Luba Jakubowska - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Luba Jakubowska
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Purpose The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence and age of onset of mental diso... more Purpose The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence and age of onset of mental disorders diagnosed by gender and socioeconomic status (SES) in children, adolescents, and young adults up to 30 years of age in the whole population of the Basque Country (Spain). Methods All mental health diagnoses documented in Basque Health Service records from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2018, were classified into eight clusters: anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorders, depression, psychosis/personality disorders, substance use, eating disorders, and self-harm. We calculated incidence and cumulative incidence for each cluster, disaggregated by gender, and socioeconomic status (SES). Poisson regression analyses were performed. Results Overall, 9,486,853 person-years of observation were available for the 609,281 individuals included. ADHD and conduct disorders were diagnosed in the first decade, anxiety and depression disorders in the second and third...
BMC Psychiatry
Background As mental health in adulthood is related to mental status during adolescence, school-b... more Background As mental health in adulthood is related to mental status during adolescence, school-based interventions have been proposed to improve resilience. The objective of this study was to build a simulation model representing the natural history of mental disorders in childhood, adolescence and youth to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the UPRIGHT school-based intervention in promoting resilience and mental health in adolescence. Methods We built a discrete event simulation model fed with real-world data (cumulative incidence disaggregated into eight clusters) from the Basque Health Service database (609,381 individuals) to calculate utilities (quality-adjusted life years [QALYs]) and costs for the general population in two scenarios (base case and intervention). The model translated changes in the wellbeing of adolescents into different risks of mental illnesses for a time horizon of 30 years. Results The number of cases of anxiety was estimated to fall by 5,125 or 9,592 and...
Frontiers in Psychology, Dec 23, 2022
Background: The article presents the psychometric parameters and implementation of the adult educ... more Background: The article presents the psychometric parameters and implementation of the adult education needs inventory (AENI) questionnaire, which is designed to measure the key competences of adult educators. It was constructed on the concept of key competences as proposed by the Council of the European Union. This model of competences is inscribed in the concept of lifelong learning and does not concentrate on the compensatory functions of the competences but merely promotes the insight of educators into their self-development. This article presents the construction process and psychometrical properties of AENI.
SAGE Open
In the educational context, virtual reality (VR) can be defined as a set of diverse hardware and ... more In the educational context, virtual reality (VR) can be defined as a set of diverse hardware and software technologies that can be used to provide the experience of immersion in the learning process. This study aimed to investigate the connection between VR and emotions that can motivate students to be more active in the didactic process. A group of 99 participants was involved and watched three short individual VR sessions using Oculus glasses. We monitored participants’ moods (using the SUPIN/PANAS questionnaire) and we also gauged their self-esteem (SES questionnaire). Participation in VR sessions increases the intensity in learners’ emotions. The increase or decrease in emotions depends on whether they are positive or negative. First and foremost, we observed changes in the intensity of positive emotions which, after VR intervention, increased significantly in relation to the initial measurement, compared with the intensity of negative emotions during the post-test. The results ...
Journal of Education Culture and Society, 2018
Aim. The aim of the paper is to present the reasons of the forming of erroneous, unfavourable per... more Aim. The aim of the paper is to present the reasons of the forming of erroneous, unfavourable perception of persons with spinocerebellar ataxia. Concept. Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are a group of degenerative disorders leading to damage of the cerebellum and its connections (Klockgether, Paulson, 2011). The following are distinguished among the neurological speech difficulties present in persons with SCA: dysphagia (difficulties with swallowing leading to problems with eating), speech disorders, and mental disorders. Each of these groups of disorders may lead to the stigmatisation of persons with SCA. Such persons might be seen as sloppy and helpless, and the specificity of speech impairments and uncoordinated movements as well as their irregular gait may cause these persons to be perceived as inebriated. Such presumptions lead to difficulties in social functioning and may be the cause of discrimination, including the denial of help. Conclusion: What is helpful in combating preju...
