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Papers by Gagandeep Lamba
The Pan African medical journal, 2022
Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
Background: Dental pain management is an important aspect of patient management in pediatric dent... more Background: Dental pain management is an important aspect of patient management in pediatric dentistry. Articaine is considered the most successful anesthetic agent for infiltration anesthesia. Buffered articaine has been observed to have faster onset and longer duration of action with less pain on injection. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare pain on injection, onset of action, and pain during extraction using buffered (using Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3)) and non-buffered 4% articaine (with 1:100000 adrenaline) infiltrations for primary maxillary molar extractions in 4-10-year-old children. Methods: Seventy children who required extraction of maxillary primary molars were enrolled in this triple-blind randomized study. Children undergoing extraction were randomly divided into two groups, with 35 in each group. The study group was the buffered articaine group; the control group was the non-buffered articaine group. Buccal and palatal infiltrations were administered with either buffered or non-buffered articaine. Subjective evaluation was done for pain on injection, pain during extraction using Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPR) and onset of anesthesia in seconds. Pain on injection, pain during extraction were objectively evaluated using Sound Eye Motor (SEM) scale and onset of anesthesia was also evaluated objectively by pricking with sharp dental probe. Results: The outcome was, significantly less pain on injection and significantly faster onset of anesthesia with significantly less pain during extraction for both subjective and objective evaluations in the buffered articaine group. Subgroup analysis was also performed and it showed variable results, with only significant difference for WBFPR scores in age subgroup 4-7 years for palatal infiltration. Conclusion: Less pain on injection, faster onset of anesthesia, and less pain during extraction were observed when buffered articaine was used for maxillary primary molar extraction.
International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine
Aim: The present study was done to assess the antibacterial efficacy of a polyherbal extract agai... more Aim: The present study was done to assess the antibacterial efficacy of a polyherbal extract against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in-vitro. Materials and methods: In the current study, the ethanolic extracts of Haritaki, Bhibitak, Amalaki, Yashtimadhu, Haridra and Vacha were subjected to microbiological assay. The microbial growth inhibitory potential of the polyherbal extract was determined by using the agar disc diffusion method. Results: Mean zone of inhibition of polyherbal extract mix against S. mutans at 48 hours was 24mm. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of polyherbal extract mix on S. mutans was 0.1gm/mL and 0.2gm mg/mL respectively. Conclusion: The polyherbal extract had antimicrobial efficacy against streptococcus mutans. This polyherbal extract could have potential clinical implications. Clinical significance: as many chemical agents used for prevention of dental caries might have long term adverse effects, use of plant based pro...
Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 2020
Background: Chlorhexidine mouth rinse, a 'Gold Standard'effective in reducing plaque and ... more Background: Chlorhexidine mouth rinse, a 'Gold Standard'effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis, has some drawbacks like bitter taste, light brown staining of teeth etc. limiting its long-term use. Magnetized water is alkaline and inhibits the bonding process between plaque and teeth by “magnetohydrodynamic”. Aim: To compare and evaluate effectiveness of magnetized water and 0.2% chlorhexidine as a mouth rinse in children aged 12-15 years for plaque and gingivitis inhibition during 3 weeks of supervised use. Settings and Design: This was a double blinded randomized control clinical study, carried out at a non-government high school. Methods:A total of 20 children aged 12-15 years were randomized into two groups, magnetized water and 0.2% chlorhexidine, each comprising of 10 children who were asked to rinse with the respective mouthwash. Plaque index (PI) scoresand gingival (GI) scoreswere evaluated at baseline, 2 weeks and at 3 weeksfor each child. Statistical analysis: ...
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 2017
News and issues that affect organ and tissue transplantation Aviv Regev, PhD, chair of the facult... more News and issues that affect organ and tissue transplantation Aviv Regev, PhD, chair of the faculty, co-director of the Cell Circuits Program at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and co-chair of the organizing committee of the HCA. They commenced the effort with an acknowledgement that, although a thorough understanding of the cells that make up the human body remains elusive, the technologies to characterize these individual cells is rapidly coming online. As this occurs, laboratories around the world will begin to generate a tremendous amount of cell-specifi c data. Dr. Teichmann and Dr. Regev initiated the HCA as an effort to unify that data in a similar manner as was used for the Human Genome Project. To that end, they have formed a virtual international community. The HCA scientists met in October 2016, and subsequently published a white paper to provide an overview of the effort. At the time of this writing, they anticipate releasing the gene expression profi les from the fi rst one million immune cells collected under the HCA in November 2017. Although the organizing committee provides some oversight of the project, the scientists involved must all apply for and bring in their own funding. "We are all really trying to contribute to this effort," explains Dr. Clatworthy.
