Laís Ribovski - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Laís Ribovski

Research paper thumbnail of The amount of dextran in PLGA nanocarriers modulates protein corona and promotes cell membrane damage

Journal of Materials Chemistry B

Control over the amount of dextran added to the formulation of doxorubicin-loaded PLGA nanocarrie... more Control over the amount of dextran added to the formulation of doxorubicin-loaded PLGA nanocarriers impacts their interaction with non-phagocytic cells due to the decrease of protein adsorption with the increase of dextran amount.

Research paper thumbnail of Electrochemical biosensors to medical and environmental applications

Embora exista considerável progresso na área de biossensores, ainda é primordial aprimorar muitos... more Embora exista considerável progresso na área de biossensores, ainda é primordial aprimorar muitos desses dispositivos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir para o contínuo crescimento dos biossensores a base de enzimas e de moléculas de DNA, sendo dois biossensores eletroquímicos descritos. O primeiro trata-se de um biossensor enzimático utilizando tirosinase (Tyr) imobilizada por intermédio de cistamina (CYS) e glutaraldeído (GA) para a detecção de compostos fenólicos. Eletrodos de carbono impressos (SPCE) foram modificados com nanobastões de ouro (AuNRs) em filme de poli(amido amina) (PAMAM) geração 4 para o favorecimento da transferência direta de elétrons (DET) entre o eletrodo e o sítio ativo da enzima. Para caracterizar os AuNRs e AuNRs-PAMAM, espectroscopia de absorção no UV-Visível, espalhamento de luz dinâmico (DLS) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM) foram empregadas. As etapas do biossensor foram estudadas por voltametria cíclica e linear, amperometria e micr...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparing extracellular vesicles and cell membranes as biocompatible coatings for gold nanorods: Implications for targeted theranostics

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

Research paper thumbnail of Polymeric Nanoparticles Properties and Brain Delivery

Pharmaceutics

Safe and reliable entry to the brain is essential for successful diagnosis and treatment of disea... more Safe and reliable entry to the brain is essential for successful diagnosis and treatment of diseases, but it still poses major challenges. As a result, many therapeutic approaches to treating disorders associated with the central nervous system (CNS) still only show limited success. Nano-sized systems are being explored as drug carriers and show great improvements in the delivery of many therapeutics. The systemic delivery of nanoparticles (NPs) or nanocarriers (NCs) to the brain involves reaching the neurovascular unit (NVU), being transported across the blood–brain barrier, (BBB) and accumulating in the brain. Each of these steps can benefit from specifically controlled properties of NPs. Here, we discuss how brain delivery by NPs can benefit from careful design of the NP properties. Properties such as size, charge, shape, and ligand functionalization are commonly addressed in the literature; however, properties such as ligand density, linker length, avidity, protein corona, and s...

Research paper thumbnail of Low nanogel stiffness favors nanogel transcytosis across an in vitro blood–brain barrier

Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 2021

Transport of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a fundamental requirement for e... more Transport of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a fundamental requirement for effective treatment of numerous brain diseases. However, most therapeutics (>500 Da) are unable to permeate through the BBB and do not achieve therapeutic doses. Nanoparticles (NPs) are being investigated to facilitate drug delivery to the brain. Here, we investigate the effect of nanoparticle stiffness on NP transport across an in vitro BBB model. To this end, fluorescently labeled poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (p(NIPMAM)) nanogels stiffness was varied by the inclusion of 1.5 mol% (NG1.5), 5 mol% (NG5), and 14 mol% (NG14) N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) (BIS) cross-linker to quantify nanogel uptake and transcytosis. The more densely cross-linked p(NIPMAM) nanogels showed the highest level of uptake by polarized brain endothelial cells, whereas the less densely cross-linked nanogels demonstrated the highest transcytotic potential. These findings suggest that nanogel stiffness has opposing effects on nanogel uptake and transcytosis at the BBB.

