L. Solari - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by L. Solari

Research paper thumbnail of Advances on Modelling Riparian Vegetation-Hydromorphology Interactions

River Research and Applications, 2015

Riparian vegetation actively interacts with fluvial systems affecting river hydrodynamics, morpho... more Riparian vegetation actively interacts with fluvial systems affecting river hydrodynamics, morphodynamics and groundwater. These interactions can be coupled because both vegetation and hydromorphology (i.e. the combined scientific study of hydrology and fluvial geomorphology) involve dynamic processes with similar temporal and spatial scales. To predict and assess the consequences of restoration measures, maintenance operations or human pressures in rivers, managers and planners may wish to model these interactions considering the different and interdisciplinary implications in the fields of ecology, geomorphology and hydrology. In this paper, we review models that are currently available and that incorporate the processes that relate riparian vegetation to hydromorphology. The models that are considered include those emphasizing hydraulic-geomorphological processes (such as flow resistance, sediment transport and bank dynamics) as well as those emphasizing ecological processes (seed dispersal, plant survival, growth, succession and mortality). Models interpreting the coupled evolution between riparian vegetation and river morphology and groundwater are also presented. The aim is to provide an overview of current modelling capabilities and limitations and to identify future modelling challenges.

Research paper thumbnail of On salt marshes retreat: Experiments and modeling toppling failures induced by wind waves

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2014

Salt marshes are delicate ecosystems which are disappearing in many areas of the world, mainly du... more Salt marshes are delicate ecosystems which are disappearing in many areas of the world, mainly due to increasing rates of sea level rise, subsidence, and anthropic pressure. The lateral erosion of the edge of salt marshes is one of the most important processes in determining changes in morphology, and wind waves have a key role in this retreat. Lateral retreat occurs by means of several types of mass failure processes, typically cantilever, sliding, and toppling. In the literature, no mechanistic models for the description of toppling failure are available. In this study, we performed a set of experiments to quantify the pressure field and the hydrodynamic forcing induced by wind waves during toppling failures of unstable blocks on a salt marsh edge. We propose a model interpreting toppling failure based on the experimental evidence as well as on the physics of the system. We model the system as a dynamic rigid block of cohesive soil, identified by the presence of a tension crack, subjected to hydrodynamic forces caused by impact of waves and resistive forces due to the block's weight and soil cohesion. The failure of the blocks occurs when the soil tensile strength is exceeded along the failure surface located at the base of the block. The model is able to reproduce failure processes observed in the laboratory. Moreover, the model reveals that the most critical conditions for marsh bank instability due to toppling failure are associated to the presence of water inside the tension crack and low water levels in front of the bank.

Research paper thumbnail of Apatite Fission-Track Analysis of the Middle Jurassic Todos Santos Formation from Chiapas, Mexico

Research paper thumbnail of High-Pressure Belts of Central Guatemala: the Motagua Suture and the Chuacus Complex

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental Investigation on the Salt Marsh Retreat

Research paper thumbnail of Osservazioni Sperimentali Sulla Dinamica Del Trasporto Solido Al Fondo

Research paper thumbnail of Monitoraggio di una barena soggetta ad erosione da moto ondoso in Laguna di Venezia