Background: Pain control is essential in treating child patients. One of the most commonly used b... more Background: Pain control is essential in treating child patients. One of the most commonly used behavior management techniques to manage anxiety and pain during dental procedures in children is distraction. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of virtual reality (VR) eyeglasses on pain and anxiety during local anesthesia (LA) administration in four to eight year old children. Material and method: Forty healthy co-operative children requiring restorative treatment under local anesthesia were recruited for the study. Children were randomly divided into two groups based on the sequence in which VR was introduced during the treatment sessions. Baseline anxiety was assessed using the physiologic parameters – Heart rate (HR), SPO2, and subjective self-reported scale Venham’s picture test (VPT). During LA injection, anxiety was assessed using physiologic parameters. After LA, the anxiety was assessed using the physiologic parameters, subjective self-reported scale a...
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 2017
Aim: This study aims to propose a modification of Angle's classification for primary dentitio... more Aim: This study aims to propose a modification of Angle's classification for primary dentition and to assess its applicability in children from Central India, Nagpur. Methods: Modification in Angle's classification has been proposed for application in primary dentition. Small roman numbers i/ii/iii are used for primary dentition notation to represent Angle's Class I/II/III molar relationships as in permanent dentition, respectively. To assess applicability of modified Angle's classification a cross-sectional preschool 2000 children population from central India; 3–6 years of age residing in Nagpur metropolitan city of Maharashtra state were selected randomly as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Majority 93.35% children were found to have bilateral Class i followed by 2.5% bilateral Class ii and 0.2% bilateral half cusp Class iii molar relationships as per the modified Angle's classification for primary dentition. About 3.75% children had various ...
International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry
The emergence of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a significant ... more The emergence of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a significant challenge to healthcare professionals. Among all the healthcare providers, dental clinical setup is exposed to the generation of potentially hazardous aerosols which could be a point of cross-contamination. Dentists catering to pediatric patients need to take special precautions, as they have milder symptoms or could be asymptomatic and hence potential vectors for the transfer of infection. One needs to change the perspective to manage the oral health of children as a child's oral health presents specific problems that could be time-bound and hence need to be treated accordingly. These problems can be managed on one hand by preventive methods, and on the other by implementing specific protocols relating to the conditions that represent an emergency, or those situations that fall into the category of elective dental procedures. This article highlights the routes of transmission in a dental practice and focuses on the categorization of treatment for children based on treatment needs. It proposes a restructuring of the treatment protocol and hence shifting to minimal invasive or non-aerosol-generating procedures (AGP). These techniques are also proposed to be used even after the end of the current emergency period to minimize the aerosol splatter. Clinical significance: The article highlights the protocol that needs to be followed after treatment categorization during and after COVID-19 pandemic.
International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry
Aim: The aim of this article is to report a case of green discoloration of primary teeth associat... more Aim: The aim of this article is to report a case of green discoloration of primary teeth associated with neonatal cholestatic jaundice and sepsis in a 2-year-old girl. Background: Systemic changes can lead to dental alterations of the teeth. One of the disorders is elevated serum bilirubin levels that can cause pigmentation of teeth. Green pigmentation of teeth is uncommon, but when it occurs, is a cause of concern for parents and the child, as he may also loose self-confidence. Case description: The parents reported to the clinic with the child whose chief complaint was green pigmented teeth. Her medical records revealed she was preterm and was diagnosed with neonatal cholestatic jaundice which lead to hyperbilirubinemia and sepsis. On review at 36 months of age, all her deciduous teeth were completely erupted and a striking demarcation was visible between the green incisal edges and the normally colored cervical one-thirds of all primary teeth. Treatment alternatives were suggested and the child was kept on regular follow-ups. Conclusion: So, one should be aware of such condition and seek medical practitioner or reports to confirm the diagnosis. If such a condition exists, esthetic treatment can be achieved with the newer techniques in cosmetic dentistry. Clinical significance: Green pigmentation has very limited causes. The time of illness coincides with the stage of tooth formation. Proper medical history is important to evaluate the extent of pigmentation and probable involvement of the permanent teeth.