Research paper thumbnail of Nanogels with Selective Intracellular Reactivity for Intracellular Tracking and Delivery

Chemistry – A European Journal, 2020

A multimodal approach for hydrogel-based nanoparticles was developed to selectively allow molecul... more A multimodal approach for hydrogel-based nanoparticles was developed to selectively allow molecular conjugated species to either be released inside the cell or remain connected to the polymer network. Using the intrinsic difference in reactivity between esters and amides, nanogels with an amide-conjugated dye could be tracked intracellularly localizing next to the nucleus, while ester-conjugation allowed for liberation of the molecular species from the hydrogel network inside the cell, enabling delivery throughout the cytoplasm. The release was a result of particle exposure to the intracellular environment. The conjugation approach and polymer network building rely on the same chemistry and provide a diverse range of possibilities to be used in nanomedicine and theranostic approaches.

Research paper thumbnail of Light-induced molecular rotation triggers on-demand release from liposomes

Chemical Communications, 2020

Controllable molecular release from delivery vehicles is essential to successfully reduce drug to... more Controllable molecular release from delivery vehicles is essential to successfully reduce drug toxicity and improve therapeutic efficacy.

Research paper thumbnail of Differential Profile of Systemic Extracellular Vesicles From Sporadic and Familial Alzheimer’s Disease Leads to Neuroglial and Endothelial Cell Degeneration

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2020

Evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as mediators and biomarkers of neurodegen... more Evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as mediators and biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. Two distinct forms of Alzheimer disease (AD) are known: a late-onset sporadic form (SAD) and an early-onset familial form (FAD). Recently, neurovascular dysfunction and altered systemic immunological components have been linked to AD neurodegeneration. Therefore, we characterized systemic-EVs from postmortem SAD and FAD patients and evaluated their effects on neuroglial and endothelial cells. We found increase CLN-5 spots with vesicular morphology in the abluminal portion of vessels from SAD patients. Both forms of AD were associated with larger and more numerous systemic EVs. Specifically, SAD patients showed an increase in endothelial-and leukocyte-derived EVs containing mitochondria; in contrast, FAD patients showed an increase in platelet-derived EVs. We detected a differential protein composition for SAD-and FAD-EVs associated with the coagulation cascade, inflammation, and lipid-carbohydrate metabolism. Using mono-and cocultures (endothelium-astrocytes-neurons) and human cortical organoids, we showed that AD-EVs induced cytotoxicity. Both forms of AD featured decreased neuronal branches area and astrocytic hyperreactivity, but SAD-EVs led to greater endothelial detrimental effects than FAD-EVs. In addition, FAD-and SAD-EVs affected

Research paper thumbnail of Development of curcumin-loaded zein nanoparticles for transport across the blood–brain barrier and inhibition of glioblastoma cell growth

Biomaterials Science, 2021

Zein-polydopamine nanoparticles functionalized with G23 peptide cross an in vitro blood–brain bar... more Zein-polydopamine nanoparticles functionalized with G23 peptide cross an in vitro blood–brain barrier and penetrate tumor spheroids. When loaded with curcumin they effectively reduce proliferation, migration, and viability of C6 glioma cells.

Research paper thumbnail of Bionanomateriais para o cruzamento de barreira biológica e entrega controlada

RIBOVSKI, L. Bionanomaterials for biological barrier crossing and controlled drug delivery. 2020.... more RIBOVSKI, L. Bionanomaterials for biological barrier crossing and controlled drug delivery. 2020. 158 p. Tese (Doutorado

Research paper thumbnail of Polyphenol oxidase-based electrochemical biosensors: A review

Analytica Chimica Acta, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Research paper thumbnail of Nanobiomaterials for biological barrier crossing and controlled drug delivery

Research paper thumbnail of Gold nanorods and poly(amido amine) dendrimer thin film for biosensing

