Laure Cabantous - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Laure Cabantous

Économie et Psychologie

Économie et cognition

« Les entreprises prennent des décisions (ir)rationnelles »

Cahiers libres

« Le concept de rationalite donne les limites dans lesquelles l’action organisationnelle doit pre... more « Le concept de rationalite donne les limites dans lesquelles l’action organisationnelle doit prendre place [1] . »« L’irrationalite est une caracteristique fondamentale du comportement organisationnel. La prise de decision organisationnelle est irrationnelle [2] . »

Document de Travail n°2010-50 Transport, health and climate change: Deciding on the optimal policy

This paper reports the results of the first experiment in the United States designed to distingui... more This paper reports the results of the first experiment in the United States designed to distinguish between two sources of ambiguity: imprecise ambiguity (expert groups agree on a range of probability, but not on any point estimate) versus conflict ambiguity (each expert group provides a precise probability estimate which differs from one group to another). The specific context is whether risk professionals (here, insurers) behave differently under risk (when probability is well-specified) and different types of ambiguity in pricing catastrophic risks (floods and hurricanes) and non-catastrophic risks (house fires). The data show that insurers charge higher premiums when faced with ambiguity than when the probability of a loss is well specified (risk). Furthermore, they tend to charge more for conflict ambiguity than imprecise ambiguity for flood and hurricane hazards, but less in the case of fire. The source of ambiguity also impacts causal inferences insurers make to reduce their ...

14. La performativité et le management stratégique

Les grands courants en management stratégique, 2019

Changing Competitive Dynamics in the Reinsurance Industry: Implications of Changes in Buyer Behavior for Reinsurance Executives

Banking & Insurance eJournal, 2014

This paper explores how reinsurers can meet the rapid changes occurring in their industry, arisin... more This paper explores how reinsurers can meet the rapid changes occurring in their industry, arising from primary industry consolidation, and changes in cedent (insurance firm) buyer behavior toward bundled reinsurance products and alternative sources of capital. The paper makes the following suggestions for reinsurers. Reinsures need to be proactive in responding to changing patterns of premium volume and develop partnerships with global clients. Smaller reinsurers, in particular, will need to look to develop competitive niches and joint-ventures in order to be significant to these large cedents. Furthermore, reinsures need to continue investing in analytical expertise and resources in order to address the complex needs of their clients. Finally, reinsurers will be increasingly required to engage in alternative risk transfer products, and there will be early-mover advantages in doing so meaningfully

The Dynamics of Performativity: A Process Perspective on the Academic-Practitioners Gap

Ambiguity and conflict aversion in the field of insurance: insurers’ attitude to imprecise probabilities

Information ambiguity and conflict are prevalent in insurance decision because experts may not ag... more Information ambiguity and conflict are prevalent in insurance decision because experts may not agree on the probability of the risk. This research investigates insurance decision under either ambiguous and consensual or ambiguous and conflicting information about the probability of the risk. Seventy-eight professional insurers completed a questionnaire that contained two scenario: ”Pollution” and ”Earthquake”. The insurer is asked the premium he would charge to cover the risk in three situations: a risk with a precise probability, a risk with an ambiguous and consensual ambiguity and a risk with an ambiguous and conflicting ambiguity. First, the questionnaire provided evidence for ambiguity aversion but no comparative effect was found. Second, the effect of conflicting evidences was also contemplated. From a statistical point of view, conflicting information is not dispreferred to ambiguous and agreeing messages. However, many insurers mentionned disagreement as a source of greater ...

The behavioral strategy literature investigates how decision makers might use Small World Represe... more The behavioral strategy literature investigates how decision makers might use Small World Representations (SWRs) to guide their actions in situations of extreme uncertainty, but says little about how such representations should be updated during the implementation phase. In this paper, we provide a framework to capture the relationship between SWRs, unknowns and Black Swans, and, drawing on the psychology of reasoning literature, explore different heuristic methods of inquiry that decision makers might use to update their SWRs. We compare the performance of two such methods⎯disconfirmation and counterfactual reasoning⎯in highly uncertain situations characterized by ambiguous and non-definite information. We find that counterfactual reasoning is superior to disconfirmation with respect to (1) counteracting the confirmation bias, (2) promoting the exploration of the scenario space, and (3) favoring the adoption of actions able to mitigate or exploit the consequences of Black Swans.

Digital technology has become an important part of organizations due to the global spread of the ... more Digital technology has become an important part of organizations due to the global spread of the internet and the increase in the number of smart devices, offering multiple benefits to users. The need for adapting to current requirements, has led to emergence of a new technology, cloud computing, developed for modern people needs, addicted to information and on the run. Information security is one of the main challenges for cloud developers, data loss causing damage in various fields and this is one of the reasons why some organizations do not adopt cloud migration. This paper analyzes the security of cloud computer technology, as well as the issues to ensure the security of the data in the cloud, according to the current technological methods and the specific architecture. The final part of the paper proposes a customized method for data security according to their importance to a particular organization, using current security methods.

From Ambiguity Aversion to Attitudes towards Ambiguity

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the contribution that taking a psychological perspective c... more The aim of this paper is to illustrate the contribution that taking a psychological perspective can bring to the study of decision-making in economics. The article pursues the idea that it can be useful to combine a psychological analysis of judgment and decision-making with an economic analysis of choice (traditionally focused on outcomes). Indeed, such an analysis gives a better understanding of decision making, and can improve our ability to predict choices observed in experimental tasks. The review of the experimental literature about decision making under ambiguity is used to illustrate these ideas. This literature is particularly interesting because it is at the interface between economics and psychology. This double perspective enables us to go beyond the idea that decision-makers are systematically averse to ambiguity. The experimental research leads to the conclusion that attitudes towards ambiguity, contrary to what is usually assumed, are complex: depending on the context...

