow‐up, she is absolutely fine.

Tuberculous abscess (TA) of the brain is a very rare entity and is characterized by encapsulated ... more Tuberculous abscess (TA) of the brain is a very rare entity and is characterized by encapsulated collection of pus without evidence of classical granulomas. With the advent of AIDS, more cases are being diagnosed, but very few have been reported in immunocompete nt individuals. We present a case of TA occurring in a 27-year-old immunocompetent, HIV negative patient. At autopsy, the brain showed multiple encapsulated necrotic areas, 0.5 to 2 cm in diameter, which showed only caseous necrosis with total absence of granulomatous reaction. AFB stain showed plenty of tubercle bacilli and confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculous abscess. TA has to be differentiated from the more commonly occurring tuberculomas. Most cases of tuberculomas respond to multidrug therapy, while the definitive treatment in TA is surgical excision with a complete course of antitubercula r drug therapy.

Indian journal of pathology & microbiology, 2007

We report here a case of 40-year-old female admitted in view of bilateral ovarian tumors. There w... more We report here a case of 40-year-old female admitted in view of bilateral ovarian tumors. There was past history of modified radical mastectomy. CT scan revealed a uterine cervicalfibroid in addition to bilateral adnexal masses. Lobular carcinoma metastasis were seen in the leiomyoma as well as in the bilateral ovaries. Metastasis of ductal carcinoma to uterine leiomyoma have been reported in literature. The present case is unique in two ways--(1) metastasis of lobular carcinoma (2) occurring in a cervical leiomyoma.

Indian journal of pathology & microbiology, 2003

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type II B or the mucosal neuroma syndrome is an autosomal dominant h... more Multiple endocrine neoplasia type II B or the mucosal neuroma syndrome is an autosomal dominant hamartoneoplastic syndrome. This is a report of a 17 year old female who presented with mucosal neuromas at age 7 years and had surgical excision of the lesion. Ten years later (at age 17 years) she had further recurrence of mucosal neuromas which were again surgically excised. She has been thoroughly investigated & followed, however to date she has no evidence of thyroid carcinoma which is a major complication of this syndrome.

A 19 year old nulligravida presented with progressively increasing dysmenorrhoea. A pelvic mass w... more A 19 year old nulligravida presented with progressively increasing dysmenorrhoea. A pelvic mass was suspected which on exploratory laparotomy was found to be a rudimentary horn (haematometra, haematosalpinx and endometriosis). Unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary horn is susceptible to many gynaecologic and obstetric complications. Haematometra, Chronic pelvic pain, endometriosis, infertility are some of the complaints in women with unicornuate uterus.

Gestational trophoblastic tumors (GTTs) include choriocarcinoma, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor,... more Gestational trophoblastic tumors (GTTs) include choriocarcinoma, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor, and placental site trophoblastic tumor. The occurrence of mixed GTT is rare. We report such a case in a 24-year-old woman who presented with menorrhagia since 2 months and obstetric history of two abortions, one of which was a molar pregnancy. She was undergoing evaluation for carcinoma cervix and treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis from another hospital when she was admitted at our institute for further workup and treatment. However, she succumbed and an autopsy was performed. Histologic evaluation after the autopsy revealed uterine choriocarcinoma with metastatic epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) in the lung and spleen.

BACKGROUND The non-invasive technique of measuring carotid artery intima-media thickness has gene... more BACKGROUND The non-invasive technique of measuring carotid artery intima-media thickness has generated considerable interest as a marker of atherosclerosis, particularly in predicting clinical coronary events and coronary artery disease. In the present study, a postmortem comparative analysis of intima-media thickness of carotid artery with coronary artery atherosclerosis has been carried out. To date no such morphological tissue studies are available from our country. METHODS AND RESULTS Right and left common carotid arteries with their branches were removed at postmortem in 40 cases with history of diabetes, hypertension or both. Intima-media thickness was measured and compared with coronary artery atherosclerosis. There were 10 control postmortem cases without history of diabetes or hypertension. Common carotid artery and internal carotid artery intima-media thickness were found to be good predictors of coronary events. There was also significant correlation (by Pearson's cor...