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2019

The use of gold nanomaterials in electrochemical biosensing has been proven to be effective eithe... more The use of gold nanomaterials in electrochemical biosensing has been proven to be effective either by modifying the electrodes' surface or by labeling molecules. The combination of dendrimers with gold nanomaterials is a worthwhile alternative to create a suitable environment to immobilize enzymes. In this paper, we report the development of a thin film composed of gold nanorods (AuNRs) and poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer generation 4, which was applied for biosensing. The film was prepared by drop-casting the dispersion onto a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), and tyrosinase (Tyr) enzyme was further immobilized onto the modified electrode. The direct electron transfer (DET) between the enzyme and electrode surface was verified through cyclic voltammetry (CV), yielding an apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant of 0.045 s −1. Analytical curves were obtained by chronoamperometry for catechol (CAT) and dopamine (DA) with linear ranges from 2.8 to 30.3 μmol L −1 and 27.8 to 448.7 μmol L −1 , respectively, and detection limits of 1.0 μmol L −1 for CAT and 10.0 μmol L −1 for DA. The improved electrochemical properties of AuNRs-PAMAM-modified SPCE combined with the effective enzyme immobilization led to a promising electrochemical device to detect phenolic compounds.

Research paper thumbnail of Nanostructured materials and nanoparticles for point of care (POC) medical biosensors

Medical Biosensors for Point of Care (POC) Applications, 2017

Abstract We present a review on the use of nanomaterials in point-of-care (POC) electrochemical b... more Abstract We present a review on the use of nanomaterials in point-of-care (POC) electrochemical biosensors applied to medicine, addressing their development and main advantages. We focused this chapter on the most relevant nanomaterials used in the nanomedicine field, which we understand to be metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. The main strategies for nanomaterial synthesis and characterization are introduced and discussed, as well as the application of these materials in POC medical devices. Furthermore, the principal biological recognition elements and electrochemical techniques used in the development of biosensors are detailed. A final analysis and perspective on the subject is presented at the end of the chapter.

Research paper thumbnail of The application of graphene for in vitro and in vivo electrochemical biosensing

Biosensors & bioelectronics, Jan 14, 2016

Advances in analysis are required for rapid and reliable clinical diagnosis. Graphene is a 2D mat... more Advances in analysis are required for rapid and reliable clinical diagnosis. Graphene is a 2D material that has been extensively used in the development of devices for the medical proposes due to properties such as an elevated surface area and excellent electrical conductivity. On the other hand, architectures have been designed with the incorporation of different biological recognition elements such as antibodies/antigens and DNA probes for the proposition of immunosensors and genosensors. This field presents a great progress in the last few years, which have opened up a wide range of applications. Here, we highlight a rather comprehensive overview of the interesting properties of graphene for in vitro, in vivo, and point-of-care electrochemical biosensing. In the course of the paper, we first introduce graphene, electroanalytical methods (potentiometry, voltammetry, amperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) followed by an overview of the prospects and possible applic...

Research paper thumbnail of Inorganic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

NanoScience in Biomedicine, 2009

Polymer, lipid, metal, semiconductor, and hybrid composite nanoparticles with dimensions < 100 nm... more Polymer, lipid, metal, semiconductor, and hybrid composite nanoparticles with dimensions < 100 nm, have been developed extensively for potential biomedical applications like drug delivery systems, molecular sensing devices, and diagnostic imaging. In this overview, only inorganic nanoparticles for drug delivery will be addressed. Inorganic nanoparticles exhibit magnetic, electrical and optical properties that differed from their bulk counterparts. These physical properties could be tailored by controlling the size, shape, surface, and domain interactions in the nanoparticles. The incorporation of the unique properties of nanoparticles has expanded alternative platforms for drug delivery. The drug delivery systems highlighted in this overview include unguided, magnetically-guided, and optically-triggered delivery systems. These delivery systems are developed to enable improved localization and control of the drug's sphere of influence. This would potentially allow for more efficient therapy with lower dosages and reduced adverse side effects.

