Laleh Ghadirian - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Laleh Ghadirian

International journal of medical toxicology and forensic medicine, Jul 12, 2023

Divorce has become a global issue that is increasing in many industrial and developing countries,... more Divorce has become a global issue that is increasing in many industrial and developing countries, including Iran. One of the significant reasons for divorce is sexual dysfunction. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of Forensic Medicine Department service recipients and providers in evaluating male sexual dysfunction following filing for divorce. Methods: This study was a qualitative study that was analyzed through a content analysis approach. Purposive sampling was done with maximum variation until data saturation was reached. Individual interviews were used to collect data. The data were collected through in-depth quasi-structured interviews with 20 service recipients and 9 service providers of the Forensic Medicine Department in Tehran from January 2022 to March 2022. Results: The data analysis led to the extraction of two main categories, including existing challenges of the forensic medical system in the process of sexual assessment with 3 sub-categories (absence of the plaintiff in the assessment process, sharing a common room with other clients, the psychosocial pressure associated with a Rigi scan test) and features of desirable evaluation services with 5 sub-categories (service delivery to couples, service delivery by observing ethical principles, confidentiality and human dignity, comprehensive physical-psychological-communicative assessment, service delivery that emphasizes informing couples of the path ahead, provision of services if the authenticity of the sexual problem is proven). Conclusion: Our research results indicate that the national Forensic Medical Department faces certain challenges regarding the assessment and diagnosis of sexual dysfunctions among divorce applicants. Based on these results, certain modifications should be made to the evaluation procedures of these applicants. Forensic medicine policymakers and decision-makers can utilize the results of this study to address the existent shortcomings and even prevent the increase in divorce rates due to sexual dysfunctions by developing appropriate guidelines

Journal of medicine and life, Sep 1, 2022

Erectile disorder (ED) is the continuous or repeated inability to achieve an erection or maintain... more Erectile disorder (ED) is the continuous or repeated inability to achieve an erection or maintain its firmness for an adequate amount of time during sexual intercourse. Given the importance of utilizing quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the diagnosis of ED, the research team conducted a scoping review of erectile disorder CPGs to address the questions based on the clinical guideline of the best quality. This scoping review was conducted in five steps: 1-identification of the research question, 2-identification of relevant studies, 3-selection of studies, 4-data extraction, 5-summarizing and reporting the results. The initial search yielded 1,888 articles, CPGs and books but after primary and secondary screening by two appraisers, 9 CPGs were extracted. After that, the two appraisers examined the quality of these guidelines using the AGREE II tool. Eventually, 5 CPGs extracted. After reviewing 5 guidelines, 5 questions were answered. Overall, the CPGs had desirable overlap in response to the marked questions; nevertheless, there were some differences in details too. This review shows that the first and foremost principle in examining the affected individuals is taking a complete detailed history, followed by a physical examination and use of relevant questionnaires to complete the information necessary to diagnose the problem. The next step is to perform routine lab tests; hormonal profiles may also be checked, and if necessary, special tests should be performed based on an individual's conditions.

Depression Research and Treatment

Background. Given the high prevalence of depressive disorders in the present world and the lack o... more Background. Given the high prevalence of depressive disorders in the present world and the lack of adequate awareness about prevention and appropriate interventions, increasing mental health literacy is vital for promoting mental health to reduce depression and its consequences. Methods. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, participants were recruited among the second high school students in the 2018-2019 academic year. The sample size was 2038, and samples were selected by multistage cluster sampling from different areas of Tehran. Demographic variables like age, gender, level of education, and parents’ characteristics and mental health literacy questions in treatment and prevention areas were evaluated. Results. Analyses showed that of high school students, 83% considered getting help from psychiatrists and 80% considered learning stress management as the best preventive measures, while as the best treatment measures, 79.5% considered counseling the best place to refer for v...

Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2022

Background and purpose: Incidence of neuroendocrine tumors is increasing in the world. These tumo... more Background and purpose: Incidence of neuroendocrine tumors is increasing in the world. These tumors have a high complexity in clinical presentation, tumor stage and grade. In addition, using markers such as Ki67 level could help in estimating the grade of the tumor. The purpose of this study was to assess the hospital prevalence of neuroendocrine tumors, their origin and association between pathology and immunohistochemistry with Ki67 level. Materials and methods: All patients' records (2004-2010) were reviewed to select patients with neuroendocrine diagnosis, then their pathology and histochemistry samples were reexamined. Patients' demographic characteristics in addition to type, grade and origin of tumors were recorded in a check list. Results: Incidence of neuroendocrine tumors was 8 in 1000 patients. A total of 189 patients including 52.9% male and 47.1% female were found with neuroendocrine tumor diagnosis whose mean age was 49.6 years. Pathology diagnoses were carcino...

