Chuck Kwok - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Chuck Kwok
Journal of International Business Studies
Previous literature suggests that multinational firms decrease their systematic risk owing to the... more Previous literature suggests that multinational firms decrease their systematic risk owing to the diversification benefit of having cash flows in different countries. It is posited in this article that multinational firms may increase their systematic risk owing to an increase in the standard deviation of cash flows from internationalization, with offsets the lower correlation associated with diversification. Evidence of a significant positive relationship between the level of systematic risk in a firm and the degree of that firm's internationalization is presented. This analysis is consistent with observed practitioner usage of higher discount rates in evaluating international projects.© 1998 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (1998) 29, 263–279
Journal of Financial Research, 2000
We explore the effects of mainbanks on investment efficiency financial distress. The previous lit... more We explore the effects of mainbanks on investment efficiency financial distress. The previous literature argues that firms with close financial relationships with banks have lower costs of financial distress because of reduced underinvestment problem. Although benefits may accrue to such close relationships, we contend shortcomings are possible as well. A firm in financial distress without a mainbank may be forced to reduce investment or sell assets to a buyer who has a higher value. However, for a firm with a mainbank, this disciplinary force is weakened. To firms with poor investment opportunities the presence of mainbanks may actually induce an overinvestment problem. The empirical findings reported here are consistent with this idea.
Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 2009
Multinational Business Review, 2009
Abstract: Literature in international business and finance share the be-lief that country-level i... more Abstract: Literature in international business and finance share the be-lief that country-level institutions affect the decisions of corporations. In this study, we highlight the other side of the picture and propose that MNCs can moderate the impact of the national institutions of a ...
Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 2010
... 23, No. 1, 55-71. Mansi, SA, Reeb, DM, 2002. ... Company financing, capital structure, and ow... more ... 23, No. 1, 55-71. Mansi, SA, Reeb, DM, 2002. ... Company financing, capital structure, and ownership: A survey, and implications for developing economies, Centre for International, Financial and Economics Research, Loughborough University. Rajan, RG, Zingales, L., 1995. ...
Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting, 1991
Testing the existence of excess filter rule trading profits is one of the weak-form tests of mark... more Testing the existence of excess filter rule trading profits is one of the weak-form tests of market efficiency. Using intra-daily Deutsche marWU.S. dollar exchange rate data from February 1985 to August 1989, this study applies the x' statistic in Sweeney (1986) to examine whether significant excess filter rule profits exist. The results show that many combinations of in and out filters generate significant x' statistics. Among them, in and out filters around 0.05-0.1 % generally lead to the highest excess filter rule profit. Furthermore, the performance of the filters remains stable when the sample period is broken down into three equal subperiods. Such findings indicate that there may be inefficiency in the intra-daily Deutsche rnarWU.S. dollar market. An investor may earn excess profit in this market by applying the filter rule strategy.
Journal of International Business Studies, 1998
Page 1. Systematic Risk of the Multinational Corporation David M. Reeb* WPI AND AMERICAN UNIVERSI... more Page 1. Systematic Risk of the Multinational Corporation David M. Reeb* WPI AND AMERICAN UNIVERSITY Chuck CY Kwok** UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA H. Young Baek*** UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA Previous ...
Journal of International Business Studies, 2006
Most empirical research examines how the institutional environment of corruption shapes the behav... more Most empirical research examines how the institutional environment of corruption shapes the behavior of MNCs. In this study, we would like to highlight the other side of the picture: how the presence of MNC may shape the institutional environment of corruption over time. We propose three avenues through which the MNC may have an impact on its host institutions: the regulatory pressure effect, the demonstration effect, and the professionalization effect. Based on extensive data on FDI and corruption for a large sample of countries over the last 30 years, the empirical results are consistent with our general hypothesis that foreign direct investment generates positive spillover effects on the institutional environment of host countries. Such findings provide a glimmer of hope for the future of the host country where corruption is most prevalent.
Journal of International Business Studies, 2000
Corporate international diversification theory posits that multinational corporations (MNCs) shou... more Corporate international diversification theory posits that multinational corporations (MNCs) should have lower risk and higher financial leverage than purely domestic corporations (DCs). We suggest an alternative upstream-downstream hypothesis according to which the overall effect of internationalization on the risk and leverage of MNCs is expected to vary with home and target market conditions. The empirical results are consistent with the
Journal of International Business Studies, 2002
... CHUCK CY KWOK, JEFFREY S. ARPAN VOL. 33, NO. 3, THIRD QUARTER, 2002 575 Page 6. T ABLE 4 ... ... more ... CHUCK CY KWOK, JEFFREY S. ARPAN VOL. 33, NO. 3, THIRD QUARTER, 2002 575 Page 6. T ABLE 4 ... Some 27.2% required study abroad experience for students in some of their degree programs, and nearly 22.5% offered one or more of their de-grees in another country. ...