Objectives: To determine if the use of limited tests over a battery of tests would suffice for di... more Objectives: To determine if the use of limited tests over a battery of tests would suffice for diagnosis to aid in financial savings. To determine in a population at their initial presentation whether a set of haematological and biochemical investigations enhance the diagnostic process over and above the information gained from clinical history and examination. Material and Methods: One hundred male patients admitted in general medicine ward of tertiary care hospital formed the study sample. Inclusion criterion was hospital stay of minimum four days. Data like clinical history, laboratory investigations with their repetitions etc were recorded. Results: CHG, LFT, RFT and serum electrolytes were carried out in 100% cases. Investigations for acute febrile illness (AFI) were done in 58% cases. Investigations were repeated less than or equal to 3 times in 100% AFI investigations, 93.5% for CHG, 89.29% for RFT, 87.93% for LFT. There was no change in clinical diagnosis. Secondary diagnosi...

Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology

Ovarian tumors are heterogeneous group of neoplasms with wide range of histopathological patterns... more Ovarian tumors are heterogeneous group of neoplasms with wide range of histopathological patterns. It is one of the leading causes of mortality in females. Often difficult to detect until they are advanced in stage or increased in size as symptoms are vague and insidious. Treatment and prognosis is based upon accurate surgical staging and thorough pathological evaluation. A total 150 cases were studied from June 2014 to May 2017. Their age, clinical presentation and histopathological findings were reviewed and analyzed. Out of 150 cases of ovarian tumors studied 119(79.3%) were benign, 9 (6.0%) borderline and 22 (14.6%) malignant. Age ranged from 9 to 80 years. The commonest presenting complaint in malignant and benign cases was pain in abdomen and in borderline cases abdominal distension. CA125, CEA and LDH were most commonly raised in 53.8%, 23% and 100% malignant cases respectively. Surface epithelial tumors were 68% followed by germ cell tumors 28% and sex cord stromal tumors 4%.

Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology

1. To correlate age and gravida; 2) To correlate gross and histopathological findings of heart; 3... more 1) To correlate age and gravida; 2) To correlate gross and histopathological findings of heart; 3) To evaluate postpartum complications and neonatal condition in maternal autopsies due to cardiac disease. This is 3 years retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017. Total 1895 autopsies were performed by pathology department in these 3 years, out of which 158 (10.76%) maternal mortality autopsies were performed. Of which 17 (8.33%) maternal mortality autopsies due to cardiac diseases in pregnancy. The gross specimen of heart and formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin were reviewed for histopathological examination.35.29% maternal mortality occurred due to chronic rheumatic heart disease. 29.40% maternal mortality occurred due to dilated cardiomyopathy. 23.52% maternal mortality occurred due to ventricular failure. 11.76% maternal mortality occurred due to myocarditis. Most common age group involve...

Journal of Laboratory Physicians

Background The uterus shows tremendous increase in size during pregnancy to nurture the fetus wit... more Background The uterus shows tremendous increase in size during pregnancy to nurture the fetus within it. It may show a spectrum of physiological changes or pathological lesions that may affect the pregnancy favorably or adversely. The main purpose of our study was to analyze the physiological changes in the uterus during pregnancy and the postpartum period, thereby gaining deeper knowledge. Materials and Methods We studied a total of 152 uterine specimens obtained from obstetric hysterectomies and maternal autopsies for the presence or absence of normal physiological changes. As a control group, an equal number of surgical uterine specimens received for abnormal uterine bleeding were studied. Results Decidual change was observed from 6 weeks of gestation to 16 days postpartum. It was partially deficient to absent in four cases of placenta accreta. Myometrial hypertrophy was seen in 150 cases (98.68%) from 8 weeks of gestation till 30 days postpartum period. Vascular remodeling was p...