Background: The mortality due to Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) in patients with chronic ren... more Background: The mortality due to Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) in patients with chronic renal failure is more common than normal population. This study evaluates the impacts of prophylactic dialysis on decreasing mortality and morbidity of nondialysis-dependent patients with renal failure after CABG surgery. Methods: In this study, fifty non-dialysis-dependent patients who were suffering from renal failure and needed to CABG, were selected by convenience sampling method. Sequentially, they were allocated to prophylactic dialysis (n=20) and no prophylactic dialysis (n=30) groups, using a randomized block design. Exclusion criteria were under 18 year old patients and doing CABG for second time. Mortality rate and some complications such as acute renal failure, brain accident and atrial arrhythmias were compared between two groups after CABG. All cardiac surgeries were performed in a single centre and through a median sternotomy. P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The mean age of patients was (65.3±9.9). The patients included %16 (n.8) of women and %84 (n.42) of men. There were 20 patients in intervention and 30 patients in control groups. Baseline characteristics were similar in two groups. Comparison between intervention and control groups after surgery did not show any difference in mortality (P=0.14), acute renal failure (P=0.4), cerebrovascular accidents (P=1) and atrial arrhythmias (P=0.3), need to second surgery due to bleeding (P=1), need to dialysis (P=0.14), need to rehospitalization (P=1), duration of ventilator use (P=0.4), duration of need to hospitalization (P=0.11), duration of a patients stay in the Intensive Care Unit (P=0.4) and deep sternal infection (P=0.7) rates. Conclusion: According the results of this study, prophylactic dialysis, before conducting CABG, does not have any significant effect on mortality and other complications. The only exception is lung complications in non-dialysis-dependent patients with renal failure.

BMC Public Health

Background The spread and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic have been to such an extent that to s... more Background The spread and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic have been to such an extent that to shape an effective, collective response, governments need the participation of society and the cooperation of a wide range of civil society organizations and institutions. The objective of this study was to identify the activities of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in response to the covid-19 pandemic in Iran and the challenges they confronted. Methods We conducted a qualitative analysis based on twenty-two individual, virtual, and semi-structured interviews. Interviewees were selected through purposeful and snowball sampling. All interviews were performed with active health-related NGO representatives willing to participate in the study and continued until data saturation. Data analysis was performed using qualitative content analysis. Results The activities and challenges raised by NGO representatives were identified in 6 main categories, including the need for the participation o...

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All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you... more All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.

Assessing mental health literacy: What medical sciences students’ know about depression

International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2020

© 2020 International Journal of Preventive Medicine | Published by Wolters Kluwer Medknow Around ... more © 2020 International Journal of Preventive Medicine | Published by Wolters Kluwer Medknow Around the world, psychiatric diseases have ranked among the highest regarding burden of diseases and in Iran, it has ranked second.[1] A large number of studies have shown a low mental health literacy in a wide range of countries including Iran.[2,3] Since mental health literacy expresses the awareness of people about the diagnosis, prevention, seeking help and treatment and education in this area it can be helpful in improving the mental health status.[4]

Introduction & Objective: Health literacy is the degree to which individuals obtain, interpre... more Introduction & Objective: Health literacy is the degree to which individuals obtain, interpret and understand basic health information and services to make appropriate health decisions. The aim of this study was to describe health literacy of Bu Ali Sina university staff to help health care policy makers for proper interventions. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, health literacy of 206 employees was measured using a researcher-made questionnaire. Health literacy about risk factors of cardio-vascular diseases, cancers and diabetes was measured in 7 areas including: "attitude to health", "understanding the information", "social support", "socio-economic conditions", "ac-cess to health services", "communication with health professionals" and "application of health information". Results: Median of overall health literacy level in identification of risk factors for all three dis-eases was 3.7, and median of health literacy level in "identification of risk factors" for heart diseases, diabetes and cancers were reported 3.53, 3.44, and 3.58, respectively. Except for cancer, health literacy levels about identification of cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors were significantly higher in women (P= 0.02). Educational level increase showed a significant rise in health literacy score (P= 0.008). Conclusion: As a whole, 75.2% of cases had inadequate health literacy about risk factors of all three diseases. The lowest level of health literacy was related to the" application of health in-formation". So, regarding the importance of health literacy and its link to health outcomes, it seems that policy makers need to pay more attention to health literacy improvement, particu-larly in the "application of health information".