Andragogy Adult Education and Social Marketing, 2022
Thesis. The article presents the construction process and psychometric properties of the Critical... more Thesis. The article presents the construction process and psychometric properties of the Critical Thinking Questionnaire (CThQ). The questionnaire is a critical thinking test tool designed for adolescents and adults. The basis for creating the questionnaire was classifying the educational goals proposed by Benjamin Bloom and spread by critical thinking practitioners. Methods. The independent rater system was used in the construction of the test, while the psychometric properties of the test were tested on a sample of 198 people, calculating the inter-correlation and the Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient. Result. Both assessments of the independent rater system and research checking the psychometric properties of the test indicate high reliability of the tool. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of internal consistency was 0.87. In its final version, the test consists of 25 items, the results of which allow assessing critical thinking in 6 scales: remembering, understanding, applying...
Sustainability, 2022
The aim of this research was to compare the quality of life among University of the Third Age (U3... more The aim of this research was to compare the quality of life among University of the Third Age (U3A) students in Poland, where a novel method of educating seniors is being developed, with the quality of life among students at newly established U3As in Belarus and Ukraine, which have copied the Polish model. The research was also conducted to connect a range of socio-demographic variables with two explanatory ones: satisfaction with participation in U3A activities and the overall quality of life. A total of 515 U3A (N13) students from three Eastern European countries—Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus—took part in the research. The overall quality of life of U3A students was researched and expressed in the form of three components: stress level, sense of self-efficacy, and level of satisfaction with life. The following tools were used: PPS10 (Perceived Stress Scale), GSES (General Self-Efficacy Scale), and SWLS (Satisfaction with Life Scale). The research showed a statistically significant ...
Journal of Education Culture and Society, 2019
Introduction: Living in the age of modern inventions one forgets about one of the best medication... more Introduction: Living in the age of modern inventions one forgets about one of the best medications for many health problems, which is physical activity. In 2016, Kantar Public (Ministry of Sport and Tourism, 2016) announced that only one in five Poles aged 15-69 had an adequate level of physical activity. A CBOS (Centre for Public Opinion Research) survey conducted in 2014 showed that half of Poles weigh too much. For the development of lifestyle diseases, besides overweight, the wrong lifestyle also contributes (CBOS No. 122/2014). According to the WOBASZ (a multi-center nationwide survey of the health status of the population) survey, only 3% of Polish society is characterized by "an indicator of a healthy lifestyle" (Kwaśniewska, Kaczmarczyk-Chałas, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Kucharczyk, Drygas, 2010). The role and task of physical activity at an early age, as well as at any other stage of life, is very important in the prevention of civilization diseases, which is why it...
Journal of Education Culture and Society, 2019
Thesis. Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders resulting from damage to the central nervous ... more Thesis. Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders resulting from damage to the central nervous system in the early stages of its development. The aim of the rehabilitation of persons with CP is to make their dependence on the assistance of others as little as possible and to improve their quality of life, as well as the quality of life of their families. New methods are developed in which new technologies are employed and a holistic approach to the patient, requiring the cooperation of specialists in various fields, is assumed. The most commonly used methods of working with children with cerebral palsy include the NDT-Bobath method and the Vojta method. Apart from them unconventional methods are also employed, including hippotherapy, virtual reality, the sensory integration method, the conductive education method, and the space suit method. Aim of the paper. The aim of the paper is to present the methods employed in increasing the agility of children with cerebral pals...
Ce rapport contient des informations sur les besoins en matière d’éducation et l’évaluation quant... more Ce rapport contient des informations sur les besoins en matière d’éducation et l’évaluation quantitative des organisations d’éducateurs d’adultes et des travailleurs des ONG dans les pays du consortium (Pologne, France, Italie et Portugal), dans d’autres pays de l’UE et certains pays tiers. L’enquête a réuni 1176 participants. Outre le nombre représentatif de répondants, il est important de souligner que la recherche a été menée dans différents pays, et non pas uniquement dans les pays du consortium, garantissant que les résultats obtenus sont révélateurs des besoins du secteur de l’éducation des adultes en Europe.