IP Archives of Cytology and Histopathology Research

Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) are referred to a group of disorders in which at least two out... more Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) are referred to a group of disorders in which at least two out of gonadal sex, genetic sex, phenotypic sex and genital tract sex show discordance between them. Among the three main categories of DSD, 46XY DSD is a rarer type which we encountered in our case. A 14 year old female presented with abdominal pain and lump since 10 days. On clinical examination she had external sexual characters of a female. Karyotyping revealed a 46XY type. Intra-operatively, there was a normal uterus with a tumor mass in the location of the right gonad which was removed, along with a biopsy taken from the contralateral gonad, both intra-abdominal in location. Histopathologic examination of the tumor mass revealed a malignant mixed germ cell tumour (GCT) comprising of dysgerminoma and yolk sac tumour and the contralateral gonad was found to be testis, with evidence of intratubular germ cell neoplasm unclassified (IGCNU). Patient underwent 4 cycles of chemotherapy after the histopathologic diagnosis but was later lost to follow-up. The relative ambiguity of these disorders with their propensity to develop into type II GCTs makes these cases unique, perplexing and of utmost importance.

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Head and Neck Pathology

Giant cell tumour (GCT) is locally aggressive benign neoplasm of long bones whereas giant cell gr... more Giant cell tumour (GCT) is locally aggressive benign neoplasm of long bones whereas giant cell granulomas; central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG); are tumour-like conditions of the oral cavity. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the immunohistochemical expression of p63 in GCT, CGCG, PGCG and determine whether p63 can be used as a diagnostic, prognostic and differential biomarker between these entities. Histopathologically diagnosed 10 cases of GCT, 20 cases of CGCG and 20 cases of PGCG were subjected to p63 immunohistochemical staining. The percentage of p63-positive cells was semi-quantitatively assessed on the whole section. Intergroup comparison was done using Kruskal–Wallis test and one-way ANOVA. The value p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant and value p < 0.01 was considered to be statistically highly significant. p63 immunoexpression was seen in 100% (10/10) cases of GCT whereas CGCG and PGCG revealed the complete absence of p63 immunopositivity. These results showed a highly significant difference in p63 expression between GCT, CGCG and PGCG (p < 0.01). No difference was noted between CGCG and PGCG. GCT is a distinct entity when compared with CGCG and PGCG. Even aggressive CGCG also did not show p63 immunopositivity, so it is not a prognostic marker. Also, p63 cannot differentiate between CGCG and PGCG.

Acta Cytologica

Background: Infertility is an ever-increasing problem in today’s world. It can be due to male or ... more Background: Infertility is an ever-increasing problem in today’s world. It can be due to male or female causes. Azoospermia seen in 5–10% of infertile men is due to obstructive or non-obstructive causes. Traditionally, testicular biopsy is the gold standard for evaluation. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA), however, is minimally invasive, provides qualitative and quantitative information about spermatogenesis, and can aid in assisted reproductive techniques making it a novel technique for the evaluation of male infertility. Objective: We aimed to classify different causes of azoospermia into different patterns based upon FNA, and assess the utility of cell indices in classifying cases into different patterns. Method: We conducted a prospective and a retrospective study of 42 azoospermic males, confirmed on semen analysis, over a period of 5 years. Patients were subjected to FNA of the testes. Smears were prepared, air-dried, wet-fixed, and then stained with May-Grünwald Giemsa and Papani...

Journal of Cytology, 2007

ObjectivesConvalescent plasma (CP) as a passive source of neutralizing antibodies and immunomodul... more ObjectivesConvalescent plasma (CP) as a passive source of neutralizing antibodies and immunomodulators is a century-old therapeutic option used for the management of viral diseases. We investigated its effectiveness for the treatment of COVID-19.DesignOpen-label, parallel-arm, phase II, multicentre, randomized controlled trial.SettingThirty-nine public and private hospitals across India.ParticipantsHospitalized, moderately ill confirmed COVID-19 patients (PaO2/FiO2: 200-300 or respiratory rate > 24/min and SpO2 ≤ 93% on room air).InterventionParticipants were randomized to either control (best standard of care (BSC)) or intervention (CP + BSC) arm. Two doses of 200 mL CP was transfused 24 hours apart in the intervention arm.Main Outcome MeasureComposite of progression to severe disease (PaO2/FiO2< 100) or all-cause mortality at 28 days post-enrolment.ResultsBetween 22nd April to 14th July 2020, 464 participants were enrolled; 235 and 229 in intervention and control arm, respec...