‫فص‬ ‫لٌاهِ‬ ‫ایراى‬ ‫بیوارستاًْای‬ ‫اهَر‬ ‫ادارُ‬ ‫علوی‬ ‫اًجوي‬ ‫رسوی‬ ‫ارگاى‬ ‫پاًسد‬ ‫سال‬ ‫ض... more ‫فص‬ ‫لٌاهِ‬ ‫ایراى‬ ‫بیوارستاًْای‬ ‫اهَر‬ ‫ادارُ‬ ‫علوی‬ ‫اًجوي‬ ‫رسوی‬ ‫ارگاى‬ ‫پاًسد‬ ‫سال‬ ‫ضوارُ‬ ‫ّن،‬ 4 ، ‫زهستاى‬ 59 31 ‫هسلسل‬ ‫ضوارُ‬ ، 95. .

Background: The beliefs and attitudes of caregivers of working children about mental health issue... more Background: The beliefs and attitudes of caregivers of working children about mental health issues and first aid, as well as their attitudes about the stigma of mental health problems can affect their motivation seek professional help for affected children. The aim of this study was to assess the mental health literacy of child labor caregivers about first aid for mental health and their attitudes about stigma of mental disorders.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the questionnaire was the Depression Health Literacy Questionnaire. All caregivers of working children covered by a NGO in the 17th district of Tehran who wanted to participate were included in the study. Results: Questionnaires of 129 caregivers were analyzed. Their mean age was 32.6 (±7) years. Of which 128 (99.2%) were women. Only 37 people (30.3%) were confident in their ability to help their children in case of depressive symptoms. The majority 109 (84.5%) of participants believed that asking a depressed child ab...

Depiction of Health, 2020

Background and Objectives: It is difficult to run current organizations without delegating some o... more Background and Objectives: It is difficult to run current organizations without delegating some of the authority to management levels. Despite the importance of delegating authority to managers, this seems to have been neglected in organizations. The aim of this study was to identify effective strategies for delegation of authority in Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted in 2019 in two stages. In the first stage, existing strategies to increase the willingness of managers to delegate authority were extracted through a review study. In the second stage, by conducting 18 semi-structured face-to-face interviews and holding a focused group meeting, effective and appropriate solutions were identified to increase the desire of managers to delegate authority at the university from the perspective of stakeholders. At this stage, data were analyzed by thematic analysis method by 2 people. Results: The review of studies showed two groups...

BMC Psychology, 2022

Background The beliefs and attitudes of caregivers of working children about mental health issues... more Background The beliefs and attitudes of caregivers of working children about mental health issues and first aid and their attitudes about the stigma of mental health problems can affect their motivation to seek professional help for affected children. This study aimed to assess the mental health literacy among caregivers of child labor about first aid for mental health and their attitudes about the stigma of mental disorders. Methods The Depression Health Literacy Questionnaire has been used in this cross-sectional study. All caregivers of working children who were willing to participate were included in the study. This group is covered by a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) located in the 17th district of Tehran. Results Questionnaires completed by 131 caregivers were analyzed. The average age of the participants was 32.6 (± 7.9) years. Of which 130 (99.2%) were mothers. Amongst, only 37 individuals (28.2%) were confident in their ability to help their children in case of depress...

Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran, Jan 26, 2015

Mental health literacy is an individual's knowledge and belief about mental disorders which a... more Mental health literacy is an individual's knowledge and belief about mental disorders which aid their recognition, management and prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate mental health literacy among students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected by the anonymous self-administered questionnaires and finally 324 students participated in the study. Random cluster sampling was used. Questions were in different areas of the mental health literacy for depression include recognition of disorder, intended actions to seek help and perceived barriers, beliefs about interventions, prevention, stigmatization and impact of media. T-test was used for statistical analysis. The mean (±SD) age was 23.5±2.8. The participants were 188 (58.1%) females and 136 (41.9%) males. In response to the recognition of the disorder 115 (35.6%) students mentioned the correct answer. In help-seeking area, 208 (64.3%) gave positive answer. The ma...

Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2015

Background: Mental health literacy is an individual’s knowledge and belief about mental disorders... more Background: Mental health literacy is an individual’s knowledge and belief about mental disorders which aid their recognition, management and prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate mental health literacy among students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected by the anonymous self-administered questionnaires and finally 324 students participated in the study. Random cluster sampling was used. Questions were in different areas of the mental health literacy for depression include recognition of disorder, intended actions to seek help and perceived barriers, beliefs about interventions, prevention, stigmatization and impact of media. T-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean (±SD) age was 23.5±2.8. The participants were 188 (58.1%) females and 136 (41.9%) males. In response to the recognition of the disorder 115 (35.6%) students mentioned the correct answer. In help-seeking area, 208 (64.3%) ga...