Kyle Gorman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Kyle Gorman

Research paper thumbnail of When Nobody Wins

Competition in Inflection and Word-Formation

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Research paper thumbnail of Categorical and gradient aspects of wordlikeness

Gradient wordlikeness judgements do not necessarily imply that there is a gradient wellformedness... more Gradient wordlikeness judgements do not necessarily imply that there is a gradient wellformedness system underlying them; gradient judgements may be an artifact of gradient rating tasks. Dubious architectural assumptions are needed for speakers to report gradient well-formedness judgements. Simple baselines beer account for gradient well-formedness judgements than state-of-the-art computational models of gradient phonotactic knowledge.

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Research paper thumbnail of The Consequences of Multicollinearity among Socioeconomic Predictors of Negative Concord in Philadelphia

This study is a reanalysis of the external predictors of the use of negative concord in Philadelp... more This study is a reanalysis of the external predictors of the use of negative concord in Philadelphia, using archival data from the Language Change and Variation survey. It is shown that the interpretation of the effects of the various socioeconomic measures reported by Labov (2001) was biased by their multicollinearity and by per-subject differences. A new mixed-effects model with residualized socioeconomic predictors and a per-subject random intercept shows the predictive role of all four socioeconomic measures, and the per-subject estimates are used to identify the nascent leaders of linguistic change.

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Research paper thumbnail of Massively Multilingual Pronunciation Modeling with WikiPron

We introduce WikiPron, an open-source command-line tool for extracting pronunciation data from Wi... more We introduce WikiPron, an open-source command-line tool for extracting pronunciation data from Wiktionary, a collaborative multilingual online dictionary. We first describe the design and use of WikiPron. We then discuss the challenges faced scaling this tool to create an automatically-generated database of 1.7 million pronunciations from 165 languages. Finally, we validate the pronunciation database by using it to train and evaluating a collection of generic grapheme-to-phoneme models. The software, pronunciation data, and models are all made available under permissive open-source licenses.

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Research paper thumbnail of U.S. DOT National EMS Advisory Council Meeting Crystal City Marriott Hotel Arlington, VA October 2-3, 2008 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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Research paper thumbnail of 2 . 1 What some linguistic intuitions might not be

Gradientwordlikeness judgements do not necessarily imply that a gradientwell-formedness system un... more Gradientwordlikeness judgements do not necessarily imply that a gradientwell-formedness system underlies them; gradient judgements may be an artifact of gradient rating tasks. Dubious architectural assumptions are needed for speakers to report gradient well-formedness judgements. Simple baselines beer account for gradient well-formedness judgements than state-of-the-art computational models of gradient phonotactic knowledge.

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Research paper thumbnail of Penn Working Papers in Linguistics: Selected Papers from NWAV 37

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Research paper thumbnail of Is the Best Better? Bayesian Statistical Model Comparison for Natural Language Processing

Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)

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Research paper thumbnail of The SIGMORPHON 2020 Shared Task on Multilingual Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion

Proceedings of the 17th SIGMORPHON Workshop on Computational Research in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology

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Research paper thumbnail of Weird Inflects but OK: Making Sense of Morphological Generation Errors

Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL)

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Research paper thumbnail of What Kind of Language Is Hard to Language-Model?

Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics

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Research paper thumbnail of Dexmedetomidine during total knee arthroplasty performed under spinal anesthesia decreases opioid use: a randomized-controlled trial

Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, Jan 29, 2016

It remains unclear whether the opioid-sparing effects of dexmedetomidine seen in patients undergo... more It remains unclear whether the opioid-sparing effects of dexmedetomidine seen in patients undergoing general anesthesia are reproducible in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. We hypothesized that the administration of intravenous dexmedetomidine for sedation during total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia would decrease postoperative morphine consumption in the first 24 hr following surgery. We conducted this prospective double-blind randomized-controlled trial in 40 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III) undergoing total knee arthroplasty with a standardized spinal anesthetic. Patients were randomized to receive either a dexmedetomidine loading dose of 0.5 µg·kg(-1) over ten minutes, followed by an infusion of 0.5 µg·kg·hr(-1) for the duration of the surgery, or a normal saline loading dose and an infusion of an equivalent volume. The primary outcome was the consumption of morphine delivered via patient-controlled analgesia in the first 24...

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Research paper thumbnail of Memory in language-impaired children with and without autism

Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2015

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Research paper thumbnail of Post-Discharge Outcomes After Resuscitation from Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A ROC PRIMED SUBSTUDY