A rare case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix is reported during pregnancy in non DES ex... more A rare case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix is reported during pregnancy in non DES exposed women. Cervical carcinoma is the most common cancer encountered during pregnancy. The primary lesion was found at 15 weeks of pregnancy in a case of multigravida of 26 years of age with persistent complaint of bleeding per vaginum. A radical hysterectomy with foetus in situ was performed along with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Histopathology revealed stage IB Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma. Pregnancy provides an excellent opportunity for screening for cervical neoplasia and premalignant disease, especially for women who do not seek or have access to routine health care.

Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 2017

On persistent questioning, the patient gave a history of 3 months of exposure to a patient (her s... more On persistent questioning, the patient gave a history of 3 months of exposure to a patient (her sister) of pulmonary tuberculosis. Furthermore, on careful external examination, her neck revealed a necklace‐like tattoo done in childhood which was close to the site of FNAC [Figure 1a]. Thus, the cause of her enlarged lymph node was diagnosed as that due to TB and the pigment being tattoo pigment. The patient was eventually started on anti‐TB treatment. She responded very well to treatment and after 14 months of follow‐up, she is absolutely fine.

Tuberculous abscess (TA) of the brain is a very rare entity and is characterized by encapsulated ... more Tuberculous abscess (TA) of the brain is a very rare entity and is characterized by encapsulated collection of pus without evidence of classical granulomas. With the advent of AIDS, more cases are being diagnosed, but very few have been reported in immunocompete nt individuals. We present a case of TA occurring in a 27-year-old immunocompetent, HIV negative patient. At autopsy, the brain showed multiple encapsulated necrotic areas, 0.5 to 2 cm in diameter, which showed only caseous necrosis with total absence of granulomatous reaction. AFB stain showed plenty of tubercle bacilli and confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculous abscess. TA has to be differentiated from the more commonly occurring tuberculomas. Most cases of tuberculomas respond to multidrug therapy, while the definitive treatment in TA is surgical excision with a complete course of antitubercula r drug therapy.

Indian journal of pathology & microbiology, 2007

We report here a case of 40-year-old female admitted in view of bilateral ovarian tumors. There w... more We report here a case of 40-year-old female admitted in view of bilateral ovarian tumors. There was past history of modified radical mastectomy. CT scan revealed a uterine cervicalfibroid in addition to bilateral adnexal masses. Lobular carcinoma metastasis were seen in the leiomyoma as well as in the bilateral ovaries. Metastasis of ductal carcinoma to uterine leiomyoma have been reported in literature. The present case is unique in two ways--(1) metastasis of lobular carcinoma (2) occurring in a cervical leiomyoma.

Indian journal of pathology & microbiology, 2003

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type II B or the mucosal neuroma syndrome is an autosomal dominant h... more Multiple endocrine neoplasia type II B or the mucosal neuroma syndrome is an autosomal dominant hamartoneoplastic syndrome. This is a report of a 17 year old female who presented with mucosal neuromas at age 7 years and had surgical excision of the lesion. Ten years later (at age 17 years) she had further recurrence of mucosal neuromas which were again surgically excised. She has been thoroughly investigated & followed, however to date she has no evidence of thyroid carcinoma which is a major complication of this syndrome.

A 19 year old nulligravida presented with progressively increasing dysmenorrhoea. A pelvic mass w... more A 19 year old nulligravida presented with progressively increasing dysmenorrhoea. A pelvic mass was suspected which on exploratory laparotomy was found to be a rudimentary horn (haematometra, haematosalpinx and endometriosis). Unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary horn is susceptible to many gynaecologic and obstetric complications. Haematometra, Chronic pelvic pain, endometriosis, infertility are some of the complaints in women with unicornuate uterus.

Gestational trophoblastic tumors (GTTs) include choriocarcinoma, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor,... more Gestational trophoblastic tumors (GTTs) include choriocarcinoma, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor, and placental site trophoblastic tumor. The occurrence of mixed GTT is rare. We report such a case in a 24-year-old woman who presented with menorrhagia since 2 months and obstetric history of two abortions, one of which was a molar pregnancy. She was undergoing evaluation for carcinoma cervix and treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis from another hospital when she was admitted at our institute for further workup and treatment. However, she succumbed and an autopsy was performed. Histologic evaluation after the autopsy revealed uterine choriocarcinoma with metastatic epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) in the lung and spleen.