Andragogy Adult Education and Social Marketing, 2021
O relatório apresentado contém informações sobre as necessidades de educação e de avaliação quant... more O relatório apresentado contém informações sobre as necessidades de educação e de avaliação quantitativa das organizações de educadores de adultos e trabalhadores de ONGs nos países do consórcio (Polónia, França, Itália e Portugal), noutros países da UE, bem como em alguns países fora da UE.A sondagem de pesquisa continha 1176 participantes. Destaca-se o facto da pesquisa tersido realizada em diferentes países, não apenas nos países do consórcio, o que garante que os resultados obtidos são sintomáticos para o setor europeu de EA.
Podrecznik sklada sie z trzech cześci. W pierwszym rozdziale dokonano diagnozy dotyczącej osob st... more Podrecznik sklada sie z trzech cześci. W pierwszym rozdziale dokonano diagnozy dotyczącej osob starszych i ich kompetencji w zakresie nowych technologii. W tym rozdziale opisano takze dostepne w krajach partnerskich programy edukacyjne w zakresie ICT skierowane do osob starszych. Kolejny rozdzial zawiera opis i wyniki eksperymentu pedagogicznego, ktorego celem bylo porownanie efektywności metody uczenia seniorow uzywania smartfonow. W eksperymencie porownano metode klasowo-lekcyjną, ktora dominuje w ofercie edukacyjnej skierowanej do seniorow, z metodą zgodną ze strategiąedutainmentu – gry miejskiej. Ostatnia cześc zawiera scenariusze zajec, dedykowanych zarowno metodzie gier miejskich, jak i zajeciom klasowo-lekcyjnym. Prezentowany Czytelnikowi podrecznik moze byc interesującą pozycją dla praktykow zajmujących sie andragogiką, edukacją osob starszych czy edukacją w zakresie ICT, gdyz zawiera gotowe programy edukacyjne, ktore mozna bezpośrednio implementowac we wlasnej praktyce zwią...
The presented report contains information about the educational needs and the quantitative evalua... more The presented report contains information about the educational needs and the quantitative evaluation of AE organisations and NGO workers in the consortium countries (Poland, France, Italy and Portugal) and other EU and non-EU countries. The research sample contained 1,176 participants. Importantly, the fact that the research was conducted not only in the consortium countries but also in other countries guarantees that the obtained results are symptomatic for European AE sector.
Przegląd Badań Edukacyjnych, 2021
The research problem was defined as 'What is the attitude towards studying in Poland, and how has... more The research problem was defined as 'What is the attitude towards studying in Poland, and how has it changed in connection with transformational and generational changes?' Methods of data collection and analysis: An original questionnaire, "Attitudes to Studying", containing 55 statements referring to nine content areas defining attitudes towards studying. Indication of the research sample: The research was conducted between 2015 and 2017 (N=2102). Three generations were defined, as follows: younger generation, 17-39; middle generation, 40-59; and older generation, 60 plus. Other variables taken into consideration were study status, political transformation (study before and after 1989), and gender. Main results: The research allowed us to distinguish three empirical factors relating to motivation to study. The first of these is linked to the decrease in motivation connected with the egalitarianism of studying. This factor was more important for women than for men. The second indicates the significance of a university's prestige when taking up studies. Motivation understood in this way was more important for women, people studying before the political transformation, and the results on this scale generally increased with the age of the respondents. The third indicates the role of social pressure in making decisions about studying-this is more important for people studying before the political transformation, and for men compared to women. Interestingly, social pressure is more important for those still studying than for those who have already graduated. Conclusions: The research made it possible to distinguish three main groups of motives relating to studying in Poland: the environment and prestige of the university as factors increasing motivation, and the egalitarianism of studies as a factor decreasing motivation. Attitudes towards studying are influenced by both the motives present before the political transformation, as well as those which appeared as the result of socio-cultural changes.