Research paper thumbnail of Biossensores eletroquímicos para fins ambientais e medicinais

Despite a considerable progress in the area of biosensors, it is still crucial to improve most of... more Despite a considerable progress in the area of biosensors, it is still crucial to improve most of these sensors. This study aims to contribute to the ongoing growth of enzyme-and DNA-based biosensors, being described two electrochemical biosensors. The first one is an enzyme-based biosensor with immobilized Tyrosinase (Tyr), through cystamine (CYS) and glutaraldehyde (GA), for detection of phenolic compounds. Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) were modified by gold nanorods (AuNRs) stabilized with poly(amide amine) PAMAM generation 4 to facilitate direct electron transfer (DET) between electrode and enzyme active site. AuNRs and AuNRs-PAMAM were characterized using UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) e scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Biosensor stages were studied by cyclic and linear voltametry, amperommetry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and tested agains two analytes: catechol (CAT) and dopamine (DA). Detection limit (LD) for CAT is 1 µmol L-1 and linear range from 2.8 to 30.3 µmol L-1 , for DA, LD is 10.0 µmol L-1 and linear range 27.8 to 448.7 µmol L-1. Besides, the biosensor shows great response in the presence of interferents, it also had an excellent performance in real samples that along with repeatability and reproducibility tests indicate stability and accuracy of the biosensor. The second sensor is an impedimetric DNA sensor prepared on gold electrode to detect c.68_69del mutation related to breast cancer predisposition. Capture sequence (HS-ssDNA) immobilization occurred due to gold-sulfur bond (Au-S) and direct hybridization was the chosen hybridization model. The genosensor was able to distinguishing between target sequence (tarDNA) and non-complementary sequence (ncsDNA) and linear range and LD were found to be 1 to 200 nmol L-1 and 0.14 nmol L-1 , respectively. Results suggest both biosensors have potential and proposed strategies are promising for other biosensors development.

Research paper thumbnail of The amount of dextran in PLGA nanocarriers modulates protein corona and promotes cell membrane damage

Journal of Materials Chemistry B

Control over the amount of dextran added to the formulation of doxorubicin-loaded PLGA nanocarrie... more Control over the amount of dextran added to the formulation of doxorubicin-loaded PLGA nanocarriers impacts their interaction with non-phagocytic cells due to the decrease of protein adsorption with the increase of dextran amount.

Research paper thumbnail of Electrochemical biosensors to medical and environmental applications

Embora exista considerável progresso na área de biossensores, ainda é primordial aprimorar muitos... more Embora exista considerável progresso na área de biossensores, ainda é primordial aprimorar muitos desses dispositivos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir para o contínuo crescimento dos biossensores a base de enzimas e de moléculas de DNA, sendo dois biossensores eletroquímicos descritos. O primeiro trata-se de um biossensor enzimático utilizando tirosinase (Tyr) imobilizada por intermédio de cistamina (CYS) e glutaraldeído (GA) para a detecção de compostos fenólicos. Eletrodos de carbono impressos (SPCE) foram modificados com nanobastões de ouro (AuNRs) em filme de poli(amido amina) (PAMAM) geração 4 para o favorecimento da transferência direta de elétrons (DET) entre o eletrodo e o sítio ativo da enzima. Para caracterizar os AuNRs e AuNRs-PAMAM, espectroscopia de absorção no UV-Visível, espalhamento de luz dinâmico (DLS) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM) foram empregadas. As etapas do biossensor foram estudadas por voltametria cíclica e linear, amperometria e micr...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparing extracellular vesicles and cell membranes as biocompatible coatings for gold nanorods: Implications for targeted theranostics

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

Research paper thumbnail of Polymeric Nanoparticles Properties and Brain Delivery