BACKGROUND The non-invasive technique of measuring carotid artery intima-media thickness has gene... more BACKGROUND The non-invasive technique of measuring carotid artery intima-media thickness has generated considerable interest as a marker of atherosclerosis, particularly in predicting clinical coronary events and coronary artery disease. In the present study, a postmortem comparative analysis of intima-media thickness of carotid artery with coronary artery atherosclerosis has been carried out. To date no such morphological tissue studies are available from our country. METHODS AND RESULTS Right and left common carotid arteries with their branches were removed at postmortem in 40 cases with history of diabetes, hypertension or both. Intima-media thickness was measured and compared with coronary artery atherosclerosis. There were 10 control postmortem cases without history of diabetes or hypertension. Common carotid artery and internal carotid artery intima-media thickness were found to be good predictors of coronary events. There was also significant correlation (by Pearson's cor...

Objectives: To determine if the use of limited tests over a battery of tests would suffice for di... more Objectives: To determine if the use of limited tests over a battery of tests would suffice for diagnosis to aid in financial savings. To determine in a population at their initial presentation whether a set of haematological and biochemical investigations enhance the diagnostic process over and above the information gained from clinical history and examination. Material and Methods: One hundred male patients admitted in general medicine ward of tertiary care hospital formed the study sample. Inclusion criterion was hospital stay of minimum four days. Data like clinical history, laboratory investigations with their repetitions etc were recorded. Results: CHG, LFT, RFT and serum electrolytes were carried out in 100% cases. Investigations for acute febrile illness (AFI) were done in 58% cases. Investigations were repeated less than or equal to 3 times in 100% AFI investigations, 93.5% for CHG, 89.29% for RFT, 87.93% for LFT. There was no change in clinical diagnosis. Secondary diagnosi...

Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology

Ovarian tumors are heterogeneous group of neoplasms with wide range of histopathological patterns... more Ovarian tumors are heterogeneous group of neoplasms with wide range of histopathological patterns. It is one of the leading causes of mortality in females. Often difficult to detect until they are advanced in stage or increased in size as symptoms are vague and insidious. Treatment and prognosis is based upon accurate surgical staging and thorough pathological evaluation. A total 150 cases were studied from June 2014 to May 2017. Their age, clinical presentation and histopathological findings were reviewed and analyzed. Out of 150 cases of ovarian tumors studied 119(79.3%) were benign, 9 (6.0%) borderline and 22 (14.6%) malignant. Age ranged from 9 to 80 years. The commonest presenting complaint in malignant and benign cases was pain in abdomen and in borderline cases abdominal distension. CA125, CEA and LDH were most commonly raised in 53.8%, 23% and 100% malignant cases respectively. Surface epithelial tumors were 68% followed by germ cell tumors 28% and sex cord stromal tumors 4%.

Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology

1. To correlate age and gravida; 2) To correlate gross and histopathological findings of heart; 3... more 1) To correlate age and gravida; 2) To correlate gross and histopathological findings of heart; 3) To evaluate postpartum complications and neonatal condition in maternal autopsies due to cardiac disease. This is 3 years retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017. Total 1895 autopsies were performed by pathology department in these 3 years, out of which 158 (10.76%) maternal mortality autopsies were performed. Of which 17 (8.33%) maternal mortality autopsies due to cardiac diseases in pregnancy. The gross specimen of heart and formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin were reviewed for histopathological examination.35.29% maternal mortality occurred due to chronic rheumatic heart disease. 29.40% maternal mortality occurred due to dilated cardiomyopathy. 23.52% maternal mortality occurred due to ventricular failure. 11.76% maternal mortality occurred due to myocarditis. Most common age group involve...