Le barene sono strutture morfologiche presenti in ambienti di transizione "ecotoni", quali lagune... more Le barene sono strutture morfologiche presenti in ambienti di transizione "ecotoni", quali lagune ed estuari, caratterizzati da dinamiche complesse frutto dell'interazione tra idrodinamica, morfodinamica e biologia. Tali ambienti sono dotati di un'elevata biodiversità, alti tassi di produzione primaria e forniscono diversi e preziosi "servizi ecosistemici" . La crescente pressione antropica, l'innalzamento del livello medio mare, fenomeni di subsidenza e diversi meccanismi erosivi, hanno causato la scomparsa di ampie zone a barena in diverse parti del mondo. L'arretramento delle sponde delle barene per l'azione congiunta della marea e del moto ondoso da vento e da barca è uno dei principali fattori responsabili della loro riduzione. Tale fenomeno è stato studiato attraverso osservazioni di campo da foto aeree su ampie scale spaziali e temporali ), modelli matematici (van Eerdt, 1985, modelli sperimentali di laboratorio (Francalanci et al., 2013) e rappresentazioni qualitative ). Una più dettagliata descrizione dei tassi di arretramento in funzione delle forzanti idrodinamiche a scala di evento non è stata ancora fornita, se non per specifiche strutture morfologiche (Priestas e Fagherazzi, 2011). Il presente lavoro descrive una campagna di monitoraggio dell'evoluzione morfologica di una barena a seguito di tre intense mareggiate registrate nel febbraio del 2014, attraverso la misura del clima ondoso e dei tassi erosivi locali. L'obiettivo è quello di determinare una relazione tra forzante e tassi erosivi e identificare la cause principali dell'arretramento dei bordi delle barene. L'area di studio è localizzata a Nord-Ovest di Sant'Erasmo, nella parte Nord della Laguna di Venezia (Figura 1a). La barena monitorata è caratterizzata da un profilo longitudinale piuttosto irregolare, una scarpata pressoché verticale di altezza circa 70 -80 cm ed è soggetta ad un moto ondoso indotto da venti con direzione variabile da Nord a Est. Il fetch massimo è di circa 1 km. Le misurazioni del clima ondoso sono state svolte per mezzo di trasduttori di pressione (TP) collocati a 6 metri dal bordo barena, ad una distanza di 10 cm dal fondo (Figura 1b). Dalle misure di pressione è stato ricavato lo spettro della densità di energia e la direzionalità del moto ondoso. Il campionamento è stato effettuato a 6 Hz per intervalli di 15 minuti ogni ora e mezzo, in occasione di due delle tre mareggiate più intense. I tassi di arretramento sono stai misurati per mezzo di erosion pins. Parte di questi (60 circa) sono stati inseriti orizzontalmente sulla scarpata a diverse altezze, distribuiti lungo l'intero profilo longitudinale della sponda. Ulteriori erosion pins (10) sono stati posti verticalmente ad una distanza di 50 cm dal bordo barena.

Research paper thumbnail of Field monitoring of a salt marsh subjected to surface waves erosion AUTHORS: Luca Solari1, Michele Bendoni1, Riccardo Mel

Research paper thumbnail of Flow resistance in mountain rivers: preliminary laboratory observations

Research paper thumbnail of PC-39 Macro-Roughness Flow Resistance: A New Experimental Formula

Research paper thumbnail of Field Monitoring of the Flood Wave Propagation in the Versilia Mountain Basin (Tuscany, Italy)

Research paper thumbnail of Risultati preliminari sul comportamento delle briglie a fessura nel bacino montano dell’Alta Versilia

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of resistance of flow over macro-scale roughness: first results

Research paper thumbnail of Formación de calderas y construcción progresiva de batolitos: restricciones geocronológicas, petrográficas y estratigráficas del área Coxcatlán-Tilzapotla, Sierra Madre del Sur, México

A feature of great interest in the late Eocene-early Oligocene volcanic province of the Sierra Ma... more A feature of great interest in the late Eocene-early Oligocene volcanic province of the Sierra Madre del Sur is an elliptical NW-SE oriented dome structure (52 × 30 km) in the Coxcatlán-Tilzapotla region. The elliptical structure encompasses the Tilzapotla collapse caldera, rhyolitic domes, large volumes of ignimbrites, as well as the Buenavista intrusive body, and the Coxcatlán and Chautle plutons located west and east of the structural margin of the caldera, respectively. Previous geochronological studies carried out on the silicic and intermediate magmatic rocks intercalated with pre-caldera tilted terrestrial sediments, as well as the occurrence of an angular unconformity separating fine-grained and coarse-grained beds, constrain uplift in the dome area to the late Eocene . This suggests that doming was related to emplacement of magmas into the crust prior to collapse of the Tilzapotla caldera at 34.3 Ma.

Research paper thumbnail of Caldera formation and progressive batholith construction: Geochronological, petrographic and stratigraphic constraints from the Coxcatlán-Tilzapotla area, Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental observation on bank retreat of salt marshes

Salt marshes are among the richest ecosystems in terms of productivity and species diversity, pro... more Salt marshes are among the richest ecosystems in terms of productivity and species diversity, providing habitat to a diverse fauna population, important resources for fishing and recreation, and a nutrient buffer at the land-sea interface. For these reasons salt marsh erosion represents a heavy loss of soil and this complex phenomenon has enhanced more and more interest, among the scientific community, to understand and quantify physical and biological processes and the related feedbacks to the planimetric evolution of the tidal channels forming the drainage network inside the salt marshes.