Przegląd Badań Edukacyjnych, 2021
The research problem consisted in the question: "What opportunities and limitations in the use of... more The research problem consisted in the question: "What opportunities and limitations in the use of virtual reality (VR) in education do educators/health sciences specialists notice?". The opinion on the use of VR in education was formed thanks to a combination of two perspectives of the educators: a learner's perspective (the experience of immersion in VR), and a teacher's perspective (professional experience). Methodological triangulation was employed, with both the quantitative and qualitative perspectives used. The following tools were employed in the research: The positive and negative emotions scale (SUPIN), version S.20 and the SDVR Questionnaire. The research was conducted at the Department of Health Sciences of the Wroclaw Medical University in Wroclaw, Poland, between October, 2019 and April, 2020. The research group consisted of 30 people specialising in various areas of health sciences. Specialists in health sciences believe that VR is a method which can make the process of ORYGINALNE ARTYKUŁY BADAWCZE 62 education more attractive and facilitate achievement in the areas of knowledge, competences, and skills. The trainings in which educators can experience immersion in VR not only make it possible to generate ideas on how to use the equipment, but they also reduce their concerns as to using it. The realism of the experiences, the positive emotions, the multidimensionality of the images during immersion make it possible to employ VR in various areas of education in which VR may be treated as a means to practice clinical situations in a safe environment, as well as a tool illustrating various realms of knowledge (such as, e.g., human anatomy). What is considered by educators as the greatest obstacle in the popularisation of VR in education is the limited access to equipment. Other difficulties include: adapting software to the subject curriculum, working in large groups, and competences of the educators.
E-methodology, 2020
Introduction. Virtual reality is a technology which is increasingly more often used notonly by th... more Introduction. Virtual reality is a technology which is increasingly more often used notonly by the entertainment industry, but also in education, medicine, trade, and tourism.Conducting research with the use of virtual reality is necessary in order to confi rm or disclaimits effectiveness as a tool in particular uses.The aim. The aim of this paper is to present and analyse the diffi culties which ariseduring research with the use of VR.Methods and materials. The authors have analysed the diffi culties mentioned by researchers,as well as those addressing their own experiences gained during research with theuse of VR.Conclusions. The diffi culties arising during the research testing the use of VR can bedivided into three groups. The fi rst group includes those connected with the research subjects.There are objections related to certain illnesses, what is more, some individuals mayfeel fear of new technologies or lack interest in them. The second group contains the problemsconnected wi...
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Purpose The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence and age of onset of mental diso... more Purpose The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence and age of onset of mental disorders diagnosed by gender and socioeconomic status (SES) in children, adolescents, and young adults up to 30 years of age in the whole population of the Basque Country (Spain). Methods All mental health diagnoses documented in Basque Health Service records from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2018, were classified into eight clusters: anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorders, depression, psychosis/personality disorders, substance use, eating disorders, and self-harm. We calculated incidence and cumulative incidence for each cluster, disaggregated by gender, and socioeconomic status (SES). Poisson regression analyses were performed. Results Overall, 9,486,853 person-years of observation were available for the 609,281 individuals included. ADHD and conduct disorders were diagnosed in the first decade, anxiety and depression disorders in the second and third...
BMC Psychiatry
Background As mental health in adulthood is related to mental status during adolescence, school-b... more Background As mental health in adulthood is related to mental status during adolescence, school-based interventions have been proposed to improve resilience. The objective of this study was to build a simulation model representing the natural history of mental disorders in childhood, adolescence and youth to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the UPRIGHT school-based intervention in promoting resilience and mental health in adolescence. Methods We built a discrete event simulation model fed with real-world data (cumulative incidence disaggregated into eight clusters) from the Basque Health Service database (609,381 individuals) to calculate utilities (quality-adjusted life years [QALYs]) and costs for the general population in two scenarios (base case and intervention). The model translated changes in the wellbeing of adolescents into different risks of mental illnesses for a time horizon of 30 years. Results The number of cases of anxiety was estimated to fall by 5,125 or 9,592 and...
Frontiers in Psychology, Dec 23, 2022
Background: The article presents the psychometric parameters and implementation of the adult educ... more Background: The article presents the psychometric parameters and implementation of the adult education needs inventory (AENI) questionnaire, which is designed to measure the key competences of adult educators. It was constructed on the concept of key competences as proposed by the Council of the European Union. This model of competences is inscribed in the concept of lifelong learning and does not concentrate on the compensatory functions of the competences but merely promotes the insight of educators into their self-development. This article presents the construction process and psychometrical properties of AENI.
