Laila Dahmoush - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Laila Dahmoush

Cancer, 2002

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) was first described in 1977 as a distinct clinico-pathologic... more Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) was first described in 1977 as a distinct clinico-pathological entity with a suspected viral etiology. Subsequently, a novel RNA retrovirus, human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was isolated from a cell line established from the leukemic cells of an ATL patient, and the finding of a clear association with ATL led to its inclusion among human carcinogenic pathogens. The three major routes of HTLV-1 transmission are mother-to-child infections via breast milk, sexual intercourse, and blood transfusions. HTLV-1 infection early in life, presumably from breast feeding, is crucial in the development of ATL. The diversity in clinical features and prognosis of patients with this disease has led to its subtype-classification into four categories, acute, lymphoma, chronic, and smoldering types defined by organ involvement, and LDH and calcium values. In case acute, lymphoma or unfavorable chronic subtypes (aggressive ATL), intensive chemotherapy such as VCAP-AMP-VECP is usually recommended. In case favorable chronic or smoldering ATL (indolent ATL), watchful waiting until disease progression has been recommended although the long term prognosis was inferior to those of, for instance, chronic lymphoid leukemia. Retrospective analysis suggested that the combination of interferon alpha and zidovudine was apparently promising for the treatment of ATL, especially for types with leukemic manifestation. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is also promising for the treatment of aggressive ATL possibly reflecting graft vs. ATL effect. Several new agent-trials for ATL are ongoing and in preparation, including a defucosylated humanized anti-CC chemokine receptor 4 monoclonal antibody. Two steps should be considered for the prevention of HTLV-1-associated ATL. The first is the prevention of HTLV-1 infections and the second is the prevention of ATL among HTLV-1 carriers. So far, no agent has been found to be effective for the latter. Further investigation on the pathogenesis of ATL is crucial for the prevention and treatment of this refractory leukemia-lymphoma.

International Journal of Gynecological Pathology, 2022

While angiosarcoma metastatic to the ovary is rare, metastatic angiosarcoma to an ovarian tumor h... more While angiosarcoma metastatic to the ovary is rare, metastatic angiosarcoma to an ovarian tumor has never been reported in the literature, so far. We report a case of a 61-yr-old postmenopausal woman with history of breast cancer, presenting with metastatic angiosarcoma to an ovarian Brenner tumor. Initially at the frozen section examination, on limited sampling, and without knowledge of the patient's history, a diagnosis of at least proliferating Brenner tumor was rendered. Upon review of permanent sections, an intermixed angiosarcoma component was identified within Brenner tumor. Tumor to ovarian tumor metastasis is a rare phenomenon, with only 18 cases reported in the last 50 yr. It poses diagnostic challenges during sampling and histopathologic interpretation. Detailed clinical history, careful gross examination and sampling are important to recognize the separate tumor components.

The Canadian journal of urology, 2019

INTRODUCTION Dystroglycan (DG) is a cell surface receptor for extracellular matrix proteins invol... more INTRODUCTION Dystroglycan (DG) is a cell surface receptor for extracellular matrix proteins involved in tissue mechanical stability and matrix organization. Initial work has demonstrated that alpha-DG expression is decreased in many types of adenocarcinoma, including prostate, and potentially associated with the development of metastatic disease. However, the consistency between prostate and lymph node alpha-DG staining has not been previously reported. In addition, identification of an immunohistochemical marker associated with prostate cancer grade, stage, need for adjuvant or salvage therapy and mortality would have potential clinical value. MATERIALS AND METHODS Node positive, margin negative radical prostatectomy specimens at a single institution from 1982 to 2012 were reviewed and identified 35 prostate specimens, including 26 patients with available tissue from both the primary prostatectomy and lymph node specimens. The expression levels of the alpha-DG subunit were analyzed...

Human Pathology: Case Reports, 2020

Primary localized amyloidosis of the urethra is a rare but benign condition with fewer than 50 ca... more Primary localized amyloidosis of the urethra is a rare but benign condition with fewer than 50 cases reported in the literature. Because its clinical presentation mimics urologic malignancy, this condition is of particular interest to pathologists and urologists. We present a case of primary localized amyloidosis of the urethra that presented as a urethral stricture and was subsequently diagnosed on frozen section. This paper serves as a reminder to pathologists to consider this rare entity in the differential diagnosis of a urethral stricture, even in an intra-operative setting.

Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2019

660 Background: The overexpression of hypoxia induced factor 1a/2a in ccRCC leads to up-regulatio... more 660 Background: The overexpression of hypoxia induced factor 1a/2a in ccRCC leads to up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that results in increased angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, and treatment resistance. Using several preclinical xenograft models, it has been demonstrated that therapeutic doses of the selenium-containing molecules, seleno-L-methionine (SLM) and methylselenocysteine (MSC) caused enhanced degradation of HIF1α/2α, down-regulation of oncogenic miRNA-210 and 155, up-regulation tumor suppressor miRNA-664 and LET-7b, and stabilization of tumor vasculature, yielding higher tumor drug uptake and protection from toxic side effects when combined with chemotherapeutic and VEGF-targeted agents. Methods: This is a phase I (3+3 design) dose finding trial of SLM (2500, 3000 or 4000 µg) given orally twice daily for 14 days, followed by once a day in combination with standard dose axitinib to patients with metastatic RCC. Primary endpoint is safety. Secondary ...

Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2018

630 Background: The overexpression of hypoxia induced factor (HIF) 1a/2a in ccRCC leads to up-reg... more 630 Background: The overexpression of hypoxia induced factor (HIF) 1a/2a in ccRCC leads to up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that results in increased angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, and treatment resistance. Using several preclinical xenograft models, it has been demonstrated that therapeutic doses and schedules of the selenium-containing molecules, seleno-L-methionine (SLM) and methylselenocysteine (MSC) caused enhanced degradation of HIF1α/2α, down-regulation of oncogenic miRNA-210 and 155, up-regulation tumor suppressor miRNA-664 and LET-7b, and stabilization of tumor vasculature, yielding higher tumor drug uptake and protection from toxic side effects when combined with chemotherapeutic and VEGF-targeted agents. Methods: This is a phase I (3+3 design) dose finding trial of SLM (2500, 3000 or 4000 µg) given orally twice daily for 14 days, followed by once a day in combination with the standard dose of axitinib to patients with metastatic RCC. Primary end...

Epidemiologic Reviews, 1993

There is overwhelming evidence that ovarian hormones play a crucial role at all stages in the dev... more There is overwhelming evidence that ovarian hormones play a crucial role at all stages in the development of breast cancer (1), and many clinically evident breast cancers remain sensitive to ovarian hormones. Both major ovarian hormones, estradiol and progesterone, play important roles in increasing breast cancer risk. Varying serum levels of these two hormones can "explain" most of the epidemiologic observations that have been made regarding breast cancer etiology, including the large difference between the high breast cancer rates in the United States and Western Europe and the low rates in Japan and most other Asian countries. KEY EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE The key epidemiologic observations on the relation of ovarian hormones to breast cancer risk are: 1. Early menopause, whether it occurs naturally or through bilateral oophorectomy, reduces risk. 2. Postmenopausal obesity increases risk,

International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists, Jan 24, 2016

Struma ovarii accounts for 5% of ovarian teratomas. Malignant transformation occurs in <0.3%, ... more Struma ovarii accounts for 5% of ovarian teratomas. Malignant transformation occurs in <0.3%, however, the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. We report a patient with follicular variant and tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) arising from struma ovarii and coexisting incidental PTC in the thyroid. Mutation analysis by next-generation sequencing identified a novel germline mutation, KIT p.V530I mutation in the tumors and normal ovarian and thyroid tissue. Immunohistochemical staining showed loss of KIT expression in the PTCs. Activating mutations in KIT play an important role in diagnosis and prognosis of multiple malignancies including mastocytosis, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and a subset of melanoma and acute myeloid leukemia. The p.V530I mutation has only been reported in 3 previous cases: acute myeloid leukemia, aggressive fibromatosis, and adenocarcinoma of the colon. In the case of aggressive fibromatosis, the patient responded well to imatin...

Journal of Women's Imaging, 2004

A rare case of neuroendocrine tumor of the uterus is presented. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ... more A rare case of neuroendocrine tumor of the uterus is presented. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated diffuse enlargement of the uterus without a discrete mass. The vessels in the myometrium were not distorted. Histologically, tumor cells diffusely infiltrated the myometrium as well as the endometrium. Neuroendocrine tumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of diffuse enlargement of the uterus. Our case also emphasizes the point that MRI characteristics of neuroendocrine tumor may overlap with those of malignant lymphoma.