International Review of Economics & Finance, 2002
ABSTRACT This study is the first attempt at examining the effects of foreign exchange (FX) rate a... more ABSTRACT This study is the first attempt at examining the effects of foreign exchange (FX) rate and volatility on the corporate choice of foreign entry mode and shareholder wealth. For all worldwide US-related foreign direct investments (FDIs) announcements in 1995, we find evidence that, on average, a stronger home currency is related to a higher propensity to choose a subsidiary and that the change in shareholder wealth around subsidiary announcements is greater when the home currency is stronger for non-US parents. On the effects of host currency volatility, the data support the flexibility option (international diversification) hypothesis for the US (non-US) parents.
Global Finance Journal, 1993
Management International Review, Apr 1, 1995
... A correct forecast (ie one that predicts the true direction of exchange rate changes relative... more ... A correct forecast (ie one that predicts the true direction of exchange rate changes relative to the forward rate) may be more important than an accurate forecast in some currency hedging situations (Dufey and Mirus 1981, Bilson 1983, Levich 1983, and Kwok and Lubecke 1990 ...
... A MULTIVARIATE CO-INTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL DUALLY TRADED STOCKS Chuck CY Kwok, O... more ... A MULTIVARIATE CO-INTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL DUALLY TRADED STOCKS Chuck CY Kwok, Oliver Meng Rui, and Steven Shuye Wang1 ... 0.993 0.988 0.058 0.073 − 0.064 0.048 0.066 − 0.045 Wheelock & Co. 0.998 0.993 0.988 0.997 0.993 0.988 0.103 ...
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Journal of Business Ethics, 2015
ABSTRACT Recent research suggests that collectivism breeds corruption in bank lending. This findi... more ABSTRACT Recent research suggests that collectivism breeds corruption in bank lending. This finding, together with the stickiness of culture, poses a direct challenge to economic growth in collectivist societies. In this paper, we address this grim outlook by examining the types of firms that are susceptible to the detrimental effect of collectivism on lending integrity and the formal institutions that can help alleviate such effect. We find that the adverse effect of collectivism on bank corruption is more severe in small and medium-sized firms, privately owned firms, and non-exporting firms, while it is considerably weaker in countries with more effective private monitoring, a higher (lower) fraction of foreign-owned (government-owned) banks, a more competitive banking sector, better information sharing, and stronger legal and political institutions. Our findings are robust to using alternative measures of collectivism and alternative dependent variables. These results highlight how firm-level characteristics and formal institutions interact with collectivism in affecting firms’ access to bank credit.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
ABSTRACT In this paper, we contrast the universalist and cultural perspectives on “good” corporat... more ABSTRACT In this paper, we contrast the universalist and cultural perspectives on “good” corporate governance practices. Using a new database from Governance Metrics International featuring highly granular measures of corporate governance practices across a large number of countries for the period 2006-2011, we find that the national cultural dimension of individualism is positively associated with accountability and transparent disclosure, and with corporate behavior standards, and that uncertainty avoidance is negatively associated with accountability and transparent disclosure, and with minority shareholder protection. We further find that within countries, there is a largely positive association between firm-level “good” corporate governance practices and firm performance; however, across countries, the association is largely negative. We conclude that national culture matters in firms’ adoption of “good” corporate governance practices, and that the effect of these “good” corporate governance practices on firm performance depends on whether firms are compared within a country or across countries.
Abstract: Listed companies in China upon meeting certain requirements can issue two types of shar... more Abstract: Listed companies in China upon meeting certain requirements can issue two types of shares: A shares and B shares. Local investors in China can only buy and sell A shares, while foreign investors can only trade B shares. We argue that foreign investors may receive ...