Resuscitation, 2015

Assessment of morbidity is an important component of evaluating interventions for patients with o... more Assessment of morbidity is an important component of evaluating interventions for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We evaluated among survivors of OHCA cognition, functional status, health-related quality of life and depression as functions of patient and emergency medical services (EMS) factors. Prospective cohort sub-study of a randomized trial. The parent trial studied two comparisons in persons with non-traumatic OHCA treated by EMS personnel participating in the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium. Consenting survivors to discharge. Telephone assessments up to 6 months after discharge included neurologic function (modified Rankin score, MRS), cognitive impairment (Adult Lifestyle and Function Mini Mental Status Examination, ALFI-MMSE), health-related quality of life (Health Utilities Index Mark 3, HUI3) and depression (Telephone Geriatric Depression Scale, T-GDS). Of 15,794 patients enrolled in the parent trial, 729 (56% of survivors) consented. About 644 respondents (88% of consented) completed≥1 assessment. Likelihood of assessment was associated with baseline characteristics and study site. Most respondents had MRS≤3 (82.7%), no cognitive impairment (82.7% ALFI-MMSE≥17), no severe impairment in health (71.6%, HUI3≥0.7) and no depression (90.1% T-GDS≤10). Outcomes did not differ by trial intervention or time from hospital discharge. The majority of patients in this large cohort who survived cardiac arrest and were interviewed had no, mild or moderate health impairment. Concern about poor quality of life is not a valid reason to abandon efforts to improve an EMS system's response to cardiac arrest.

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Research paper thumbnail of Structural and accidental phonotactic gaps

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Research paper thumbnail of Generative phonotactics

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Research paper thumbnail of Toward Lexical Access Mechanisms for Regular and Irregular Forms

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Research paper thumbnail of Children’s Differing Patterns of Discourse Marker Use in ASD and Typical Development

ABSTRACT Appropriate use of discourse markers (DMs) such as 'and', 'ok&am... more ABSTRACT Appropriate use of discourse markers (DMs) such as 'and', 'ok', or 'wait', is important for conversational reciprocity. Based on deficits in social communication and interaction being core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we hypothesize atypical use of conversational DMs in ASD. Plausibly because of the effort of annotating conversations, few studies have tested this hypothesis. However, new computational text analysis tools exist that may be adapted for quantitative characterization of DM use in ASD. 2 Objectives (1) To develop text analysis tools for detecting DMs and for determining whether the examiner asked a question and, if so, whether it is a yes/no (YN) or a WH (e.g., 'who', 'where') question. (2) To apply these tools to transcripts of ADOS conversations involving children with ASD or typical development (TD).

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Research paper thumbnail of PCN137 Comprehensive Review of Management Efficiency Strategies Among Oncology Practices: Existing Evidence and Opportunities for Future Research

Value in Health, 2011

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Research paper thumbnail of Are types of filled pause discrete classes?

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2007

Clark and Fox Tree hypothesize that filled pauses ''uh'' and ''um&#... more Clark and Fox Tree hypothesize that filled pauses ''uh'' and ''um'' in English serve the discourse function of alerting the interlocutor of production difficulties. They demonstrate that the mean duration of pause immediately after ''um'' is significantly longer than after ''uh.'' This ...

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Research paper thumbnail of When Nobody Wins

Competition in Inflection and Word-Formation

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Research paper thumbnail of Categorical and gradient aspects of wordlikeness

Gradient wordlikeness judgements do not necessarily imply that there is a gradient wellformedness... more Gradient wordlikeness judgements do not necessarily imply that there is a gradient wellformedness system underlying them; gradient judgements may be an artifact of gradient rating tasks. Dubious architectural assumptions are needed for speakers to report gradient well-formedness judgements. Simple baselines beer account for gradient well-formedness judgements than state-of-the-art computational models of gradient phonotactic knowledge.

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Research paper thumbnail of The Consequences of Multicollinearity among Socioeconomic Predictors of Negative Concord in Philadelphia

This study is a reanalysis of the external predictors of the use of negative concord in Philadelp... more This study is a reanalysis of the external predictors of the use of negative concord in Philadelphia, using archival data from the Language Change and Variation survey. It is shown that the interpretation of the effects of the various socioeconomic measures reported by Labov (2001) was biased by their multicollinearity and by per-subject differences. A new mixed-effects model with residualized socioeconomic predictors and a per-subject random intercept shows the predictive role of all four socioeconomic measures, and the per-subject estimates are used to identify the nascent leaders of linguistic change.

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Research paper thumbnail of Massively Multilingual Pronunciation Modeling with WikiPron

We introduce WikiPron, an open-source command-line tool for extracting pronunciation data from Wi... more We introduce WikiPron, an open-source command-line tool for extracting pronunciation data from Wiktionary, a collaborative multilingual online dictionary. We first describe the design and use of WikiPron. We then discuss the challenges faced scaling this tool to create an automatically-generated database of 1.7 million pronunciations from 165 languages. Finally, we validate the pronunciation database by using it to train and evaluating a collection of generic grapheme-to-phoneme models. The software, pronunciation data, and models are all made available under permissive open-source licenses.

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Research paper thumbnail of U.S. DOT National EMS Advisory Council Meeting Crystal City Marriott Hotel Arlington, VA October 2-3, 2008 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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Research paper thumbnail of 2 . 1 What some linguistic intuitions might not be

Gradientwordlikeness judgements do not necessarily imply that a gradientwell-formedness system un... more Gradientwordlikeness judgements do not necessarily imply that a gradientwell-formedness system underlies them; gradient judgements may be an artifact of gradient rating tasks. Dubious architectural assumptions are needed for speakers to report gradient well-formedness judgements. Simple baselines beer account for gradient well-formedness judgements than state-of-the-art computational models of gradient phonotactic knowledge.