International Journal of Medical and Dental Case Reports
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is an often neglected neurodevelopment disorders. The pr... more Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is an often neglected neurodevelopment disorders. The provision of dental care for affected children can be challenging because they are often unsettled in the dental environment. The dentist must frequently make adjustments in clinical practice and use behavior management strategies according to the special needs of the patients with this disorder. This case report aims to report the dental care of a 7-year-old child with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and to discuss the dental management therapies that were utilized for the patient.
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2016
Whitening agents present in the novel whitening dentifrices may have deleterious effects over the... more Whitening agents present in the novel whitening dentifrices may have deleterious effects over the aesthetic restorations. The present study evaluated the invitro effect of whitening dentifrice on micro hardness, colour stability and surface roughness on aesthetic restorative materials. Forty specimens each of compomer and of composite were prepared using brass mould. Specimens were equally divided into 4 groups. Group I (20 disks of compomer are subjected to brushing with conventional tooth paste) Group II (20 disks of composite subjected to brushing with conventional tooth paste), Group III (20 disks of compomer subjected to brushing with whitening tooth paste). Group IV (20 disks of composite subjected to brushing with whitening toothpaste). Each group was further divided into two subgroups, where 10 sample were subjected for two weeks of brushing with respective tooth paste and other 10 were subjected for four weeks of brushing. For the evaluation of micro hardness, colour stabil...
International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry
Radicular cysts are by far the most common cystic lesions of the jaw. However, those arising from... more Radicular cysts are by far the most common cystic lesions of the jaw. However, those arising from primary teeth are comparatively rare, comprising only 0.5 to 3.3%. The aim of this paper is to present clinical, radiographic and histopathological characteristics of radicular cyst associated with a primary mandibular molar causing unusual displacement of the permanent successor. Extraction of primary tooth along with extirpation of cyst was done under local anesthesia. The displaced premolar was also extracted and then replanted in the socket after proper alignment. Healing was uneventful and the space of missing primary molar was maintained by band and loop space maintainer. The relationship between intracanal medicaments and rapid growth of cyst, as mentioned in literature was observed in our case too. Thus, pulpotomy treated primary teeth should receive periodic postoperative radiographic examination and absence of clinical symptoms does not mean that a pulpotomy treated tooth is h...
The Pan African medical journal, 2022
Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
Background: Dental pain management is an important aspect of patient management in pediatric dent... more Background: Dental pain management is an important aspect of patient management in pediatric dentistry. Articaine is considered the most successful anesthetic agent for infiltration anesthesia. Buffered articaine has been observed to have faster onset and longer duration of action with less pain on injection. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare pain on injection, onset of action, and pain during extraction using buffered (using Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3)) and non-buffered 4% articaine (with 1:100000 adrenaline) infiltrations for primary maxillary molar extractions in 4-10-year-old children. Methods: Seventy children who required extraction of maxillary primary molars were enrolled in this triple-blind randomized study. Children undergoing extraction were randomly divided into two groups, with 35 in each group. The study group was the buffered articaine group; the control group was the non-buffered articaine group. Buccal and palatal infiltrations were administered with either buffered or non-buffered articaine. Subjective evaluation was done for pain on injection, pain during extraction using Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPR) and onset of anesthesia in seconds. Pain on injection, pain during extraction were objectively evaluated using Sound Eye Motor (SEM) scale and onset of anesthesia was also evaluated objectively by pricking with sharp dental probe. Results: The outcome was, significantly less pain on injection and significantly faster onset of anesthesia with significantly less pain during extraction for both subjective and objective evaluations in the buffered articaine group. Subgroup analysis was also performed and it showed variable results, with only significant difference for WBFPR scores in age subgroup 4-7 years for palatal infiltration. Conclusion: Less pain on injection, faster onset of anesthesia, and less pain during extraction were observed when buffered articaine was used for maxillary primary molar extraction.
International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine
Aim: The present study was done to assess the antibacterial efficacy of a polyherbal extract agai... more Aim: The present study was done to assess the antibacterial efficacy of a polyherbal extract against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in-vitro. Materials and methods: In the current study, the ethanolic extracts of Haritaki, Bhibitak, Amalaki, Yashtimadhu, Haridra and Vacha were subjected to microbiological assay. The microbial growth inhibitory potential of the polyherbal extract was determined by using the agar disc diffusion method. Results: Mean zone of inhibition of polyherbal extract mix against S. mutans at 48 hours was 24mm. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of polyherbal extract mix on S. mutans was 0.1gm/mL and 0.2gm mg/mL respectively. Conclusion: The polyherbal extract had antimicrobial efficacy against streptococcus mutans. This polyherbal extract could have potential clinical implications. Clinical significance: as many chemical agents used for prevention of dental caries might have long term adverse effects, use of plant based pro...
Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 2020
Background: Chlorhexidine mouth rinse, a 'Gold Standard'effective in reducing plaque and ... more Background: Chlorhexidine mouth rinse, a 'Gold Standard'effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis, has some drawbacks like bitter taste, light brown staining of teeth etc. limiting its long-term use. Magnetized water is alkaline and inhibits the bonding process between plaque and teeth by “magnetohydrodynamic”. Aim: To compare and evaluate effectiveness of magnetized water and 0.2% chlorhexidine as a mouth rinse in children aged 12-15 years for plaque and gingivitis inhibition during 3 weeks of supervised use. Settings and Design: This was a double blinded randomized control clinical study, carried out at a non-government high school. Methods:A total of 20 children aged 12-15 years were randomized into two groups, magnetized water and 0.2% chlorhexidine, each comprising of 10 children who were asked to rinse with the respective mouthwash. Plaque index (PI) scoresand gingival (GI) scoreswere evaluated at baseline, 2 weeks and at 3 weeksfor each child. Statistical analysis: ...
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 2017
News and issues that affect organ and tissue transplantation Aviv Regev, PhD, chair of the facult... more News and issues that affect organ and tissue transplantation Aviv Regev, PhD, chair of the faculty, co-director of the Cell Circuits Program at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and co-chair of the organizing committee of the HCA. They commenced the effort with an acknowledgement that, although a thorough understanding of the cells that make up the human body remains elusive, the technologies to characterize these individual cells is rapidly coming online. As this occurs, laboratories around the world will begin to generate a tremendous amount of cell-specifi c data. Dr. Teichmann and Dr. Regev initiated the HCA as an effort to unify that data in a similar manner as was used for the Human Genome Project. To that end, they have formed a virtual international community. The HCA scientists met in October 2016, and subsequently published a white paper to provide an overview of the effort. At the time of this writing, they anticipate releasing the gene expression profi les from the fi rst one million immune cells collected under the HCA in November 2017. Although the organizing committee provides some oversight of the project, the scientists involved must all apply for and bring in their own funding. "We are all really trying to contribute to this effort," explains Dr. Clatworthy.
Background: Pain control is essential in treating child patients. One of the most commonly used b... more Background: Pain control is essential in treating child patients. One of the most commonly used behavior management techniques to manage anxiety and pain during dental procedures in children is distraction. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of virtual reality (VR) eyeglasses on pain and anxiety during local anesthesia (LA) administration in four to eight year old children. Material and method: Forty healthy co-operative children requiring restorative treatment under local anesthesia were recruited for the study. Children were randomly divided into two groups based on the sequence in which VR was introduced during the treatment sessions. Baseline anxiety was assessed using the physiologic parameters – Heart rate (HR), SPO2, and subjective self-reported scale Venham’s picture test (VPT). During LA injection, anxiety was assessed using physiologic parameters. After LA, the anxiety was assessed using the physiologic parameters, subjective self-reported scale a...
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 2017
Aim: This study aims to propose a modification of Angle's classification for primary dentitio... more Aim: This study aims to propose a modification of Angle's classification for primary dentition and to assess its applicability in children from Central India, Nagpur. Methods: Modification in Angle's classification has been proposed for application in primary dentition. Small roman numbers i/ii/iii are used for primary dentition notation to represent Angle's Class I/II/III molar relationships as in permanent dentition, respectively. To assess applicability of modified Angle's classification a cross-sectional preschool 2000 children population from central India; 3–6 years of age residing in Nagpur metropolitan city of Maharashtra state were selected randomly as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Majority 93.35% children were found to have bilateral Class i followed by 2.5% bilateral Class ii and 0.2% bilateral half cusp Class iii molar relationships as per the modified Angle's classification for primary dentition. About 3.75% children had various ...