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling the Retreat Processes of Salt Marsh Edge

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Bar Morphology and Vegetation on Flow Resistance in Gravel-Bed Rivers

Research paper thumbnail of Interaction of Bar Morphology and Riparian Vegetation in Gravel-Bed Rivers

Research paper thumbnail of A review of batholiths and other plutonic intrusions of Mexico

Research paper thumbnail of Advances on Modelling Riparian Vegetation-Hydromorphology Interactions

River Research and Applications, 2015

Riparian vegetation actively interacts with fluvial systems affecting river hydrodynamics, morpho... more Riparian vegetation actively interacts with fluvial systems affecting river hydrodynamics, morphodynamics and groundwater. These interactions can be coupled because both vegetation and hydromorphology (i.e. the combined scientific study of hydrology and fluvial geomorphology) involve dynamic processes with similar temporal and spatial scales. To predict and assess the consequences of restoration measures, maintenance operations or human pressures in rivers, managers and planners may wish to model these interactions considering the different and interdisciplinary implications in the fields of ecology, geomorphology and hydrology. In this paper, we review models that are currently available and that incorporate the processes that relate riparian vegetation to hydromorphology. The models that are considered include those emphasizing hydraulic-geomorphological processes (such as flow resistance, sediment transport and bank dynamics) as well as those emphasizing ecological processes (seed dispersal, plant survival, growth, succession and mortality). Models interpreting the coupled evolution between riparian vegetation and river morphology and groundwater are also presented. The aim is to provide an overview of current modelling capabilities and limitations and to identify future modelling challenges.

Research paper thumbnail of On salt marshes retreat: Experiments and modeling toppling failures induced by wind waves

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2014

Salt marshes are delicate ecosystems which are disappearing in many areas of the world, mainly du... more Salt marshes are delicate ecosystems which are disappearing in many areas of the world, mainly due to increasing rates of sea level rise, subsidence, and anthropic pressure. The lateral erosion of the edge of salt marshes is one of the most important processes in determining changes in morphology, and wind waves have a key role in this retreat. Lateral retreat occurs by means of several types of mass failure processes, typically cantilever, sliding, and toppling. In the literature, no mechanistic models for the description of toppling failure are available. In this study, we performed a set of experiments to quantify the pressure field and the hydrodynamic forcing induced by wind waves during toppling failures of unstable blocks on a salt marsh edge. We propose a model interpreting toppling failure based on the experimental evidence as well as on the physics of the system. We model the system as a dynamic rigid block of cohesive soil, identified by the presence of a tension crack, subjected to hydrodynamic forces caused by impact of waves and resistive forces due to the block's weight and soil cohesion. The failure of the blocks occurs when the soil tensile strength is exceeded along the failure surface located at the base of the block. The model is able to reproduce failure processes observed in the laboratory. Moreover, the model reveals that the most critical conditions for marsh bank instability due to toppling failure are associated to the presence of water inside the tension crack and low water levels in front of the bank.

Research paper thumbnail of Apatite Fission-Track Analysis of the Middle Jurassic Todos Santos Formation from Chiapas, Mexico

Research paper thumbnail of High-Pressure Belts of Central Guatemala: the Motagua Suture and the Chuacus Complex

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental Investigation on the Salt Marsh Retreat

Research paper thumbnail of Osservazioni Sperimentali Sulla Dinamica Del Trasporto Solido Al Fondo

Research paper thumbnail of Monitoraggio di una barena soggetta ad erosione da moto ondoso in Laguna di Venezia