Pharmaceutics

Safe and reliable entry to the brain is essential for successful diagnosis and treatment of disea... more Safe and reliable entry to the brain is essential for successful diagnosis and treatment of diseases, but it still poses major challenges. As a result, many therapeutic approaches to treating disorders associated with the central nervous system (CNS) still only show limited success. Nano-sized systems are being explored as drug carriers and show great improvements in the delivery of many therapeutics. The systemic delivery of nanoparticles (NPs) or nanocarriers (NCs) to the brain involves reaching the neurovascular unit (NVU), being transported across the blood–brain barrier, (BBB) and accumulating in the brain. Each of these steps can benefit from specifically controlled properties of NPs. Here, we discuss how brain delivery by NPs can benefit from careful design of the NP properties. Properties such as size, charge, shape, and ligand functionalization are commonly addressed in the literature; however, properties such as ligand density, linker length, avidity, protein corona, and s...

Research paper thumbnail of Low nanogel stiffness favors nanogel transcytosis across an in vitro blood–brain barrier

Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 2021

Transport of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a fundamental requirement for e... more Transport of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a fundamental requirement for effective treatment of numerous brain diseases. However, most therapeutics (>500 Da) are unable to permeate through the BBB and do not achieve therapeutic doses. Nanoparticles (NPs) are being investigated to facilitate drug delivery to the brain. Here, we investigate the effect of nanoparticle stiffness on NP transport across an in vitro BBB model. To this end, fluorescently labeled poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (p(NIPMAM)) nanogels stiffness was varied by the inclusion of 1.5 mol% (NG1.5), 5 mol% (NG5), and 14 mol% (NG14) N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) (BIS) cross-linker to quantify nanogel uptake and transcytosis. The more densely cross-linked p(NIPMAM) nanogels showed the highest level of uptake by polarized brain endothelial cells, whereas the less densely cross-linked nanogels demonstrated the highest transcytotic potential. These findings suggest that nanogel stiffness has opposing effects on nanogel uptake and transcytosis at the BBB.

Research paper thumbnail of Nanogels with Selective Intracellular Reactivity for Intracellular Tracking and Delivery

Chemistry – A European Journal, 2020

A multimodal approach for hydrogel-based nanoparticles was developed to selectively allow molecul... more A multimodal approach for hydrogel-based nanoparticles was developed to selectively allow molecular conjugated species to either be released inside the cell or remain connected to the polymer network. Using the intrinsic difference in reactivity between esters and amides, nanogels with an amide-conjugated dye could be tracked intracellularly localizing next to the nucleus, while ester-conjugation allowed for liberation of the molecular species from the hydrogel network inside the cell, enabling delivery throughout the cytoplasm. The release was a result of particle exposure to the intracellular environment. The conjugation approach and polymer network building rely on the same chemistry and provide a diverse range of possibilities to be used in nanomedicine and theranostic approaches.

Research paper thumbnail of Light-induced molecular rotation triggers on-demand release from liposomes

Chemical Communications, 2020

Controllable molecular release from delivery vehicles is essential to successfully reduce drug to... more Controllable molecular release from delivery vehicles is essential to successfully reduce drug toxicity and improve therapeutic efficacy.

Research paper thumbnail of Differential Profile of Systemic Extracellular Vesicles From Sporadic and Familial Alzheimer’s Disease Leads to Neuroglial and Endothelial Cell Degeneration