International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry
The emergence of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a significant ... more The emergence of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a significant challenge to healthcare professionals. Among all the healthcare providers, dental clinical setup is exposed to the generation of potentially hazardous aerosols which could be a point of cross-contamination. Dentists catering to pediatric patients need to take special precautions, as they have milder symptoms or could be asymptomatic and hence potential vectors for the transfer of infection. One needs to change the perspective to manage the oral health of children as a child's oral health presents specific problems that could be time-bound and hence need to be treated accordingly. These problems can be managed on one hand by preventive methods, and on the other by implementing specific protocols relating to the conditions that represent an emergency, or those situations that fall into the category of elective dental procedures. This article highlights the routes of transmission in a dental practice and focuses on the categorization of treatment for children based on treatment needs. It proposes a restructuring of the treatment protocol and hence shifting to minimal invasive or non-aerosol-generating procedures (AGP). These techniques are also proposed to be used even after the end of the current emergency period to minimize the aerosol splatter. Clinical significance: The article highlights the protocol that needs to be followed after treatment categorization during and after COVID-19 pandemic.
International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry
Aim: The aim of this article is to report a case of green discoloration of primary teeth associat... more Aim: The aim of this article is to report a case of green discoloration of primary teeth associated with neonatal cholestatic jaundice and sepsis in a 2-year-old girl. Background: Systemic changes can lead to dental alterations of the teeth. One of the disorders is elevated serum bilirubin levels that can cause pigmentation of teeth. Green pigmentation of teeth is uncommon, but when it occurs, is a cause of concern for parents and the child, as he may also loose self-confidence. Case description: The parents reported to the clinic with the child whose chief complaint was green pigmented teeth. Her medical records revealed she was preterm and was diagnosed with neonatal cholestatic jaundice which lead to hyperbilirubinemia and sepsis. On review at 36 months of age, all her deciduous teeth were completely erupted and a striking demarcation was visible between the green incisal edges and the normally colored cervical one-thirds of all primary teeth. Treatment alternatives were suggested and the child was kept on regular follow-ups. Conclusion: So, one should be aware of such condition and seek medical practitioner or reports to confirm the diagnosis. If such a condition exists, esthetic treatment can be achieved with the newer techniques in cosmetic dentistry. Clinical significance: Green pigmentation has very limited causes. The time of illness coincides with the stage of tooth formation. Proper medical history is important to evaluate the extent of pigmentation and probable involvement of the permanent teeth.
International Journal of Medical and Dental Case Reports
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is an often neglected neurodevelopment disorders. The pr... more Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is an often neglected neurodevelopment disorders. The provision of dental care for affected children can be challenging because they are often unsettled in the dental environment. The dentist must frequently make adjustments in clinical practice and use behavior management strategies according to the special needs of the patients with this disorder. This case report aims to report the dental care of a 7-year-old child with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and to discuss the dental management therapies that were utilized for the patient.
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2016
Whitening agents present in the novel whitening dentifrices may have deleterious effects over the... more Whitening agents present in the novel whitening dentifrices may have deleterious effects over the aesthetic restorations. The present study evaluated the invitro effect of whitening dentifrice on micro hardness, colour stability and surface roughness on aesthetic restorative materials. Forty specimens each of compomer and of composite were prepared using brass mould. Specimens were equally divided into 4 groups. Group I (20 disks of compomer are subjected to brushing with conventional tooth paste) Group II (20 disks of composite subjected to brushing with conventional tooth paste), Group III (20 disks of compomer subjected to brushing with whitening tooth paste). Group IV (20 disks of composite subjected to brushing with whitening toothpaste). Each group was further divided into two subgroups, where 10 sample were subjected for two weeks of brushing with respective tooth paste and other 10 were subjected for four weeks of brushing. For the evaluation of micro hardness, colour stabil...
International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry
Radicular cysts are by far the most common cystic lesions of the jaw. However, those arising from... more Radicular cysts are by far the most common cystic lesions of the jaw. However, those arising from primary teeth are comparatively rare, comprising only 0.5 to 3.3%. The aim of this paper is to present clinical, radiographic and histopathological characteristics of radicular cyst associated with a primary mandibular molar causing unusual displacement of the permanent successor. Extraction of primary tooth along with extirpation of cyst was done under local anesthesia. The displaced premolar was also extracted and then replanted in the socket after proper alignment. Healing was uneventful and the space of missing primary molar was maintained by band and loop space maintainer. The relationship between intracanal medicaments and rapid growth of cyst, as mentioned in literature was observed in our case too. Thus, pulpotomy treated primary teeth should receive periodic postoperative radiographic examination and absence of clinical symptoms does not mean that a pulpotomy treated tooth is h...