SAGE Open
In the educational context, virtual reality (VR) can be defined as a set of diverse hardware and ... more In the educational context, virtual reality (VR) can be defined as a set of diverse hardware and software technologies that can be used to provide the experience of immersion in the learning process. This study aimed to investigate the connection between VR and emotions that can motivate students to be more active in the didactic process. A group of 99 participants was involved and watched three short individual VR sessions using Oculus glasses. We monitored participants’ moods (using the SUPIN/PANAS questionnaire) and we also gauged their self-esteem (SES questionnaire). Participation in VR sessions increases the intensity in learners’ emotions. The increase or decrease in emotions depends on whether they are positive or negative. First and foremost, we observed changes in the intensity of positive emotions which, after VR intervention, increased significantly in relation to the initial measurement, compared with the intensity of negative emotions during the post-test. The results ...
Journal of Education Culture and Society, 2018
Aim. The aim of the paper is to present the reasons of the forming of erroneous, unfavourable per... more Aim. The aim of the paper is to present the reasons of the forming of erroneous, unfavourable perception of persons with spinocerebellar ataxia. Concept. Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are a group of degenerative disorders leading to damage of the cerebellum and its connections (Klockgether, Paulson, 2011). The following are distinguished among the neurological speech difficulties present in persons with SCA: dysphagia (difficulties with swallowing leading to problems with eating), speech disorders, and mental disorders. Each of these groups of disorders may lead to the stigmatisation of persons with SCA. Such persons might be seen as sloppy and helpless, and the specificity of speech impairments and uncoordinated movements as well as their irregular gait may cause these persons to be perceived as inebriated. Such presumptions lead to difficulties in social functioning and may be the cause of discrimination, including the denial of help. Conclusion: What is helpful in combating preju...
Andragogy Adult Education and Social Marketing, 2022
Thesis. The article presents the construction process and psychometric properties of the Critical... more Thesis. The article presents the construction process and psychometric properties of the Critical Thinking Questionnaire (CThQ). The questionnaire is a critical thinking test tool designed for adolescents and adults. The basis for creating the questionnaire was classifying the educational goals proposed by Benjamin Bloom and spread by critical thinking practitioners. Methods. The independent rater system was used in the construction of the test, while the psychometric properties of the test were tested on a sample of 198 people, calculating the inter-correlation and the Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient. Result. Both assessments of the independent rater system and research checking the psychometric properties of the test indicate high reliability of the tool. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of internal consistency was 0.87. In its final version, the test consists of 25 items, the results of which allow assessing critical thinking in 6 scales: remembering, understanding, applying...
Sustainability, 2022
The aim of this research was to compare the quality of life among University of the Third Age (U3... more The aim of this research was to compare the quality of life among University of the Third Age (U3A) students in Poland, where a novel method of educating seniors is being developed, with the quality of life among students at newly established U3As in Belarus and Ukraine, which have copied the Polish model. The research was also conducted to connect a range of socio-demographic variables with two explanatory ones: satisfaction with participation in U3A activities and the overall quality of life. A total of 515 U3A (N13) students from three Eastern European countries—Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus—took part in the research. The overall quality of life of U3A students was researched and expressed in the form of three components: stress level, sense of self-efficacy, and level of satisfaction with life. The following tools were used: PPS10 (Perceived Stress Scale), GSES (General Self-Efficacy Scale), and SWLS (Satisfaction with Life Scale). The research showed a statistically significant ...
Journal of Education Culture and Society, 2019
Introduction: Living in the age of modern inventions one forgets about one of the best medication... more Introduction: Living in the age of modern inventions one forgets about one of the best medications for many health problems, which is physical activity. In 2016, Kantar Public (Ministry of Sport and Tourism, 2016) announced that only one in five Poles aged 15-69 had an adequate level of physical activity. A CBOS (Centre for Public Opinion Research) survey conducted in 2014 showed that half of Poles weigh too much. For the development of lifestyle diseases, besides overweight, the wrong lifestyle also contributes (CBOS No. 122/2014). According to the WOBASZ (a multi-center nationwide survey of the health status of the population) survey, only 3% of Polish society is characterized by "an indicator of a healthy lifestyle" (Kwaśniewska, Kaczmarczyk-Chałas, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Kucharczyk, Drygas, 2010). The role and task of physical activity at an early age, as well as at any other stage of life, is very important in the prevention of civilization diseases, which is why it...