Emergency Radiology, 2004

We present a case of an extensive gas-forming abdominal wall abscess secondary to ruptured retrop... more We present a case of an extensive gas-forming abdominal wall abscess secondary to ruptured retroperitoneal appendicitis in a diabetic patient. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a retroperitoneal abscess extending to the abdominal subcutaneous tissue through the superior lumbar triangle pathway, a known anatomical defect of the lumbar musculature. This case not only represents an unusual manifestation of acute appendicitis, but also alerts us to the importance of anatomical considerations in the imaging interpretation of disease extent. The applied anatomy of the lumbar triangle as a conduit of intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal processes into the abdominal wall is reviewed.

Urology, 2006

Cutaneous metastases from primary genitourinary malignancies are rare and usually represent a poo... more Cutaneous metastases from primary genitourinary malignancies are rare and usually represent a poor prognostic sign. Very few cases of skin metastases from urothelial carcinoma have been reported in the past, and most of them were treated with chemotherapy. We report a patient with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who developed skin metastases after cystectomy. The lesions did not respond to systemic chemotherapy but resolved with local radiation therapy. We discuss the need to have a high index of suspicion to identify these lesions and the treatment approaches.

Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, 2006

We report on a 38-year-old male diagnosed with biopsy-proven bladder urothelial carcinoma metasta... more We report on a 38-year-old male diagnosed with biopsy-proven bladder urothelial carcinoma metastatic to the bone, who had a complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of carboplatin and gemcitabine. The final pathology of his radical cystoprostatectomy revealed no residual cancer. The patient continues to be without evidence of disease 2 years postoperatively. This case shows that neoadjuvant chemotherapy with nonstandard regimens can yield responses in patients with bone metastases.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2004

We report a case of adrenal adenoma with organizing hematoma mimicking hemangioma on magnetic res... more We report a case of adrenal adenoma with organizing hematoma mimicking hemangioma on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The lesion demonstrated heterogeneous hyperintensity on heavily T2-weighted images. On dynamic contrasted-enhanced MRI, the lesion demonstrated early, patchy peripheral enhancement with subsequent fill-in that persisted. Chemical shift gradient-echo images failed to demonstrate the presence of intracellular lipid. Magnetic resonance imaging failed to characterize the lesion, and an erroneous preoperative diagnosis of adrenal hemangioma was made. Although the MRI findings reflected the organized hematoma with abundant vascular spaces, our case emphasizes the point that the MRI characteristics of intratumoral hemorrhage may overlap with those of adrenal hemangioma and chronic expanding hematoma.

The Journal of Urology, 2005

Most data regarding the prevalence of latent prostate cancer found only at autopsy are from old r... more Most data regarding the prevalence of latent prostate cancer found only at autopsy are from old reports. To determine if significant differences exist in the prevalence of latent prostate cancer between periods before and after the advent of screening for prostate cancer, we compared 2 groups of men undergoing autopsy during the 2 periods. Our institutional autopsy record database was searched to identify all men found to have prostate cancer before or after death between 1955 and 1960 (total 3,307 men and 1,578 men older than 40 years), and between 1991 and 2001 (total 2,938 men, 1,380 men older than 40 years). We calculated the age based incidence of latent prostate cancer detected only at autopsy in an at risk population of men (older than 40 years). We also compared Gleason grade distribution and proportion of stage cT3 or greater cancers between the 2 periods. Between 1955 and 1960 the prevalence of latent prostate cancer detected only at autopsy in men older than 40 years was 4.8% compared to 1.2% (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.0001) between 1991 and 2001. A significant decrease in the prevalence of latent, autopsy detected cancers was observed in men 70 to 89 years old at death. Autopsy detected cancers were found to be grossly invading adjacent structures (stage cT3 or greater) in 17 of 76 (22%) cancers discovered between 1955 and 1960, while none of the latent prostate cancers found in the 1991 to 2001 period were found to extend grossly beyond the prostate. Autopsy rates are decreasing at our institution. With the more widespread use of screening, the prevalence of latent prostate cancer has decreased 3-fold. The decrease in the prevalence of latent prostate cancer is especially dramatic in men older than 70 years. Further study will determine the significance of many of the tumors currently detected clinically, which may have been latent and found at autopsy if not for screening.