Pacific-basin Finance Journal, 2001
This paper investigates the impact of salient political and economic news on the intraday trading... more This paper investigates the impact of salient political and economic news on the intraday trading activity, namely, the stock return volatility, the stock price volatility, the number of shares traded, and the trading frequency. Using transactions data on 33 constituent stocks of the Hang Seng Index in the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK), we find that political news has
Journal of International Business Studies
Previous literature suggests that multinational firms decrease their systematic risk owing to the... more Previous literature suggests that multinational firms decrease their systematic risk owing to the diversification benefit of having cash flows in different countries. It is posited in this article that multinational firms may increase their systematic risk owing to an increase in the standard deviation of cash flows from internationalization, with offsets the lower correlation associated with diversification. Evidence of a significant positive relationship between the level of systematic risk in a firm and the degree of that firm's internationalization is presented. This analysis is consistent with observed practitioner usage of higher discount rates in evaluating international projects.© 1998 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (1998) 29, 263–279
Journal of Financial Research, 2000
We explore the effects of mainbanks on investment efficiency financial distress. The previous lit... more We explore the effects of mainbanks on investment efficiency financial distress. The previous literature argues that firms with close financial relationships with banks have lower costs of financial distress because of reduced underinvestment problem. Although benefits may accrue to such close relationships, we contend shortcomings are possible as well. A firm in financial distress without a mainbank may be forced to reduce investment or sell assets to a buyer who has a higher value. However, for a firm with a mainbank, this disciplinary force is weakened. To firms with poor investment opportunities the presence of mainbanks may actually induce an overinvestment problem. The empirical findings reported here are consistent with this idea.
Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 2009
Multinational Business Review, 2009
Abstract: Literature in international business and finance share the be-lief that country-level i... more Abstract: Literature in international business and finance share the be-lief that country-level institutions affect the decisions of corporations. In this study, we highlight the other side of the picture and propose that MNCs can moderate the impact of the national institutions of a ...
Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 2010
... 23, No. 1, 55-71. Mansi, SA, Reeb, DM, 2002. ... Company financing, capital structure, and ow... more ... 23, No. 1, 55-71. Mansi, SA, Reeb, DM, 2002. ... Company financing, capital structure, and ownership: A survey, and implications for developing economies, Centre for International, Financial and Economics Research, Loughborough University. Rajan, RG, Zingales, L., 1995. ...
Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting, 1991
Testing the existence of excess filter rule trading profits is one of the weak-form tests of mark... more Testing the existence of excess filter rule trading profits is one of the weak-form tests of market efficiency. Using intra-daily Deutsche marWU.S. dollar exchange rate data from February 1985 to August 1989, this study applies the x' statistic in Sweeney (1986) to examine whether significant excess filter rule profits exist. The results show that many combinations of in and out filters generate significant x' statistics. Among them, in and out filters around 0.05-0.1 % generally lead to the highest excess filter rule profit. Furthermore, the performance of the filters remains stable when the sample period is broken down into three equal subperiods. Such findings indicate that there may be inefficiency in the intra-daily Deutsche rnarWU.S. dollar market. An investor may earn excess profit in this market by applying the filter rule strategy.
Journal of International Business Studies, 1998
Page 1. Systematic Risk of the Multinational Corporation David M. Reeb* WPI AND AMERICAN UNIVERSI... more Page 1. Systematic Risk of the Multinational Corporation David M. Reeb* WPI AND AMERICAN UNIVERSITY Chuck CY Kwok** UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA H. Young Baek*** UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA Previous ...
Journal of International Business Studies, 2006
Most empirical research examines how the institutional environment of corruption shapes the behav... more Most empirical research examines how the institutional environment of corruption shapes the behavior of MNCs. In this study, we would like to highlight the other side of the picture: how the presence of MNC may shape the institutional environment of corruption over time. We propose three avenues through which the MNC may have an impact on its host institutions: the regulatory pressure effect, the demonstration effect, and the professionalization effect. Based on extensive data on FDI and corruption for a large sample of countries over the last 30 years, the empirical results are consistent with our general hypothesis that foreign direct investment generates positive spillover effects on the institutional environment of host countries. Such findings provide a glimmer of hope for the future of the host country where corruption is most prevalent.
Journal of International Business Studies, 2000
Corporate international diversification theory posits that multinational corporations (MNCs) shou... more Corporate international diversification theory posits that multinational corporations (MNCs) should have lower risk and higher financial leverage than purely domestic corporations (DCs). We suggest an alternative upstream-downstream hypothesis according to which the overall effect of internationalization on the risk and leverage of MNCs is expected to vary with home and target market conditions. The empirical results are consistent with the
Journal of International Business Studies, 2002
... CHUCK CY KWOK, JEFFREY S. ARPAN VOL. 33, NO. 3, THIRD QUARTER, 2002 575 Page 6. T ABLE 4 ... ... more ... CHUCK CY KWOK, JEFFREY S. ARPAN VOL. 33, NO. 3, THIRD QUARTER, 2002 575 Page 6. T ABLE 4 ... Some 27.2% required study abroad experience for students in some of their degree programs, and nearly 22.5% offered one or more of their de-grees in another country. ...