Journal of Laboratory Physicians

Background The uterus shows tremendous increase in size during pregnancy to nurture the fetus wit... more Background The uterus shows tremendous increase in size during pregnancy to nurture the fetus within it. It may show a spectrum of physiological changes or pathological lesions that may affect the pregnancy favorably or adversely. The main purpose of our study was to analyze the physiological changes in the uterus during pregnancy and the postpartum period, thereby gaining deeper knowledge. Materials and Methods We studied a total of 152 uterine specimens obtained from obstetric hysterectomies and maternal autopsies for the presence or absence of normal physiological changes. As a control group, an equal number of surgical uterine specimens received for abnormal uterine bleeding were studied. Results Decidual change was observed from 6 weeks of gestation to 16 days postpartum. It was partially deficient to absent in four cases of placenta accreta. Myometrial hypertrophy was seen in 150 cases (98.68%) from 8 weeks of gestation till 30 days postpartum period. Vascular remodeling was p...

IP Archives of Cytology and Histopathology Research

Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) are referred to a group of disorders in which at least two out... more Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) are referred to a group of disorders in which at least two out of gonadal sex, genetic sex, phenotypic sex and genital tract sex show discordance between them. Among the three main categories of DSD, 46XY DSD is a rarer type which we encountered in our case. A 14 year old female presented with abdominal pain and lump since 10 days. On clinical examination she had external sexual characters of a female. Karyotyping revealed a 46XY type. Intra-operatively, there was a normal uterus with a tumor mass in the location of the right gonad which was removed, along with a biopsy taken from the contralateral gonad, both intra-abdominal in location. Histopathologic examination of the tumor mass revealed a malignant mixed germ cell tumour (GCT) comprising of dysgerminoma and yolk sac tumour and the contralateral gonad was found to be testis, with evidence of intratubular germ cell neoplasm unclassified (IGCNU). Patient underwent 4 cycles of chemotherapy after the histopathologic diagnosis but was later lost to follow-up. The relative ambiguity of these disorders with their propensity to develop into type II GCTs makes these cases unique, perplexing and of utmost importance.

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Head and Neck Pathology

Giant cell tumour (GCT) is locally aggressive benign neoplasm of long bones whereas giant cell gr... more Giant cell tumour (GCT) is locally aggressive benign neoplasm of long bones whereas giant cell granulomas; central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG); are tumour-like conditions of the oral cavity. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the immunohistochemical expression of p63 in GCT, CGCG, PGCG and determine whether p63 can be used as a diagnostic, prognostic and differential biomarker between these entities. Histopathologically diagnosed 10 cases of GCT, 20 cases of CGCG and 20 cases of PGCG were subjected to p63 immunohistochemical staining. The percentage of p63-positive cells was semi-quantitatively assessed on the whole section. Intergroup comparison was done using Kruskal–Wallis test and one-way ANOVA. The value p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant and value p < 0.01 was considered to be statistically highly significant. p63 immunoexpression was seen in 100% (10/10) cases of GCT whereas CGCG and PGCG revealed the complete absence of p63 immunopositivity. These results showed a highly significant difference in p63 expression between GCT, CGCG and PGCG (p < 0.01). No difference was noted between CGCG and PGCG. GCT is a distinct entity when compared with CGCG and PGCG. Even aggressive CGCG also did not show p63 immunopositivity, so it is not a prognostic marker. Also, p63 cannot differentiate between CGCG and PGCG.

Acta Cytologica

Background: Infertility is an ever-increasing problem in today’s world. It can be due to male or ... more Background: Infertility is an ever-increasing problem in today’s world. It can be due to male or female causes. Azoospermia seen in 5–10% of infertile men is due to obstructive or non-obstructive causes. Traditionally, testicular biopsy is the gold standard for evaluation. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA), however, is minimally invasive, provides qualitative and quantitative information about spermatogenesis, and can aid in assisted reproductive techniques making it a novel technique for the evaluation of male infertility. Objective: We aimed to classify different causes of azoospermia into different patterns based upon FNA, and assess the utility of cell indices in classifying cases into different patterns. Method: We conducted a prospective and a retrospective study of 42 azoospermic males, confirmed on semen analysis, over a period of 5 years. Patients were subjected to FNA of the testes. Smears were prepared, air-dried, wet-fixed, and then stained with May-Grünwald Giemsa and Papani...