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2020

Evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as mediators and biomarkers of neurodegen... more Evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as mediators and biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. Two distinct forms of Alzheimer disease (AD) are known: a late-onset sporadic form (SAD) and an early-onset familial form (FAD). Recently, neurovascular dysfunction and altered systemic immunological components have been linked to AD neurodegeneration. Therefore, we characterized systemic-EVs from postmortem SAD and FAD patients and evaluated their effects on neuroglial and endothelial cells. We found increase CLN-5 spots with vesicular morphology in the abluminal portion of vessels from SAD patients. Both forms of AD were associated with larger and more numerous systemic EVs. Specifically, SAD patients showed an increase in endothelial-and leukocyte-derived EVs containing mitochondria; in contrast, FAD patients showed an increase in platelet-derived EVs. We detected a differential protein composition for SAD-and FAD-EVs associated with the coagulation cascade, inflammation, and lipid-carbohydrate metabolism. Using mono-and cocultures (endothelium-astrocytes-neurons) and human cortical organoids, we showed that AD-EVs induced cytotoxicity. Both forms of AD featured decreased neuronal branches area and astrocytic hyperreactivity, but SAD-EVs led to greater endothelial detrimental effects than FAD-EVs. In addition, FAD-and SAD-EVs affected

Research paper thumbnail of Development of curcumin-loaded zein nanoparticles for transport across the blood–brain barrier and inhibition of glioblastoma cell growth

Biomaterials Science, 2021

Zein-polydopamine nanoparticles functionalized with G23 peptide cross an in vitro blood–brain bar... more Zein-polydopamine nanoparticles functionalized with G23 peptide cross an in vitro blood–brain barrier and penetrate tumor spheroids. When loaded with curcumin they effectively reduce proliferation, migration, and viability of C6 glioma cells.

Research paper thumbnail of Bionanomateriais para o cruzamento de barreira biológica e entrega controlada

RIBOVSKI, L. Bionanomaterials for biological barrier crossing and controlled drug delivery. 2020.... more RIBOVSKI, L. Bionanomaterials for biological barrier crossing and controlled drug delivery. 2020. 158 p. Tese (Doutorado

Research paper thumbnail of Polyphenol oxidase-based electrochemical biosensors: A review

Analytica Chimica Acta, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Research paper thumbnail of Nanobiomaterials for biological barrier crossing and controlled drug delivery

Research paper thumbnail of Gold nanorods and poly(amido amine) dendrimer thin film for biosensing

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2019

The use of gold nanomaterials in electrochemical biosensing has been proven to be effective eithe... more The use of gold nanomaterials in electrochemical biosensing has been proven to be effective either by modifying the electrodes' surface or by labeling molecules. The combination of dendrimers with gold nanomaterials is a worthwhile alternative to create a suitable environment to immobilize enzymes. In this paper, we report the development of a thin film composed of gold nanorods (AuNRs) and poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer generation 4, which was applied for biosensing. The film was prepared by drop-casting the dispersion onto a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), and tyrosinase (Tyr) enzyme was further immobilized onto the modified electrode. The direct electron transfer (DET) between the enzyme and electrode surface was verified through cyclic voltammetry (CV), yielding an apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant of 0.045 s −1. Analytical curves were obtained by chronoamperometry for catechol (CAT) and dopamine (DA) with linear ranges from 2.8 to 30.3 μmol L −1 and 27.8 to 448.7 μmol L −1 , respectively, and detection limits of 1.0 μmol L −1 for CAT and 10.0 μmol L −1 for DA. The improved electrochemical properties of AuNRs-PAMAM-modified SPCE combined with the effective enzyme immobilization led to a promising electrochemical device to detect phenolic compounds.

Research paper thumbnail of Nanostructured materials and nanoparticles for point of care (POC) medical biosensors

Medical Biosensors for Point of Care (POC) Applications, 2017

Abstract We present a review on the use of nanomaterials in point-of-care (POC) electrochemical b... more Abstract We present a review on the use of nanomaterials in point-of-care (POC) electrochemical biosensors applied to medicine, addressing their development and main advantages. We focused this chapter on the most relevant nanomaterials used in the nanomedicine field, which we understand to be metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. The main strategies for nanomaterial synthesis and characterization are introduced and discussed, as well as the application of these materials in POC medical devices. Furthermore, the principal biological recognition elements and electrochemical techniques used in the development of biosensors are detailed. A final analysis and perspective on the subject is presented at the end of the chapter.