Le barene sono strutture morfologiche presenti in ambienti di transizione "ecotoni", quali lagune... more Le barene sono strutture morfologiche presenti in ambienti di transizione "ecotoni", quali lagune ed estuari, caratterizzati da dinamiche complesse frutto dell'interazione tra idrodinamica, morfodinamica e biologia. Tali ambienti sono dotati di un'elevata biodiversità, alti tassi di produzione primaria e forniscono diversi e preziosi "servizi ecosistemici" . La crescente pressione antropica, l'innalzamento del livello medio mare, fenomeni di subsidenza e diversi meccanismi erosivi, hanno causato la scomparsa di ampie zone a barena in diverse parti del mondo. L'arretramento delle sponde delle barene per l'azione congiunta della marea e del moto ondoso da vento e da barca è uno dei principali fattori responsabili della loro riduzione. Tale fenomeno è stato studiato attraverso osservazioni di campo da foto aeree su ampie scale spaziali e temporali ), modelli matematici (van Eerdt, 1985, modelli sperimentali di laboratorio (Francalanci et al., 2013) e rappresentazioni qualitative ). Una più dettagliata descrizione dei tassi di arretramento in funzione delle forzanti idrodinamiche a scala di evento non è stata ancora fornita, se non per specifiche strutture morfologiche (Priestas e Fagherazzi, 2011). Il presente lavoro descrive una campagna di monitoraggio dell'evoluzione morfologica di una barena a seguito di tre intense mareggiate registrate nel febbraio del 2014, attraverso la misura del clima ondoso e dei tassi erosivi locali. L'obiettivo è quello di determinare una relazione tra forzante e tassi erosivi e identificare la cause principali dell'arretramento dei bordi delle barene. L'area di studio è localizzata a Nord-Ovest di Sant'Erasmo, nella parte Nord della Laguna di Venezia (Figura 1a). La barena monitorata è caratterizzata da un profilo longitudinale piuttosto irregolare, una scarpata pressoché verticale di altezza circa 70 -80 cm ed è soggetta ad un moto ondoso indotto da venti con direzione variabile da Nord a Est. Il fetch massimo è di circa 1 km. Le misurazioni del clima ondoso sono state svolte per mezzo di trasduttori di pressione (TP) collocati a 6 metri dal bordo barena, ad una distanza di 10 cm dal fondo (Figura 1b). Dalle misure di pressione è stato ricavato lo spettro della densità di energia e la direzionalità del moto ondoso. Il campionamento è stato effettuato a 6 Hz per intervalli di 15 minuti ogni ora e mezzo, in occasione di due delle tre mareggiate più intense. I tassi di arretramento sono stai misurati per mezzo di erosion pins. Parte di questi (60 circa) sono stati inseriti orizzontalmente sulla scarpata a diverse altezze, distribuiti lungo l'intero profilo longitudinale della sponda. Ulteriori erosion pins (10) sono stati posti verticalmente ad una distanza di 50 cm dal bordo barena.

Research paper thumbnail of Field monitoring of a salt marsh subjected to surface waves erosion AUTHORS: Luca Solari1, Michele Bendoni1, Riccardo Mel

Research paper thumbnail of Flow resistance in mountain rivers: preliminary laboratory observations

Research paper thumbnail of PC-39 Macro-Roughness Flow Resistance: A New Experimental Formula

Research paper thumbnail of Field Monitoring of the Flood Wave Propagation in the Versilia Mountain Basin (Tuscany, Italy)

Research paper thumbnail of Risultati preliminari sul comportamento delle briglie a fessura nel bacino montano dell’Alta Versilia

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of resistance of flow over macro-scale roughness: first results

Research paper thumbnail of Formación de calderas y construcción progresiva de batolitos: restricciones geocronológicas, petrográficas y estratigráficas del área Coxcatlán-Tilzapotla, Sierra Madre del Sur, México

A feature of great interest in the late Eocene-early Oligocene volcanic province of the Sierra Ma... more A feature of great interest in the late Eocene-early Oligocene volcanic province of the Sierra Madre del Sur is an elliptical NW-SE oriented dome structure (52 × 30 km) in the Coxcatlán-Tilzapotla region. The elliptical structure encompasses the Tilzapotla collapse caldera, rhyolitic domes, large volumes of ignimbrites, as well as the Buenavista intrusive body, and the Coxcatlán and Chautle plutons located west and east of the structural margin of the caldera, respectively. Previous geochronological studies carried out on the silicic and intermediate magmatic rocks intercalated with pre-caldera tilted terrestrial sediments, as well as the occurrence of an angular unconformity separating fine-grained and coarse-grained beds, constrain uplift in the dome area to the late Eocene . This suggests that doming was related to emplacement of magmas into the crust prior to collapse of the Tilzapotla caldera at 34.3 Ma.

Research paper thumbnail of Caldera formation and progressive batholith construction: Geochronological, petrographic and stratigraphic constraints from the Coxcatlán-Tilzapotla area, Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental observation on bank retreat of salt marshes

Salt marshes are among the richest ecosystems in terms of productivity and species diversity, pro... more Salt marshes are among the richest ecosystems in terms of productivity and species diversity, providing habitat to a diverse fauna population, important resources for fishing and recreation, and a nutrient buffer at the land-sea interface. For these reasons salt marsh erosion represents a heavy loss of soil and this complex phenomenon has enhanced more and more interest, among the scientific community, to understand and quantify physical and biological processes and the related feedbacks to the planimetric evolution of the tidal channels forming the drainage network inside the salt marshes.

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling the Retreat Processes of Salt Marsh Edge

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Bar Morphology and Vegetation on Flow Resistance in Gravel-Bed Rivers

Research paper thumbnail of Interaction of Bar Morphology and Riparian Vegetation in Gravel-Bed Rivers

Research paper thumbnail of A review of batholiths and other plutonic intrusions of Mexico