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Research paper thumbnail of Penn Working Papers in Linguistics: Selected Papers from NWAV 37

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Research paper thumbnail of Is the Best Better? Bayesian Statistical Model Comparison for Natural Language Processing

Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)

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Research paper thumbnail of The SIGMORPHON 2020 Shared Task on Multilingual Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion

Proceedings of the 17th SIGMORPHON Workshop on Computational Research in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology

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Research paper thumbnail of Weird Inflects but OK: Making Sense of Morphological Generation Errors

Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL)

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Research paper thumbnail of What Kind of Language Is Hard to Language-Model?

Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics

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Research paper thumbnail of Dexmedetomidine during total knee arthroplasty performed under spinal anesthesia decreases opioid use: a randomized-controlled trial

Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, Jan 29, 2016

It remains unclear whether the opioid-sparing effects of dexmedetomidine seen in patients undergo... more It remains unclear whether the opioid-sparing effects of dexmedetomidine seen in patients undergoing general anesthesia are reproducible in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. We hypothesized that the administration of intravenous dexmedetomidine for sedation during total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia would decrease postoperative morphine consumption in the first 24 hr following surgery. We conducted this prospective double-blind randomized-controlled trial in 40 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III) undergoing total knee arthroplasty with a standardized spinal anesthetic. Patients were randomized to receive either a dexmedetomidine loading dose of 0.5 µg·kg(-1) over ten minutes, followed by an infusion of 0.5 µg·kg·hr(-1) for the duration of the surgery, or a normal saline loading dose and an infusion of an equivalent volume. The primary outcome was the consumption of morphine delivered via patient-controlled analgesia in the first 24...

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Research paper thumbnail of Memory in language-impaired children with and without autism

Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2015

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Research paper thumbnail of Post-Discharge Outcomes After Resuscitation from Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A ROC PRIMED SUBSTUDY

Resuscitation, 2015

Assessment of morbidity is an important component of evaluating interventions for patients with o... more Assessment of morbidity is an important component of evaluating interventions for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We evaluated among survivors of OHCA cognition, functional status, health-related quality of life and depression as functions of patient and emergency medical services (EMS) factors. Prospective cohort sub-study of a randomized trial. The parent trial studied two comparisons in persons with non-traumatic OHCA treated by EMS personnel participating in the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium. Consenting survivors to discharge. Telephone assessments up to 6 months after discharge included neurologic function (modified Rankin score, MRS), cognitive impairment (Adult Lifestyle and Function Mini Mental Status Examination, ALFI-MMSE), health-related quality of life (Health Utilities Index Mark 3, HUI3) and depression (Telephone Geriatric Depression Scale, T-GDS). Of 15,794 patients enrolled in the parent trial, 729 (56% of survivors) consented. About 644 respondents (88% of consented) completed≥1 assessment. Likelihood of assessment was associated with baseline characteristics and study site. Most respondents had MRS≤3 (82.7%), no cognitive impairment (82.7% ALFI-MMSE≥17), no severe impairment in health (71.6%, HUI3≥0.7) and no depression (90.1% T-GDS≤10). Outcomes did not differ by trial intervention or time from hospital discharge. The majority of patients in this large cohort who survived cardiac arrest and were interviewed had no, mild or moderate health impairment. Concern about poor quality of life is not a valid reason to abandon efforts to improve an EMS system's response to cardiac arrest.

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Research paper thumbnail of Structural and accidental phonotactic gaps

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Research paper thumbnail of Generative phonotactics

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Toward Lexical Access Mechanisms for Regular and Irregular Forms

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Children’s Differing Patterns of Discourse Marker Use in ASD and Typical Development

ABSTRACT Appropriate use of discourse markers (DMs) such as 'and', 'ok&am... more ABSTRACT Appropriate use of discourse markers (DMs) such as 'and', 'ok', or 'wait', is important for conversational reciprocity. Based on deficits in social communication and interaction being core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we hypothesize atypical use of conversational DMs in ASD. Plausibly because of the effort of annotating conversations, few studies have tested this hypothesis. However, new computational text analysis tools exist that may be adapted for quantitative characterization of DM use in ASD. 2 Objectives (1) To develop text analysis tools for detecting DMs and for determining whether the examiner asked a question and, if so, whether it is a yes/no (YN) or a WH (e.g., 'who', 'where') question. (2) To apply these tools to transcripts of ADOS conversations involving children with ASD or typical development (TD).

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Research paper thumbnail of PCN137 Comprehensive Review of Management Efficiency Strategies Among Oncology Practices: Existing Evidence and Opportunities for Future Research

Value in Health, 2011

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Research paper thumbnail of Are types of filled pause discrete classes?

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2007

Clark and Fox Tree hypothesize that filled pauses ''uh'' and ''um&#... more Clark and Fox Tree hypothesize that filled pauses ''uh'' and ''um'' in English serve the discourse function of alerting the interlocutor of production difficulties. They demonstrate that the mean duration of pause immediately after ''um'' is significantly longer than after ''uh.'' This ...

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