Research paper thumbnail of The application of graphene for in vitro and in vivo electrochemical biosensing

Biosensors & bioelectronics, Jan 14, 2016

Advances in analysis are required for rapid and reliable clinical diagnosis. Graphene is a 2D mat... more Advances in analysis are required for rapid and reliable clinical diagnosis. Graphene is a 2D material that has been extensively used in the development of devices for the medical proposes due to properties such as an elevated surface area and excellent electrical conductivity. On the other hand, architectures have been designed with the incorporation of different biological recognition elements such as antibodies/antigens and DNA probes for the proposition of immunosensors and genosensors. This field presents a great progress in the last few years, which have opened up a wide range of applications. Here, we highlight a rather comprehensive overview of the interesting properties of graphene for in vitro, in vivo, and point-of-care electrochemical biosensing. In the course of the paper, we first introduce graphene, electroanalytical methods (potentiometry, voltammetry, amperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) followed by an overview of the prospects and possible applic...

Research paper thumbnail of Inorganic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

NanoScience in Biomedicine, 2009

Polymer, lipid, metal, semiconductor, and hybrid composite nanoparticles with dimensions < 100 nm... more Polymer, lipid, metal, semiconductor, and hybrid composite nanoparticles with dimensions < 100 nm, have been developed extensively for potential biomedical applications like drug delivery systems, molecular sensing devices, and diagnostic imaging. In this overview, only inorganic nanoparticles for drug delivery will be addressed. Inorganic nanoparticles exhibit magnetic, electrical and optical properties that differed from their bulk counterparts. These physical properties could be tailored by controlling the size, shape, surface, and domain interactions in the nanoparticles. The incorporation of the unique properties of nanoparticles has expanded alternative platforms for drug delivery. The drug delivery systems highlighted in this overview include unguided, magnetically-guided, and optically-triggered delivery systems. These delivery systems are developed to enable improved localization and control of the drug's sphere of influence. This would potentially allow for more efficient therapy with lower dosages and reduced adverse side effects.

Research paper thumbnail of Biossensores eletroquímicos para fins ambientais e medicinais

Despite a considerable progress in the area of biosensors, it is still crucial to improve most of... more Despite a considerable progress in the area of biosensors, it is still crucial to improve most of these sensors. This study aims to contribute to the ongoing growth of enzyme-and DNA-based biosensors, being described two electrochemical biosensors. The first one is an enzyme-based biosensor with immobilized Tyrosinase (Tyr), through cystamine (CYS) and glutaraldehyde (GA), for detection of phenolic compounds. Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) were modified by gold nanorods (AuNRs) stabilized with poly(amide amine) PAMAM generation 4 to facilitate direct electron transfer (DET) between electrode and enzyme active site. AuNRs and AuNRs-PAMAM were characterized using UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) e scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Biosensor stages were studied by cyclic and linear voltametry, amperommetry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and tested agains two analytes: catechol (CAT) and dopamine (DA). Detection limit (LD) for CAT is 1 µmol L-1 and linear range from 2.8 to 30.3 µmol L-1 , for DA, LD is 10.0 µmol L-1 and linear range 27.8 to 448.7 µmol L-1. Besides, the biosensor shows great response in the presence of interferents, it also had an excellent performance in real samples that along with repeatability and reproducibility tests indicate stability and accuracy of the biosensor. The second sensor is an impedimetric DNA sensor prepared on gold electrode to detect c.68_69del mutation related to breast cancer predisposition. Capture sequence (HS-ssDNA) immobilization occurred due to gold-sulfur bond (Au-S) and direct hybridization was the chosen hybridization model. The genosensor was able to distinguishing between target sequence (tarDNA) and non-complementary sequence (ncsDNA) and linear range and LD were found to be 1 to 200 nmol L-1 and 0.14 nmol L-1 , respectively. Results suggest both biosensors have potential and proposed strategies are promising for other biosensors development.