Journal of Education Culture and Society, 2019
Thesis. Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders resulting from damage to the central nervous ... more Thesis. Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders resulting from damage to the central nervous system in the early stages of its development. The aim of the rehabilitation of persons with CP is to make their dependence on the assistance of others as little as possible and to improve their quality of life, as well as the quality of life of their families. New methods are developed in which new technologies are employed and a holistic approach to the patient, requiring the cooperation of specialists in various fields, is assumed. The most commonly used methods of working with children with cerebral palsy include the NDT-Bobath method and the Vojta method. Apart from them unconventional methods are also employed, including hippotherapy, virtual reality, the sensory integration method, the conductive education method, and the space suit method. Aim of the paper. The aim of the paper is to present the methods employed in increasing the agility of children with cerebral pals...
Ce rapport contient des informations sur les besoins en matière d’éducation et l’évaluation quant... more Ce rapport contient des informations sur les besoins en matière d’éducation et l’évaluation quantitative des organisations d’éducateurs d’adultes et des travailleurs des ONG dans les pays du consortium (Pologne, France, Italie et Portugal), dans d’autres pays de l’UE et certains pays tiers. L’enquête a réuni 1176 participants. Outre le nombre représentatif de répondants, il est important de souligner que la recherche a été menée dans différents pays, et non pas uniquement dans les pays du consortium, garantissant que les résultats obtenus sont révélateurs des besoins du secteur de l’éducation des adultes en Europe.
Andragogy Adult Education and Social Marketing, 2021
O relatório apresentado contém informações sobre as necessidades de educação e de avaliação quant... more O relatório apresentado contém informações sobre as necessidades de educação e de avaliação quantitativa das organizações de educadores de adultos e trabalhadores de ONGs nos países do consórcio (Polónia, França, Itália e Portugal), noutros países da UE, bem como em alguns países fora da UE.A sondagem de pesquisa continha 1176 participantes. Destaca-se o facto da pesquisa tersido realizada em diferentes países, não apenas nos países do consórcio, o que garante que os resultados obtidos são sintomáticos para o setor europeu de EA.
Podrecznik sklada sie z trzech cześci. W pierwszym rozdziale dokonano diagnozy dotyczącej osob st... more Podrecznik sklada sie z trzech cześci. W pierwszym rozdziale dokonano diagnozy dotyczącej osob starszych i ich kompetencji w zakresie nowych technologii. W tym rozdziale opisano takze dostepne w krajach partnerskich programy edukacyjne w zakresie ICT skierowane do osob starszych. Kolejny rozdzial zawiera opis i wyniki eksperymentu pedagogicznego, ktorego celem bylo porownanie efektywności metody uczenia seniorow uzywania smartfonow. W eksperymencie porownano metode klasowo-lekcyjną, ktora dominuje w ofercie edukacyjnej skierowanej do seniorow, z metodą zgodną ze strategiąedutainmentu – gry miejskiej. Ostatnia cześc zawiera scenariusze zajec, dedykowanych zarowno metodzie gier miejskich, jak i zajeciom klasowo-lekcyjnym. Prezentowany Czytelnikowi podrecznik moze byc interesującą pozycją dla praktykow zajmujących sie andragogiką, edukacją osob starszych czy edukacją w zakresie ICT, gdyz zawiera gotowe programy edukacyjne, ktore mozna bezpośrednio implementowac we wlasnej praktyce zwią...
The presented report contains information about the educational needs and the quantitative evalua... more The presented report contains information about the educational needs and the quantitative evaluation of AE organisations and NGO workers in the consortium countries (Poland, France, Italy and Portugal) and other EU and non-EU countries. The research sample contained 1,176 participants. Importantly, the fact that the research was conducted not only in the consortium countries but also in other countries guarantees that the obtained results are symptomatic for European AE sector.