International Review of Economics & Finance, 2002
ABSTRACT This study is the first attempt at examining the effects of foreign exchange (FX) rate a... more ABSTRACT This study is the first attempt at examining the effects of foreign exchange (FX) rate and volatility on the corporate choice of foreign entry mode and shareholder wealth. For all worldwide US-related foreign direct investments (FDIs) announcements in 1995, we find evidence that, on average, a stronger home currency is related to a higher propensity to choose a subsidiary and that the change in shareholder wealth around subsidiary announcements is greater when the home currency is stronger for non-US parents. On the effects of host currency volatility, the data support the flexibility option (international diversification) hypothesis for the US (non-US) parents.
Global Finance Journal, 1993
Management International Review, Apr 1, 1995
... A correct forecast (ie one that predicts the true direction of exchange rate changes relative... more ... A correct forecast (ie one that predicts the true direction of exchange rate changes relative to the forward rate) may be more important than an accurate forecast in some currency hedging situations (Dufey and Mirus 1981, Bilson 1983, Levich 1983, and Kwok and Lubecke 1990 ...
... A MULTIVARIATE CO-INTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL DUALLY TRADED STOCKS Chuck CY Kwok, O... more ... A MULTIVARIATE CO-INTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL DUALLY TRADED STOCKS Chuck CY Kwok, Oliver Meng Rui, and Steven Shuye Wang1 ... 0.993 0.988 0.058 0.073 − 0.064 0.048 0.066 − 0.045 Wheelock & Co. 0.998 0.993 0.988 0.997 0.993 0.988 0.103 ...
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Journal of Business Ethics, 2015
ABSTRACT Recent research suggests that collectivism breeds corruption in bank lending. This findi... more ABSTRACT Recent research suggests that collectivism breeds corruption in bank lending. This finding, together with the stickiness of culture, poses a direct challenge to economic growth in collectivist societies. In this paper, we address this grim outlook by examining the types of firms that are susceptible to the detrimental effect of collectivism on lending integrity and the formal institutions that can help alleviate such effect. We find that the adverse effect of collectivism on bank corruption is more severe in small and medium-sized firms, privately owned firms, and non-exporting firms, while it is considerably weaker in countries with more effective private monitoring, a higher (lower) fraction of foreign-owned (government-owned) banks, a more competitive banking sector, better information sharing, and stronger legal and political institutions. Our findings are robust to using alternative measures of collectivism and alternative dependent variables. These results highlight how firm-level characteristics and formal institutions interact with collectivism in affecting firms’ access to bank credit.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
ABSTRACT In this paper, we contrast the universalist and cultural perspectives on “good” corporat... more ABSTRACT In this paper, we contrast the universalist and cultural perspectives on “good” corporate governance practices. Using a new database from Governance Metrics International featuring highly granular measures of corporate governance practices across a large number of countries for the period 2006-2011, we find that the national cultural dimension of individualism is positively associated with accountability and transparent disclosure, and with corporate behavior standards, and that uncertainty avoidance is negatively associated with accountability and transparent disclosure, and with minority shareholder protection. We further find that within countries, there is a largely positive association between firm-level “good” corporate governance practices and firm performance; however, across countries, the association is largely negative. We conclude that national culture matters in firms’ adoption of “good” corporate governance practices, and that the effect of these “good” corporate governance practices on firm performance depends on whether firms are compared within a country or across countries.
Abstract: Listed companies in China upon meeting certain requirements can issue two types of shar... more Abstract: Listed companies in China upon meeting certain requirements can issue two types of shares: A shares and B shares. Local investors in China can only buy and sell A shares, while foreign investors can only trade B shares. We argue that foreign investors may receive ...
Pacific-basin Finance Journal, 2001
This paper investigates the impact of salient political and economic news on the intraday trading... more This paper investigates the impact of salient political and economic news on the intraday trading activity, namely, the stock return volatility, the stock price volatility, the number of shares traded, and the trading frequency. Using transactions data on 33 constituent stocks of the Hang Seng Index in the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK), we find that political news has