Global Reinsurance Masterclass Series 7 - Imagining the future: stay ahead in the reinsurance game through scenario planning

This Masterclass is designed to help reinsurers take control of their future through the foresigh... more This Masterclass is designed to help reinsurers take control of their future through the foresight technique of scenario planning. This practical managerial tool enables companies in the field of risk management to assess any external uncertainties and develop strategies in accordance.

Économie internationale, 2010

Transport generates many externalities, some related to atmospheric pollution. In this paper, we ... more Transport generates many externalities, some related to atmospheric pollution. In this paper, we focus on two: greenhouse gases, and local pollution. In the search for optimal transport policies, these two externalities have usually been analysed separately. Here, we study them jointly, in a sequential decision-making model. Our model allows for the irreversibility of the policies undertaken, as well as the possibility of a progressive reduction of uncertainties with the arrival of information. We find that when both sources of externalities are analysed jointly, structural measures enabling private transport requirements to be reduced are identified as being more advantageous economically than technological measures to reduce emissions of pollutants. We illustrate the usefulness of a joint analysis of externalities with two examples: tax measures on cars and housing policy.

Journal of Management Studies, 2020

This study contributes to a holistic understanding of sensemaking by going beyond the mind-body d... more This study contributes to a holistic understanding of sensemaking by going beyond the mind-body dualism. To do so, we focus analytically on a phenomenon that operates at the nexus of mind and body: intuition. By observing four film crews, we unpack how people act their intuition into sense-that is, how they transform, through action, an initial sense (intuition) that is tacit, intimate, and complex into one that is publicly displayed, simpler, and ordered (i.e., a developed sense). Our model identifies two sensemaking trajectories, each of which involves several bodily actions (e.g., displaying feelings, working hands-on, speaking assertively). These actions enable intuition to express a facet of itself and acquire new properties. This study makes three important contributions. First, it develops the holistic-relational character of sensemaking by locating it in the relations among multiple loci (cognition, language, body, and materiality) rather than in each one disjunctively. Second, it theorizes embodied sensemaking as a transformative process entailing a rich repertoire of bodily actions. Third, it extends sensemaking research by attending to the physicality and materiality of language in embodied sensemaking.

10 Strategizing

Handbook of Management Communication, 2021

Heuristic Methods for Updating Small World Representations in Strategic Situations of Knightian Uncertainty

Academy of Management Review, 2020

Recent studies on the construction and use of “small world representations” in strategic decision... more Recent studies on the construction and use of “small world representations” in strategic decision-making under Knightian uncertainty say little about how such representations should be updated over...

Academy of Management Discoveries, 2020

We welcome Etzion et al.'s (2019) effort to critically assess the role of cat models in insurance... more We welcome Etzion et al.'s (2019) effort to critically assess the role of cat models in insurance markets, by combining a sociology of finance lens with statistical analysis. Nonetheless, we believe there are two flaws in their analysis. First, their interpretation of the model-as-engine metaphor, as well as the way they test for this metaphor, is questionable, in part because it is not clear what form of performativity (generic, effective, Barnesian?) is to be expected in the case of cat models and what constitute rigorous tests for these various forms of performativity. Second, we disagree with the broad conclusion drawn by the authors from the statistical analysis, in particular that the predictive performance of cat models is "not demonstrably better than guesswork" and hence, that such models are not (like) cameras. Overall, we find it hard to see how the two main points discussed by the authors-namely that "catastrophe bonds do not lend themselves to analysis through conventional sociological theories of financial markets" (p. 1) and that cat bonds are not appropriate risk transfer instruments to tackle sustainable development goals-are proven through their discussion of cat models via the model-as-engine and modelas-camera metaphors.

Academy of Management Proceedings, 2017

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is the main cause of second hand smoking (SHS) induced disease ... more Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is the main cause of second hand smoking (SHS) induced disease conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, vascular cancer and other types of cancers. It was estimated by the Health and Social Care Information Center (HSCIC) in UK that in the year 2016, 16 million people worldwide between the ages of 16-35 years died of smoking related diseases. Hence, different analytical techniques based on mass spectrometry (MS) and chromatography were developed, to detect the presence of tobacco metabolites in body fluids. These tobacco biomarkers in different body fluids could be used to correlate the level of ETS exposure. Among all the tobacco metabolites, cotinine was studied to be the most reliable biomarker, since it does not get affected by other environmental factors and it has along half-life f 17 hours. Therefore, by studying the levels of SHS, smoking cessation programs in public places like schools, parks and public transports could be reinforced in order to protect the innocent lives who are being exposed to tobacco smoke. This review mainly focuses on the detection of cotinine in saliva, serum, urine and hair. In conclusion, it was evident that cotinine detection in hair was the most reliable biological matrix to detect ETS exposure in passive smokers.

Strategy tools as metaphors: how strategy tools frame strategy formulation

Academy of Management Proceedings, 2019

Long Range Planning, 2018

This special issue groups a set of contributions that together question and extend the boundaries... more This special issue groups a set of contributions that together question and extend the boundaries of strategy research by examining strategy work as a performative pursuit. In this introduction, we position the special issue papers within the broader context of performativity studies in organization and management theory. To do so, we ground the analysis of the performativity of strategy in the recent developments of strategyas-practice research, clarify the ambitions of a performative turn in the study of strategy, introduce the plurality of performativity meanings and uses in prior research and specify the conceptualizations of performativity mobilized in the seven contributions that form this special issue. Taking stock of their rich insights, and reflecting on our editing of this special issue, we then identify key challenges underlying the constitution of the body of studies on the performativity of strategy, and propose three avenues of research that together sketch a research agenda for advancing the study of strategy as a performative endeavour.