The Journal of Urology, 2014

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 1993

Our objective was to characterize the endometria of women of various ages placed on similar estro... more Our objective was to characterize the endometria of women of various ages placed on similar estrogen/progesterone replacement regimens prior to attempted donor embryo transfer using histologic, ultrasonographic, and steroid receptor markers in order to determine if advancing age has a detrimental effect on uterine responsiveness to pharmacologic sex steroid replacement therapy. This was a prospective open clinical trial. Functionally agonadal women aged 25 to 60 years receiving hormone replacement therapy underwent transvaginal ultrasound examination of the uterus followed by a timed endometrial biopsy on artificial cycle day 21. Endometrial histology and estrogen and progesterone receptors were analyzed from biopsy material. Subjects were assigned to three groups according to age: Group I, aged 25 to 39 years (n = 48); Group II, aged 40 to 49 years (n = 61); and Group III, aged 50 to 60 years (n = 13). Endometrial preparation was accomplished in all patients using the same sequential regimen consisting of oral micronized estradiol and intramuscular progesterone. Similar histologic, ultrasonographic, and steroid receptor characteristics were noted in all groups of patients regardless of age. A normal appearing midluteal secretory endometrium was demonstrated histologically in 85% of biopsies. However, 15% of biopsies exhibited intraluminal papillary excrescences within the glands and/or increase in the normal gland-to-stroma ratio. Three patients, one from each group, did not initially respond to replacement therapy and required further treatment. Functionally agonadal women exhibit normal or near-normal endometrial responses to sex steroid replacement therapy designed to imitate the natural cycle through the sixth decade of life.

International Journal of Gynecological Pathology, 2003

The insufficient state of knowledge concerning the biology of endocervical glandular lesions is c... more The insufficient state of knowledge concerning the biology of endocervical glandular lesions is compounded by the lack of universal diagnostic criteria for recognizing endocervical glandular dysplasia. This study addressed the issue of diagnostic reproducibility of noninvasive endocervical glandular lesions and tested the proposed new scoring scheme designed to improve this reproducibility. We have shown that the application of this scheme has significantly improved interobserver agreement in all diagnostic categories. Moreover, the results of this study lend support to the recommendation not to diagnose endocervical glandular dysplasia in the clinical setting, although this category can be still reliably separated out for research purposes. Application of our scoring scheme will bring uniformity to the diagnosis of noninvasive endocervical glandular lesions and allow the study of a precursor to endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ.

European Journal of Radiology Extra, 2004

Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is an uncommon high-risk lesion of the breast, often diagnosed a... more Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is an uncommon high-risk lesion of the breast, often diagnosed as an incidental microscopic finding in tissue removed for other mammographic finding, and is usually adjacent to, but not within the mammographically depicted lesions. Thus, there are no distinctive mammographic features of LCIS, according to most reports in the literature. We present a woman with multifocal LCIS involving an area of mammographically detected architectural distortion. The mammographic findings and the pathologic correlation are discussed.

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2012

ABSTRACT Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during mammalian metabolism. ROS are quenched... more ABSTRACT Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during mammalian metabolism. ROS are quenched by the action of antioxidant enzymes such as Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx). In healthy tissue, when ROS accumulate and cause damage to DNA, proteins, and lipid membranes, apoptosis can be triggered. In cancer tissue, cellular metabolism is upregulated, and it has been hypothesized that the activity of antioxidant enzymes may be upregulated, ultimately acting to protect cancer cells from reaching a ROS-derived apoptosis signal threshold. Relationships between psychosocial factors and antioxidant enzyme activity in human tumors have not previously been examined. Here, we examined associations of MnSOD and GPx in primary ovarian tumor tissues with indicators of psychological distress (CES-D) prior to surgery. Frozen tumor tissue was analyzed for MnSOD and GPx. Significantly higher levels of MnSOD were detected in higher grade tumors (p < 0.001). In hierarchical linear regressions controlling for stage and age, higher levels of the CES-D depressed mood subscale (n = 75, p = 0.01) were associated with significantly higher MnSOD levels in high grade tumors. In contrast, GPx was associated with lower levels of vegetative depression (n = 74, p = 0.049) and marginally associated with greater positive mood (N = 73, p = 0.056) but not with depressed mood (p = 0.44). No relationships were seen between MnSOD and positive mood or vegetative depression (all p values >0.60). Ongoing research is examining the clinical relevance of these findings.