Przegląd Badań Edukacyjnych, 2021
The research problem was defined as 'What is the attitude towards studying in Poland, and how has... more The research problem was defined as 'What is the attitude towards studying in Poland, and how has it changed in connection with transformational and generational changes?' Methods of data collection and analysis: An original questionnaire, "Attitudes to Studying", containing 55 statements referring to nine content areas defining attitudes towards studying. Indication of the research sample: The research was conducted between 2015 and 2017 (N=2102). Three generations were defined, as follows: younger generation, 17-39; middle generation, 40-59; and older generation, 60 plus. Other variables taken into consideration were study status, political transformation (study before and after 1989), and gender. Main results: The research allowed us to distinguish three empirical factors relating to motivation to study. The first of these is linked to the decrease in motivation connected with the egalitarianism of studying. This factor was more important for women than for men. The second indicates the significance of a university's prestige when taking up studies. Motivation understood in this way was more important for women, people studying before the political transformation, and the results on this scale generally increased with the age of the respondents. The third indicates the role of social pressure in making decisions about studying-this is more important for people studying before the political transformation, and for men compared to women. Interestingly, social pressure is more important for those still studying than for those who have already graduated. Conclusions: The research made it possible to distinguish three main groups of motives relating to studying in Poland: the environment and prestige of the university as factors increasing motivation, and the egalitarianism of studies as a factor decreasing motivation. Attitudes towards studying are influenced by both the motives present before the political transformation, as well as those which appeared as the result of socio-cultural changes.
Przegląd Badań Edukacyjnych, 2021
The research problem consisted in the question: "What opportunities and limitations in the use of... more The research problem consisted in the question: "What opportunities and limitations in the use of virtual reality (VR) in education do educators/health sciences specialists notice?". The opinion on the use of VR in education was formed thanks to a combination of two perspectives of the educators: a learner's perspective (the experience of immersion in VR), and a teacher's perspective (professional experience). Methodological triangulation was employed, with both the quantitative and qualitative perspectives used. The following tools were employed in the research: The positive and negative emotions scale (SUPIN), version S.20 and the SDVR Questionnaire. The research was conducted at the Department of Health Sciences of the Wroclaw Medical University in Wroclaw, Poland, between October, 2019 and April, 2020. The research group consisted of 30 people specialising in various areas of health sciences. Specialists in health sciences believe that VR is a method which can make the process of ORYGINALNE ARTYKUŁY BADAWCZE 62 education more attractive and facilitate achievement in the areas of knowledge, competences, and skills. The trainings in which educators can experience immersion in VR not only make it possible to generate ideas on how to use the equipment, but they also reduce their concerns as to using it. The realism of the experiences, the positive emotions, the multidimensionality of the images during immersion make it possible to employ VR in various areas of education in which VR may be treated as a means to practice clinical situations in a safe environment, as well as a tool illustrating various realms of knowledge (such as, e.g., human anatomy). What is considered by educators as the greatest obstacle in the popularisation of VR in education is the limited access to equipment. Other difficulties include: adapting software to the subject curriculum, working in large groups, and competences of the educators.
E-methodology, 2020
Introduction. Virtual reality is a technology which is increasingly more often used notonly by th... more Introduction. Virtual reality is a technology which is increasingly more often used notonly by the entertainment industry, but also in education, medicine, trade, and tourism.Conducting research with the use of virtual reality is necessary in order to confi rm or disclaimits effectiveness as a tool in particular uses.The aim. The aim of this paper is to present and analyse the diffi culties which ariseduring research with the use of VR.Methods and materials. The authors have analysed the diffi culties mentioned by researchers,as well as those addressing their own experiences gained during research with theuse of VR.Conclusions. The diffi culties arising during the research testing the use of VR can bedivided into three groups. The fi rst group includes those connected with the research subjects.There are objections related to certain illnesses, what is more, some individuals mayfeel fear of new technologies or lack interest in them. The second group contains the problemsconnected wi...